Gene therapy (基因疗法) is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.
In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective (有缺陷的) cells
Up to now, gene therapy
Gene therapy appears to be a much
2 . For the first time, the World Health Organization has included Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in its globally influential medical compendium (汇编),according to an international science journal.
An article published by Nature said that TCM had been included in the latest version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) released last year. Starting from the 1800s, the ICD has been revised and published in a series of editions, reflecting the advances in health and medical science over time. It serves as the foundation for the identification of global health trends, and the international standard for diseases and health conditions.
The latest ICD is based largely on the work of the International Classification of Traditional Medicine (ICTM) project’s experts from around the world, who had been working on traditional medicine research and practices for years.
China has been promoting the modernisation of TCM and pushing for TCM to gain acceptance worldwide. Tu Youyou, a Chinese expert focusing on the scientific study of drugs and medicines, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in2015 for her research in TCM. Her discovery has saved millions of lives in developing countries in South Asia, Africa and South America. TCM is sure to grow in popularity globally.
While the use of herbal medicines, acupuncture (针刺疗法) and other traditional medical practices has been on the rise, there’s still a shortage of global classification and terminology (术语) tools for traditional medicine now, according to officials of the WHO.
“The decision is to promote the safe and effective use of traditional medicine by regulating, researching and combining traditional medicine products,practitioners and practice into health systems,where appropriate,”the WHO was quoted as saying by Nature.
1. What can we learn about the ICD from Paragraph 2?| A．It will include TCM this year. |
| B．It has a history of over 200 years. |
| C．It is published in various languages. |
| D．It provides therapies for diseases worldwide. |
| A．To imply the worldwide popularity of TCM. |
| B．To prove TCM’s gaining worldwide acceptance. |
| C．To introduce a breakthrough in the medical field |
| D．To show Chinese people deserve the Nobel Prize for their contribution. |
| A．The classification of TCM. |
| B．The standard of TCM terms. |
| C．The official promotion of TCM. |
| D．The use of traditional Chinese medicine. |
| A．Lifestyle. | B．Opinion. |
| C．Health. | D．Technology. |
3 . In the 12th century, physician Ibn Zuhr conducted some animal research to assess the surgical procedures that could be applied to humans. Since then, animal testing has been considered the most efficient way to develop new drugs. New medical treatments and drugs are tested on animals first to determine their effectiveness or safety levels before they are finally tested on humans. However, it remains controversial whether it is morally right or wrong to use animals for experiments.
The use of animals for medical purposes is seen to be necessary by many scientists. Researchers usually begin their trials using rats. If the tests are successful, further tests are done on monkeys before using human beings. For testing, such tiered(分层的) rounds are important because they reduce the level of error and negative side effects. Some argue that animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments and there is no adequate alternative to testing on a living, whole-body system. Moreover, there are regulations for animal testing that limit the misuse of animals during research. They serve as evidence that animals are well taken care of and treated well instead of being intentionally harmed.
However, some other experts and animal welfare groups have opposed such practice, considering it as inhumane(不人道的) and claiming it should be banned. According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force-feeding, radiation exposure, operations to deliberately cause damage and frightening situations to create depression and anxiety. They also hold the view that animals are very different from human beings and therefore are poor test subjects. Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe. Animal tests on the arthritis (关节炎) drug Vioxx showed it would have a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause about 27,000 heart attacks before being pulled back from the market.
It’s safe to say that using animals for tests will continue to be debated in many years to come. Despite the benefits of animal testing, some of the concerns need to be addressed with adequate regulations to ensure that animals are treated humanely.
1. Why is animal testing considered necessary?| A．Rats are more similar to humans than monkeys. |
| B．Other testing alternatives may not replace animals. |
| C．Animal testing can show every side effect of drugs. |
| D．Animal testing has been in practice since the 12th century. |
| A．Eating poisonous food. | B．Being killed deliberately. |
| C．Breathing in polluted air. | D．Having unnecessary operations. |
| A．animal testing helps find the cure for arthritis |
| B．some drugs need to be withdrawn from the market |
| C．animals cannot necessarily produce accurate results |
| D．a drug should be tested many more times before its release |
| A．Scientists should reduce the number of animals used in research. |
| B．Experts should try hard to determine whether animal tests are harmful. |
| C．Relevant organizations should show more concern about the animals’ welfare. |
| D．The authorities should issue new laws to guarantee animals’ rights during research. |
These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines
By simply tapping points along the body while
Acupuncture opens energy highways in the body by sticking thin needles into the skin. Tapping takes a similar approach, but uses touch instead of needles
Everyone may have experienced some sort of emotional discomfort in their lives.
