1 . Since 2001, robotic tools have revolutionized the practice of surgery. They have greatly reduced the stress and physical demands normally placed on surgeons and have made certain procedures possible.

One example is "keyhole surgery", or minimally invasive (微创) surgery, which normally requires surgeons to stand at awkward angles and make difficult movements with their hands to make a cut inside the patient. But in June 2022, surgeon James Ansell used 3D glasses and two joysticks (操纵杆) to control four robotic arms to perform a procedure to remove a cancerous tumor (肿瘤). "My colleague said . that this feels like cheating, " Ansell said to The Guardian.

Another area of surgery that has had major technological breakthroughs in recent years is telesurgery. Telesurgery, or remote surgery, is the use of technology that allows a surgeon to perform a procedure on a patient not in the same physical location.

Normally, telesurgery relies on a wired connection due to concerns of harming the patient if a wireless connection were to drop during surgery, but China made several advancements in wireless telesurgery based on 5G technology.

China achieved the first 5G-based remote operation in March 2019 involving a brain surgery procedure between a surgeon in Sanya and a patient in Beijing, a distance totaling nearly 3, 000 kilometers, reported CGTN. More recently, a team of surgeons successfully completed remote micron-level eye surgery on rabbits located in a different city, reported China Daily. The rabbits were at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, Guangdong province, whereas the surgical team who operated on them via a 5G robot were at the Hainan Eye Hospital in Haikou, Hainan province.

Looking to the future, people hope that remote surgery could become commonplace to help heal injured soldiers on the battlefield while keeping surgeons at a safe distance. Some even believe that robotic systems, combined with AI, could one day surpass human surgeons. In 2022, engineers at Johns Hopkins University in the US used their Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) to suture (缝合)the ends of a severed intestine (断肠) in four pigs, showing that certain procedures can be done autonomously by robots.

But, given current technological limitations and the high costs of these robots which can cost millions of dollars, the complete robot takeover of surgery may still be a while off.

1. What does the "keyhole surgery" example intend to show?

A．The complexity of robotic surgery.

B．The challenges in using robotic tools.

C．The progress enabled by robotic tools.

D．The need for advanced 3D technology.

2. What significant achievement did China make in the field of telesurgery?

A．Achieving remote surgery using a wired connection.

B．Completing remote eye surgery on humans successfully.

C．Conducting the first 5G-based remote operation on rabbits.

D．Performing the first wireless brain surgery with 5G technology.

3. What can be inferred about robots in the medical field from the passage?

A．They have not yet been in use.

B．They are currently in high demand.

C．They have surpassed human capabilities.

D．Their development still has a long way to go.

4. What prevents the widespread adoption of robotic surgery systems?

A．Unavailability of 5G technology.

B．Resistance from medical institutions.

C．Technological limitations and high costs.

D．Lack of skilled surgeons to operate them.

5. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The benefits of remote surgery.

B．China's achievements in surgery.

C．The advancements in medical robotics.

D．The use of 5G technology in robotic surgery.

3 . There was a time when the word “surgery” used to scare people, and they would try their best to avoid a surgical procedure. The feeling is understandable, as the idea of a large cut on your body is discomforting in many ways. However, thanks to the advances in medical science, surgical techniques have improved considerably.

Compared with the traditional open surgery, minimally invasive surgery (微创手术)has several benefits to offer. Not only is the procedure quick and less painful, but also ensures rapid recovery. Now, surgical procedures, either big or small, are done within a few minutes to a few hours. The best part about the minimally invasive surgery is the painless procedure. The advanced techniques are helping with quality treatments to patients who have to undergo (进行) surgical procedures.

Unlike the traditional open surgery that requires a large cut, a surgeon makes multiple tiny cuts of less than an inch. For the process, the surgeon uses small surgical instruments, such as a tiny tube with a mini camera at one end. Once the surgeon marks the cuts, he then passes the tiny tube through one of the cuts. The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference. These images give the surgeon a clear picture of the area undergoing the surgery. After the surgery, the surgeon cleans the cuts and sometimes places a bandage for additional support.

Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions. In fact, it would not be wrong to say that these surgeries are now the standard surgical procedures for many routine operations. Whether you have a minor issue or want a surgical intervention for a major health condition, it is the best option.

1. What makes people afraid of surgery?

A．The large cut.	B．The great risk.
C．The high expense.	D．The slow recovery.

2. What can surgeons use as a reference in the surgery?

A．The previous treatment plan.

B．The images by the mini camera.

C．The standard surgical procedures.

D．The advice from other surgeons.

3. Who might benefit most from the minimally invasive surgery?

A．Patients in need of additional support.

B．Patients lack of regular checkups.

C．Patients with several medical conditions.

D．Patients scared of surgical instruments.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards minimally invasive surgery?

A．Disapproving.	B．Objective.
C．Doubtful.	D．Supportive.

5. Where is the passage probably from?

A．A medical magazine.

B．An online medical forum.

C．A technique discovery.

D．An advertisement for a medical product.

4 . As medical science develops rapidly with new technology, what is left for the doctor to do?

For medical humanist Dr. Abraham Verghese, the answer is simple: Spend more time getting to know your patients as people. Take the time to read a poem and other literature. Do your part to bridge the gap (鸿沟) between the two cultures of science and the humanities.

It takes a doctor who knows a patient’s life history well to make the best use of these tools, Verghese said. And that means paying more attention to human character.

Verghese said machines “have gone beyond human beings in their ability to care for the patient,” that is, in diagnosing illnesses and indicating the best treatment.

But doctors can awaken the human spirit, the knowledge of human beings and their motivations (动机), which can pull together a life picture of a patient and understand them as more than a collection of symptoms.

Case history: A 64-year-old man was admitted to the hospital after repeated falls, pains, and the loss of two teeth that just fell out, with no obvious cause.

What was wrong? Was it his medicine? Was it alcohol abuse (酗酒)?

The man rapidly improved after being hospitalized. It turned out he had bachelor scurvy, a disease among older men who live alone, which results from a lack of nutrition (缺乏营养).

“He was surviving on no fruits or vegetables, just alcohol and processed meats, I would guess,” Verghese said. “My point here is that this diagnosis, as clever as it was, also might have been made much, much earlier had we had a good relationship with this patient and had some sense of who that person was, as an individual.”

1. What is Verghese’s suggestion for doctors?

A．Use machines less frequently.

B．Remember to care for patients.

C．Try to make an early diagnosis of patients.

D．Keep up with the development of technology.

2. What docs Verghese think of medical equipment?

A．It needs to be improved greatly.

B．It will replace doctors sooner or later.

C．It may give patients incorrect treatment.

D．It is of great help in diagnosing illnesses.

3. What can we infer about the 64-year-old man mentioned in the text?

A．He lives on his own.

B．He lives a healthy lifestyle.

C．He suffers from a rare disease.

D．He is a regular visitor to the hospital.

4. How did the author support his/her idea in Paragraphs 6—9?

A．By giving an example.

B．By making comparisons.

C．By providing explanations.

D．By showing facts and opinions.

5. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To introduce some medical tools.

B．To advise doctors to get to know patients better.

C．To describe the development of medical science.

D．To show the importance of machines in medical operations.

7 . Jennifer Udler was in the middle of a 50-minute session with a patient when it started to rain. Walking and talking about anxiety and stress, she and her teenage patient got wet. But when they made it back indoors, Jennifer said, “Hey, look at us! We’re wet, but we got through it! Now you can use that next time you have anxiety before and during an event.” This kind of insight is key to her practice.

Jennifer, a social worker whose practice focuses on adolescents, has been a therapist(治疗师)for 20 years. For most of that time, she practiced in a traditional office, but she noticed how easy it was for her running partners to open up about their problems. After doing some research, in 2013, Jennifer founded Positive Strides Therapy, where she conducts sessions while walking outdoors. She conducts all of her sessions outdoors and in all kinds of weather.

