1 . People in Australia have been really cautious about using natural or alternative treatments compared to other places, according to Dr. Paul Laver, a professor at the University of Sydney. He thinks this is because doctors in Australia have always been very powerful, and they are unwilling to let others take their place. In many other countries, regular treatments and these alternative treatments have worked closely together for a long time. For example, in Germany, medicines made from plants account for 10%of the country’s medicine sales. In the United States, more people visited these alternative therapists (治疗专家) than regular doctors in 1990.

During the past 20 years, more people in Australia have started to like these alternative treatments. In a 1983 national health survey, 1.9% of people say they had contacted alternative therapists like chiropractors or herbalists. By 1990, this figure had risen to 2.6% of the population. Rather than criticizing this trend, increasing numbers of doctors in Australia, especially the younger ones, are starting to work with alternative therapists or take courses themselves, particularly in acupuncture and herbalism. Part of the motivation was financial, Dr Laver said. The bottom line is that most doctors don’t want to lose patients. If they see potential patients going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.

In 1993, Dr. Laver did a survey in Sydney and found that people who went to alternative health therapists were usually those who hadn’t been helped much by regular medicine. These people liked the holistic approach of their alternative therapists, and the friendly, concerned and detailed attention they had received, which they didn’t always get from regular doctors.

The survey suggested that people visited alternative therapists for various problems like muscle pains, stomach issues, and emotional stress etc. It suggested that calling it “complementary medicine” might be better because people use it alongside regular medicine, d especially when regular medicine doesn’t seem to help.

1. Traditionally, how have Australian doctors differed from doctors in other countries?

A．They’ve resisted alternative therapists.

B．They’ve provided alternative medicines.

C．They’ve worked with alternative therapists.

D．They’ve had less power than alternative therapists.

2. Due to the increasing popularity of alternative treatments in Australia, ________.

A．doctors’ salaries are decreasing	B．younger doctors are in more demand
C．doctors are receiving more complaints	D．doctors are choosing to learn new skills

3. Why would people turn to alternative therapies rather than regular doctors?

A．Regular doctors were not available in their area.

B．People received more care from alternative therapists.

C．Alternative therapists had better medical equipment.

D．People paid much higher expenses for regular doctors.

4. What’s the best title for this passage?

A．Challenges Faced by Regular Doctors

B．The Rise of Alternative Therapies in Australia

C．Financial Motivation Behind Doctors’ Choices

D．The Development of Medical Practices Worldwide

2 . Occasionally, doctors become patients too. While I wouldn’t wish ill-health on anyone, it can be an inspiring lesson for medical professionals to suddenly be on the other side.

This happened to me a few months ago when I had a kidney stone, which had decided to make its unwelcome presence known in a rather romantic fashion just as I was going out for dinner. The pain came from absolutely nowhere but within minutes I was incapacitated. I was quite taken aback by how astonishingly painful it was.

As a doctor, I initially refused to believe that anything was seriously wrong, because I have witnessed countless individuals come to the emergency room convinced they are dying only for nothing more than trapped wind and then creep (蹑手蹑脚) out as they burp (打嗝) loudly and the pain disappears. However, the unbearable pain continued to exist, forcing me to acknowledge that this was indeed more than just a stubborn burp,

I was particularly pleased to read afterwards in a medical textbook that renal colic, as the pain is known, is the “most painful event a person can endure, often described as being worse than childbirth”. It’s no wonder chronic (慢性的) pain drives people mad. While doctors talk about pain and its management, it’s hard to put into words how exhausting it really is until you’ve experienced it for yourself.

During my time in hospital, I interacted with numerous doctors, each exhibiting professionalism and kindness but one stuck out in my mind. He was actually the most junior of them all, but something about his manner was incredibly calming and comforting. Whenever he came to my bed to speak to me, he knelt down so he was at my eye level. This simple act rid me of the stress that other healthcare professionals unintentionally projected. Just kneeling down made all the difference.

Experiencing the role reversal of doctor-turned-patient provided me with profound insights into the realities of pain and effective patient care.

1. What does the underlined phrase taken aback in paragraph 2 mean?

A．Shocked.

B．Impressed.

C．Annoyed.

D．Moved.

2. What did the author initially think of those patients in the emergency room?

A．Pitiful.

B．Understandable.

