2 . When Tal Golesworthy was told he needed _________ heart surgery in 1993, he said no. Golesworthy has Marfan syndrome (马凡氏综合症), a genetic condition _________ the strength and elasticity of connective body tissues, including blood vessels. Back in 1993, when he was living in Cheltenham, in the west of England, his doctor told him that the aorta (主动脉) in his heart was so enlarged that it would unavoidably _________ unless he underwent major surgery.

“They _________ the surgical options,” says Golesworthy, “and I was not interested. The operation really didn’t look attractive.” _________ he particularly didn’t like was having to be on blood thinners after the operation, something that would prevent blood clots(血栓) but _________ its own risks: “I was riding motorbikes then; and skiing, so my whole lifestyle _________.” By 2000, however, his condition _________. Realizing something had to be done, Golesworthy put his years of _________ as research-and-development engineer with the United Kingdom’s National Coal Board to good use. He decided he would __________ himself. “Learning new stuff and developing new ideas, that was my job,” Golesworthy says.

A bulging aorta, he thought, was much like bulging hydraulic hose (凸起的液压软管)—it needed __________ support. And wrapping something around the outside of the aorta would require a less invasive __________. So Golesworthy subjected himself to 30 hours of an MRI scanner; used 3D printing to create a physical copy of the faulty part of his heart (the aortic root); and then used soft, porous textile mesh (网眼织物) to make a sleeve to fit around it. “Luckily, I’d done a lot of work with technical textiles, looking at filters (过滤器) for flue gases (烟气) in coal-fire processes,” he says.

Sheer determination combined with a(n) __________ yet practical solution won him the support of two leading cardiothoratic (心胸的) surgeons and helped him raise the money to __________ his idea. In May 2004, at the age of 47, he became the guinea pig for his own invention, the Exo Vasc Personalised External Aortic Root Support. The operation was __________.

3 . A few months ago, I got a terrible cold which ended in a cough that was hard to get rid of (摆脱). No matter how many different medicines I tried, I _________ couldn’t get rid of the cough. It made both my teaching and my life _________.

Then one day after class, a student came up to me and _________ traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, it seemed that Chinese medicine had magic power and could work _________. I was _________ because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. _________ my cough got so much worse that I couldn’t sleep at night, so I decided to give it a _________. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my _________, both of which were new experience to me because they are both nonexistent in Western medicine, where diagnosis (诊断) relies heavily on _________. Then the doctor gave me a scraping treatment known as “Gua Sha”. I was a little __________ at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders.

A few minutes later, the treatment started to produce a __________ effect and my body and mind began to sink deeper into __________. I didn’t feel much improvement in my __________ in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to __________. Then within a matter of weeks, it was completely __________!

7 . After persuading most of his patients, his wife and son to go back to France following the lockdown of Wuhan, Philippe Klein, a French doctor, decided to stay in the epicenter during the COVID-19 outbreak.

"I am a doctor, so I have to do my job and do my______," said Klein, a general practitioner at Wuhan Union Hospital in Hubei province.

Before authorities in Wuhan______the city, suspending all outbound flights and trains in late January to______the highly infectious disease, Klein had______about 500 foreigners living in Wuhan, most of them French.

Following the outbreak, he closed his______at the hospital to reduce the chances of infection for his patients. Instead, he began to give______and treatment at patients' homes.

But while he continued to see his patients, Klein found some had fever and he might be______with the virus, so he decided to send his wife and son back to France.

"When I came back home after seeing patients, I didn't feel very comfortable. I really did not want to put my family______, so I asked my wife to leave Wuhan on the second plane organized by the French government," he said. "My son was crying when we______, but it was better for them to leave Wuhan and let me do my job. Also they were very proud because I was doing my duty here."

In addition to his sense of duty as a doctor, he said he also chose to stay because of his deep______for the people and the city, where he has lived for six years.

“People in Wuhan are very friendly to French, and here I feel like a star sometimes,” he said.

____the lockdown of a vast city with 11 million people, which is rare in human history, has made a big______on Klein. He said he is touched by the______Wuhan residents have made to contain the outbreak.

“The last month was the craziest month in my______life,” he said. “and I would like to say to the people of Wuhan and to the Chinese people that they are going to overcome this epidemic. And their sacrifice, their courage, their unity, will______. It will be an example to the world to make such a sacrifice to protect the rest of the world.”

8 . “Don’t get sick in July!”

This is a common concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ________. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.

So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ________ symptom early in a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determine the right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ________, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a direct connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.

In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple ________. Doctors are humans too and they ________ tricks of the mind—like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ________ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ________ practitioners into making the wrong decisions.

Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ________ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ________ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.

Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to________ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ________ with the prior diagnosis by experience.

In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ________ for years.

To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ________. It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ________. But asking questions does force your doctor to think twice and ________ her decision about your case.