“When somebody asks me if I specialize in walking therapy, I say, ‘No, that’s how I practice,’” Udler said. “I specialize in family systems theory. Walking in the park is just where I practice.”

Despite the lack of formal research, Jennifer believes strongly in the benefits, saying that it can be helpful. “We’ll be talking about ‘moving forward’ as we are actually moving forward on the path, building muscle memory of how they can move forward and leave the anxiety behind.”

And outdoor walking therapy doesn’t just benefit teens. Jennifer says the adults in her practice welcome the humanizing effect of taking therapy outdoors.

1. What lesson did Jennifer teach her teenage patient through the rain?

A．Rain and suffering are a part of life.	B．She is ready to help the young man.
C．We can beat our difficulty after all.	D．Rain can help us deal with our trouble.

2. What can you infer from the passage?

A．Jennifer always talks with his patients in the rain.

B．Jennifer found it easy to talk with her patients in traditional office.

C．Jennifer conducts all of her sessions outdoors in Positive Strides Therapy.

D．Jennifer specializes in walking therapy.

3. How does Jennifer feel her therapy in her reply to people’s question?

A．Doubtful.

B．Confident.

C．Unconcerned.

D．Disappointed.

4. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refers to?

A．The lack of formal research about the therapy.

B．Building physical memory of past experience.

C．Treating her teen patients in a traditional office.

D．Conducting walk-and-talk therapy for teens.

5. Why does Jennifer think her therapy will help her patients?

A．Walking outdoors is similar to managing worries.

B．Moving in the rain is a bit too difficult to tolerate.

C．The rain can make one excited and face the trouble.

D．Running in the rain or storm will make one healthy.

8 . 阅读表达

Therapy dogs are dogs that are trained to give comfort and love to people in unfortunate situations. They are often used to help people in hospitals, retirement homes, schools and disaster areas. Whether or not a dog is suitable for this line of work is based on its personality. Because therapy dogs must work with many kinds of people, such as young children or the elderly, they must have patience.

During World War II, a soldier named William Wynne found a dog abandoned (遗弃)on the battlefield. He became friends with the dog and named it Smoky. When Wynne became ill and entered a hospital, his friends brought Smoky for a visit. Smoky became so popular with the other sick soldiers in the hospital that he was allowed to stay. The doctors in the hospital used Smoky to help cheer up the patients. After the war ended, he continued to work as a therapy dog in the United States.

In the 1970s, an American nurse named Elaine Smith started a program to train therapy dogs. Smith noticed that patients in hospitals seemed to get better faster when they were around dogs. Many other doctors and nurses noticed that having animals regularly visit hospitals helped lower stress and blood pressure among patients. In the 1980s and 1990s, other animals also started to help the sick. Cats, birds and rabbits have become “therapy pets” and they are now used in many hospitals around the world.

Today, therapy pets not only help injured soldiers, but also help children with reading disabilities by providing an audience that won’t look down upon them. Some therapy pets are used to work along with the doctor to help the patient learn to walk again after a serious injury.

1. What dogs are most suitable to be therapy dogs?(No more than 5 words)
2. Why was Smoky allowed to stay in the hospital?(No more than 10 words)
3. What encouraged Elaine Smith to train and use therapy dogs?(No more than 8 words)
4. What does the underlined word “therapy” mean? (No more than 1 words)
5. What do you think of the relationship between human beings and therapy pets? Why? (No more than 25 words)

9 . Visitor Code of Conduct

Please help us maintain a healing environment for our patient. Visiting hours and policies vary throughout the hospital. Please ask a staff member about the policy on the unit you wish to visit. We ask that you comply with the following visitor rules;

• Do not visit if you are sick (fever, cough, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting) or have been exposed to chicken pox (水痘) or other contagious (传染的) illness within the past three weeks.