5 . It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimers, the most common form of dementia (痴呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine (November; 2022). After18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo (安慰剂). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimers called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates (积累) in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimers, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs?| A．The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimers. |
| B．The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants. |
| C．All participants didn’t receive the new drug. |
| D．It took 18 months to make the new drug. |
| A．illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body |
| B．making comparisons between two groups of participants |
| C．describing how immune-system works in detail |
| D．quoting the comments of other scientists |
| A．It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment. |
| B．It needs to be further tested before its launch. |
| C．It costs too much for ordinary families. |
| D．It can cause some side-effects. |
| A．Reliable. | B．Groundbreaking | C．Promising | D．Risky. |
Special free health kits for COVID-19 control are being provided to children, seniors and those
The health kits include medicines, antigen reagents, disinfectants, face masks and thermometers, and are expected to help reduce
Zhang Chunhong, a senior doctor at the Jiangxia district health bureau in Wuhan, Hubei province, said the health kits
“Masks and alcohol spray and wipes are used for
According to Zhang, more than 21,000 health kits
Yu Meixia, a staff member at Hubei Jiaotou Wuhuang Expressway Operation Management, said she
“For our front-line workers,
“The company asked us to maintain good personal protection every day and immediately report to the company and rest at home
Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Some American researchers think they are close to
In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research
The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea,
But those against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous
At the Nobel Prize Lecture, Tu Youyou talked about the life- saving drug, artemisinin
9 . Each year there are at least five million people around the world who develop serious flu (流感), and almost half a million deaths. When someone we know gets the flu virus, we expect them to be very careful not to pass it on to others. Doctors and nurses working with flu patients also need to protect themselves from the virus. But what is the best way to do this? This is the question that flu expert Professor Jonathan Van-Tam at Nottingham University is trying to answer. He wants to find out how flu is transmitted, so that he can stop doctors and nurses getting sick.
Van-Tam explains their method, “There are 41 volunteers in my experiment. Some healthy volunteers are made to get flu first. When they show symptoms, other volunteers, usually called recipients (接受者), enter the house. Everyone lives together in the small space for four days. Some of the recipients wear face masks, and wash their hands every 15 minutes, but some have no protection. In this way we can study who catches the flu and which ways of transmitting flu are important. During the four days when they are in contact with the virus, and for the ten days after that, the flu recipients are checked regularly.”
The experiment is not simple and it is very expensive. It is difficult to design correctly, and it is also difficult to plan and carry out. Just one study like this takes about 18 months to organise and needs hundreds of people working on it. But Van-Tam believes it is worth because the results will help to decide what type of protection is needed for people working in hospitals with large numbers of flu patients around the world. And perhaps it could reduce the number of deaths from flu each year.
1. Which word can replace the underlined word “transmitted” in paragraph 1?| A．Solved. | B．Passed. |
| C．Formed. | D．Stopped. |
| A．To find out who gets the flu easily. |
| B．To reduce the number of people who die of flu. |
| C．To test the medicines for people who develop serious flu. |
| D．To find the best way to protect doctors and nurses from the flu. |
| A．This type of study lasted 8 months. |
| B．The experiment is neither simple nor expensive. |
| C．Wearing masks was the best way to protect people from getting flu. |
| D．Recipients were divided into at least 2 groups to perform the experiment. |
10 . Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize for her work in helping to create an anti-malarial (疟疾) medicine. The 84-year-old’s route to the honour has been anything but traditional. In China, she is being called the “three nos” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she’s never worked overseas.
In 1967, malaria, a deadly disease at that time, spread by mosquitoes was decimating Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam. A secret research unit “Mission 523” was formed to find a cure for the illness. Two years later Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of “Mission 523”.
“Mission 523” read ancient books carefully for a long time to find historical methods of fighting malaria. When she started her search for an anti-malarial drug,more than 240,000 compounds around the world had been tested, without any success. Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet wormwood (青蒿), which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 AD. The team took out one active compound (化合物) in wormwood, and then tested it. But nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text. After another careful reading, she changed the drug recipe one final time, heating the compound without allowing it to reach boiling point.
After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys, Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human recipient (接受者) of the new drug. In any case, Tu Youyou is consistently praised for her drive and passion. One former colleague, Lianda Li, says Ms. Tu is “unsociable and quite straightforward”, adding that “if she disagrees with something, she will say it”.
Another colleague, Fuming Liao, who has worked with Tu Youyou for more than 40 years, describes her as a “tough and stubborn woman”. Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts, she applies them to modern scientific practices. The result has saved millions of lives.
1. According to paragraph 1,we can learn that .| A．Tu has a medical degree |
| B．Tu discovered a cure for malaria |
| C．Tu’s road to success is not traditional |
| D．Tu is the first woman to win a Nobel Prize |
| A．encouraging | B．killing |
| C．annoying | D．benefiting |
| A．Tu first invented the idea of using sweet wormwood as a cure. |
| B．Tu was inspired by medical textbooks published in northern Vietnam. |
| C．The compound needs to be heated to the boiling point to be effective. |
| D．Over 240,000 compounds were proved ineffective before finding an anti-malarial drug. |
| A．devoted and stubborn |
| B．considerate and tough |
| C．sociable and generous |
| D．straightforward and mean |