C．Embarrassing.

D．Ridiculous.

3. What impressed the author most during his stay in hospital?

A．The intense pain caused by the kidney stone.	B．A small gesture bringing ease and relief.
C．Stress caused by the healthcare workers.	D．Doctors with professionalism and kindness.

4. What lesson did the author learn from this experience?

A．Experience must be bought.	B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Put yourself in someone else’s shoes.	D．Health is not valued till sickness comes.

4 . A new medicine developed in China has been recently introduced, which is expected to significantly enhance the prevention and control of malaria in Africa. Compared with the previous medicines, this latest medicine is not only more efficient but also easier to administer. Its introduction is anticipated to result in a sharp decline in the number of deaths caused by malaria.

In case studies conducted in Kenya, second-generation artesunate(青蒿琥酯) for injection, developed by Chinese medicine company Fosun Pharma, has proved highly effective in treating severe malaria in children, Kenyan health experts said.

In addition, the new drug—produced under the brand name Argesun—can be easier and faster to prepare, and safer to inject, than its previous generation, which was produced under the name Artesun, and which was widely used in dozens of countries for more than10 years.

“We think that this is a very good development. It is really going to cut our rate of deaths and also the complications caused by malaria,” Walter Otieno said, a Kenyan Medical researcher.

Argesun was pre-qualified by the World Health Organization in June and has been registered in 18 African countries, according to Fosun Pharma.

Both Artesun and Argesun are innovative antimalarial drugs based on artemisinin (青蒿素), which was discovered by Nobel Prize winner Tu Youyou in the 1970s,and which has made significant contributions to malaria control and prevention in the world during the past two decades.

Wu Yifang, chairman of Fosun Pharma, said the company recognized the strategic value of antimalarial drugs based on artemisinin and restructured its sub company Guilin Pharmaceutical in 2004 to start introducing the drugs to the international market. Its first antimalarial drug entered Africa in 2007,and the company launched a training program for front-line medical workers in Africa in 2014.

“To win the battle against malaria, we have to get rid of it worldwide,” Wu said, adding that the company is pushing to transform its antimalarial drugs from “made in China and used in Africa” to “made in Africa and used in Africa”, in order to increase the accessibility and affordability of the drugs there.

1. What is the advantage of Argesun compared with Artesun?

A．It is originally based on artemisinin.	B．It is user-friendly for doctors and nurses.
C．It has been widely used for over 20 years.	D．It is much cheaper for patients in Africa.

2. Why did Fosun Pharma restructure its subcompany in Guilin?

A．To enter the African market.	B．To train the doctors and nurses in Africa.
C．To spread its antimalarial drugs worldwide.	D．To learn the strategic value of antimalarial drugs.

3. How can Africans use antimalarial drugs more easily according to Wu Yifang?

A．By producing the drugs in Africa.	B．By lowering the price of the drugs.
C．By winning the battle against malaria.	D．By changing the way of transportation.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Africa Sees New Hope in Malaria Fight	B．Artemisinin Meets A New Advancement
C．African People Are Suffering from Malaria	D．Chinese Medicine Company Hit Aftican Market

5 . Healthy human skin is covered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick to settle in an open wound. To prevent these organisms from spreading through the body, which can permanently injure or kill a person, the infected wound may need to be cleaned and treated with antibiotics. Medical professionals typically identify infections by unwrapping and observing a wound or by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and conducting a laboratory test. But removing a wound dressing can slow down the healing process. Plus, observations are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.

To address these issues, some research teams are developing devices that sit under bandages and continuously monitor indirect signs of infection, such as changes in wound temperature or acidity. And scientists at the National University of Singapore have now created an even more direct infection sensor.

This sensor can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infection indicator because disease-causing bacteria produce it in large amounts inside wounds, whereas bacteria on healthy skin do not—so testing for the substance reduces the chance of a false positive result. Furthermore, DNase builds up before other infection signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infection detection on wounds” (WINDOW) sensor, was detailed in Science Advances.

WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely on a material called DNAgel. There searchers developed a particular kind of DNAgel that remains stable in watery environments, such as the human body, but begins to break down in the presence of DNase. They connected this gel (凝胶) to a chip that senses when the gel responds by sending a signal to a smartphone.