• Clean your hands each time you enter and leave the patient’s room.

• Follow isolation precautions (隔离预防措施) that are posted on the patient’s door.

• You must wear shoes and shirts at all times. Clothing must be clean and neat.

• Visitors are limited to two per patient each time.

• Do not use waiting rooms on a unit if you are not visiting a patient in that unit.

• Waiting rooms are not for overnight stays.

• Children must have adult supervision (监护) at all times and must be respectful of the hospital’s healing environment. Some units do not allow children’s visiting.

You will be asked to leave for violating (违反) any of the above rules or for the followings:

• Your behavior creates a risk to patients, families or staff.

• You appear to be ill.

• You refuse to follow isolation precautions.

• You are not respectful or considerate of others.

• You fail to supervise children.

If you believe someone is violating these rules, or you need assistance, please notify security by dialing 7363 on the hospital phones or 813-844-7363 on your mobile phone. Security is available at all times.

Waiting areas are monitored at all times by a security video camera.

1. According to the passage, you should ________ before you visit a unit in the hospital.

A．make an appointment	B．ask permission from the doctor
C．check the visiting policy	D．ring up the patient first

2. The underlined phrase “comply with” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________ .

A．study

B．obey

C．discover

D．pass

3. If a child wants to visit the patient, he/she should________.

A．stay at the waiting room of any unit	B．create a new environment for patients
C．refuse to follow isolation precautions	D．be supervised at all times

4. According to the code, visitors are allowed to ________ .

A．visit patients in group of two	B．touch patient equipment
C．stay overnight in the waiting room	D．change into slippers in the patient room

5. What can be concluded from the text?

A．Children can go to visit patients by themselves.

B．If you seem to be ill, you can still visit the patients unless it is contagious.

C．Visitors who violate the rules will not be allowed to visit again.

D．You can ask for security’s help at any time.

10 . Heart disease is one of the major killers in the world today. Many who suffer from it must have heart transplants(移植). However, it's difficult to get a suitable heart donation, and even if a patient survives the wait, his or her body often rejects the heart.

But there is now new hope for sufferers of heart disease. According to a study published in the journal Advanced Science, researchers from Israel's Tel Aviv University printed a 3D human heart on April 15, 2019.

“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart,” Professor Tal Dvir told CNN.

Unlike the previous 3D-printed heart structure, the new heart is complete with cells, blood vessels(血管), chambers(心室) and other structures a heart needs to function normally. But scientists still have more to figure out before the 3D-printed heart can be fitted into the body. For one thing, the experimental heart is only the size of a thumb. And, although it can contract(收缩) like a muscle, it cannot pump out blood like a real one. At present, the heart prototype(样品) is like a tiny airplane that has all of the right parts, but can't fly.

However, the development is still regarded as a major breakthrough in medicine.

In the experiment, the researchers turned human fat tissue(脂肪组织) into human heart tissue with stem cell(干细胞) technology. The tissue was then turned into “bio-ink” for a 3D printer to ensure that tissue in the heart came from the patients themselves. So ideally, if it were to be placed in the body of someone in need of a transplant, there would be less risk of organ rejection.

“Patients will no longer have to wait for transplants or take medications to prevent their rejection,” researchers told USA Today. “Instead, the needed heart will be printed, fully personalized(个性化的) for every patient.”

“Maybe, in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world and these procedures will be conducted routinely,” Dvir said.

1. Why is the 3D-printed heart important?

A．It will be used on a patient.	B．It is the first 3D-printed heart.
C．It will replace a heart donation.	D．It has a complete heart structure.

2. What problem do 3D-printed hearts have?

A．They cost too much.	B．They are too small.
C．They can't contract.	D．They are hard to produce.

3. Why would there be less risk of organ rejection with the 3D-printed heart?

A．It would be made with stem cell technology.

B．It would be made from human fat tissue.

C．It would come from a patient's body.

D．It would be printed according to the patient's condition.