Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.
A. Drug overuse and its consequence
B. The problem of drug overuse in America
C. Benefits of medicine and its wise use
D. Female drug overuse with reference to that of males
E. Misuse of medicine among the young generation
F. Improper use of medicine among senior citizens
1.
Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.
2.NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drags use them in a responsible.
3.Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.
4.Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.
5.Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over. In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives.
请先阅读几所大学所提供的健康医疗教育项目：
| A. |  | Argosy University Our postgraduate degree level education provides the knowledge and tools to create successful and meaningful careers. |
| B. |  | Kaplan University Our university offers comprehensive training in health care to prepare you for a career in the health sciences, corrections, or private security. |
| C. |  | Everest College Through our online degree program, you can gain the necessary skills to join the health care industry. It is designed to prepare you for a career in the health sciences. |
| D. |  | Sanford-Brown College SBC is dedicated to providing innovative programs that enable students the opportunity to gain professional skills by practicing in our health care center before they work. |
| E. |  | Rasmussen College The Healthcare Management Bachelor of Science degree at our College will give students the education and practical experience they need to work as administrators. |
| F. |  | Brown Mackie University The Health & nursing programs are designed to provide students with the education needed to enter health and nursing careers. |
下面是几位需要医学教育的学生，请为他们选择适合他们就读的大学：
1. My family immigrated when I was still studying my healthcare courses in a local medical college. So I had to give up my bachelor degree and moved with them. Now I hope to find a college that offers the degree education on the Internet and realize my dream of being a doctor.
2. When I looked after my mother in the hospital ten years ago, I was moved by what the nurses did. They devoted themselves into helping every patient get through the hard time. Since then, I have been determined to take up nursing career, and now, the time is coming.
3. When studying in the university, my professor often told me that it was impossible for me to get every problem solved just with the knowledge in textbooks. It makes me realize I should look for a health care center where I can learn practical skills and gain more experience.
4. After graduating from a medical college and get my bachelor degree five years ago, I became a doctor in a big local health care center. However, I find modern medical research developing fairly rapidly, so I hope to start my postgraduate degree study in a university and serve the people here better.
5. Being a retired doctor, my father always hopes that I can continue his career. I know a doctor can help lots of people, but in fact, my favorite job is managing, no matter in a company, an institution or an organization. So maybe learning how to manage a hospital can satisfy both of us.
Statements (He/She wants to persuade people that...)
Robert H. Kamm:
We all want to live longer and healthier lives, but taking pills to rescue us from our self-abusive lifestyle only masks real problems and ends up costing us billions of dollars a year. We ought to be investing at least as much in trying to discover why millions of us behave in ways that are not in our best interest — smoking, drinking, overworking, under-exercising and generally doing things that are bad for our health.
John J. Bagshaw:
The cost of poor health is shocking and goes well beyond dollars. But the approach that offers the best solution, reduces risk, cuts demand and gets people healthy and fit is prevention. The U.S. is a nation of chronic diseases. It will get much worse, because we never deal with the causes. Individual Americans need to bring this issue to a boil and keep it there until we get a health-care system based on prevention.
Laurel Woods:
While I applaud the research being done in the field of medicine, I am also aware that good things can go bad in an instant. I have heart disease, and I had a negative reaction to a new treatment: the result was a long hospital stay. We should remember that caution has to be applied when being treated with a new medicine. Nothing will replace the human element that must be present in a caring medical community.
Robert H. Kamm:
John J. Bagshaw:
Laurel Woods:
A. Prevention should always come before treatment.
B. A change of behavior counts more than reliance on drugs.
C. New drugs should not be put onto the market until proven effective.
D. A new medical treatment needs to be administrated with caution (great care).
Section C
Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.(本题请涂在答题卡上)
(D)
A. Different types of surgery operation.
B. Room for future development.
C. Amazing advancement in today’s surgery.
D. Changes in surgery specialization.
E. Negative response from the patients.
F. The improved safety of today’s operation.
| 76.__________________ |
The need for a surgery operation, especially an emergency operation, almost always comes as a shock to the patient and his family. Despite modern advances, most people still have an unreasonable fear of hospitals and operations. Patients do not often believe they really need surgery-cutting into a part of the body as opposed to treatment with drugs.
| 77._______________ |
In the early years of this century there was little specialization in surgery. A good surgeon was capable of performing almost every operation that had been devised up to that time. Today the situation is different. Operations are now being carried out that were not even dreamed of 50 years ago. The heart can be safely opened and its valves repaired. Blood vessels can be cleaned out, and broken ones mended or replaced. Even part of the brain can be removed and still permit the patient to live. However, not one surgeon is qualified to perform every type of the modern operation.
| 78.__________________ |
The scope of surgery has increased remarkably. Its safety has increased too. Deaths from most operations are about 20% of what they were in 1910. And due to the high success rate of operations nowadays, the hospital stay after surgery has been shortened to as little as a week for most major operations. Most patients are out of bed on the day after the operation and may be back at work in two or three weeks.
| 79.____________________ |
Many developments in modern surgery are almost incredible. They include the replacement of damaged blood vessels with simulated ones made of plastic; the replacement of heart valves, the transplanting of tissues such as the lens of the eye and the lung machined to keep patients alive during long operations. All these things open a hopeful vista for the future of surgery.
| 80.__________________ |
However, still large is the gap between our dream for the future and current technology. “Spare parts” surgery, the simple routine replacement of all worn-out organs by new ones, is still a dream of the distant future. As yet, surgery is not ready for such miracles. In the meantime, you can be happy if your doctor says to you, “yes, I think it is possible to operate on you for this condition.”