Thus far, the team has exposed the DNAgel to wound swabs from 18 people’s wounds to see how much the material degraded in the presence of the bacteria. There searchers also used the device on six living lab mice whose wounds were exposed to the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infections.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．The harm of common wounds.

B．The treatment of infected wounds.

C．The intervention on wound healing.

D．The dilemma of infection observation.

2. How does the WINDOW sensor detect infections?

A．By comparing wound acidity.

B．By detecting the DNase enzyme.

C．By measuring the bacteria amount.

D．By observing changes in wound color.

3. What can we expect of the WINDOW sensor in the future?

A．It will cut down the length of infection-treating.

B．It could reduce the cost of infection observation.

C．It can monitor wounds continuously and remotely.

D．It might help conduct laboratory tests on wounds.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Innovations in Wound Infection Detection

B．Removing the Dangers of Open Wounds

C．Recognizing the Role of DNase in Healing

D．Challenges in Wound Care and Treatment

6 . Wisdom teeth won’t make you smarter.    1     These teeth are in the very back of your mouth, two on top and two on the bottom as part of a complete set of 32 adult teeth.

Wisdom teeth often cause problems due to their late eruption and limited space in jaws. As a result, they may become impacted, meaning they are unable to fully emerge from the gums (牙龈). This impaction can give rise to various issues, including pain and crowding of nearby teeth.    2    .

Before the surgery, dentists will carefully evaluate your specific situation to determine the most appropriate approach. During the procedure, dentists will numb (麻醉) your gum to ensure minimal pain.    3    After that, they’ll clean the area and pack it with cotton to stop bleeding.

    4    Everyone responds differently. In general, you can expect mild discomfort, slight bleeding, facial swelling (肿), and other common complications following the surgery, as your mouth needs a few weeks to completely recover.

Here are some tips for proper healing. Leave cotton in place for about 30 minutes and hold a cold pack against your jaw to reduce pain immediately after surgery. For the following days, don’t consume hard spicy food like nuts and peppers.    5    That way, your teeth won’t hurt when you eat and food bits won’t get stuck in your mouth.

A．How long does the surgery usually last?

B．Stick to soft food or liquid diets instead.

C．Mild saltwater is good for mouth wounds.

D．What happens after wisdom teeth removal?

E．They will then use tools to loosen the tooth and pull it out.

F．They’re called that because they usually come in when you get older.

G．To prevent or address these problems, many dentists decide on wisdom teeth removal.

7 . Brynn Schulte nearly died two times when she was a baby. At one point she needed emergency surgery for bleeding in her brain. No one knew what was wrong. Then, a test that looked at her full genetic details found a rare bleeding disorder. Catching the disorder early saved her life. “You have this hopeless feeling when you don’t really know what’s going on,” said her father, Mike Schulte. He noted that the test made a difference in finding the cause and   “getting her the right care that she needed almost immediately”.

Brynn, now 4, got the genetic testing as part of a clinical trial, the results of which were published recently in The Journal of the American Medical Association. Testing all of the details of a person’s genes is called “whole genome” testing. Whole genome tests are much better than narrowly targeted tests when it comes to finding genetic differences, called abnormalities, which can cause disease. The study found 49 percent of these abnormalities, compared to 27 percent with more commonly used tests targeting only some genetic diseases.

Whole genome tests could solve the problem of doing several narrowly targeted tests on babies, which still might not find the disorder. Experts warn there are some problems because labs vary in how they understand results. Also, whole genome tests are more expensive and less likely to be covered by insurance.

But researchers hope that whole genome tests will at some point be used for millions of hospitalized babies with rare and difficult conditions. The US National Human Genome Research Institute has found that around 350 million people around the world live with rare disorders. And it found that about 80 percent of the more than 7,000 conditions are genetic.

1. How did Mike Schulte feel about the test?

A．Proud.

B．Grateful.

C．Unclear.

D．Hopeless.

2. In finding genetic diseases,          .

A．narrowly targeted tests are easier

B．commonly used tests take longer

C．whole genome tests focus on babies

D．whole genome tests are more accurate

3. What disadvantage do whole genome tests have?

A．They cost a lot.

B．The process is complex.

C．The disorder might not be found.

D．Their results are hard to understand.

4. Where is the text most likely found?

A．In a blog.	B．In a medical record,
C．In a newspaper.	D．In a letter.

8 . Desperately ill and seeking a miracle, David Bennett Sr. took the last bet on Jan. 7. when be became the first human to be successfully transplanted with the heart of a pig. “It creates the beat; it creates the pressure; it is his heart,” declared Bartley Griffith, director of the surgical team that performed the operation at the University of Maryland Medical Center.

Bennett, 57, held on through 60 tomorrows, far longer than any previous patient who’d received a heart from another species. His remarkable run offered new hope that such procedures, known as xenotransplantation (异种移植), could help relieve the shortage of replacement organs, saving thousands of lives each year.

The earliest attempts at xenotransplantation of organs, involving kidneys from rabbits, goats, and other animals, occurred in the early 20th century, decades before the first successful human-to-human transplants. Rejection, which occurs when the recipient’s body system recognizes the donor organ as a foreign object and attacks it, followed within hours or days. Results improved after some special drugs arrived in the 1960s, but most recipients still died after a few weeks. The record for a heart xenotransplant was set in 1983, when an infant named Baby Fae survived for 20 days with an organ from a baboon (狒狒).

In recent years, however, advances in gene editing have opened a new possibility: re-edit some genes in animals to provide user-friendly spare parts. Pigs could be ideal for this purpose, because they’re easy to raise and reach adult human size in months. Some biotech companies. including Revivicor, are investing heavily in the field. The donor pig was offered by Revivicor from a line of animals in which 10 genes had been re-edited to improve the heart’s condition. Beyond that, the pig was raised in isolation and tested regularly for viruses that could infect humans or damage the organ itself.

This medical breakthrough provided an alternative for the 20% of patients on the heart transplant waiting list who die while waiting or become too sick to be a good candidate.

1. What does the underlined word “run” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Donating his heart to a patient.

B．Performing the heart operation.

C．Living for 60 days after the operation.

D．Receiving a new heart from a pig.

2. Which aspect of xenotransplantation does paragraph 3 mainly focus on?

A．Its history.

B．Its procedure.

C．Its consequence.

D．Its significance.

3. What makes pigs ideal for providing spare parts in xenotransplantation?

A．Their growth rate and health condition.

B．Their life pattern and resistance to viruses.

C．Their easiness of keeping and rapid growth.

D．Their investment value and natural qualities.

4. Why was Bennett’s operation regarded as a breakthrough?

A．It introduced new medications to prevent organ rejection.

B．It proved the potential for using organs from various animals.

C．It guaranteed a sufficient supply of donor pigs for transplants.

D．It offered a prospect of replacement organs through gene editing.

9 . When Philip Santini noticed an infection, he contacted his primary care physician, Jane Chargot, M. D., and she gave him some medicine.

However, test results showed that he wasn’t recovering. Over the phone, Santini was told he would need to go to the hospital to get infusions (输液) three times a day for a week. He was packed and ready to head out to the hospital when he received another phone call. An alternative plan was suggested instead — Hospital Care at Home.

Care at Home, a Michigan Medicine program which improves the patient experience while freeing up hospital beds, has already admitted and transferred more than 50 patients from the emergency department and inpatient hospital to receive hospital level care from the comfort of their own homes.

Santini was the first direct registration patient for this program, meaning he never presented to the hospital initially. It was no surprise that there was a celebration for this milestone.

“I was ready to head out to the emergency department,” said Santini, who even had a list of things to take when he got a call from Stephanie Paran, R. N., a nurse at U-M Briarwood Family Medicine. “Hearing Paran’s words, I sprang to my feet and didn’t hesitate to accept the advice.”

Although he initially didn’t know what to expect, he later said what the care team did was far beyond his expectations, especially the caregivers. The staff gave him infusions three times a day for six days. They took his regular medications away, just like how they would in a hospital. They checked the infection, drew blood and even brought in an ultrasound machine. “I didn’t know that was possible,” Santini said. After discharge, a Michigan Visiting Nurse visited once a week until he completely recovered.

Santini believed treatment at home has helped the healing process. “I’ve never felt really comfortable in the hospital,” he said. “It’s hard to get good sleep there. At home I had my own food, my own bed, plus my wife is here. No one has to go out of their way to visit me. It’s a healthier experience. I would encourage anyone to consider it.”

1. What is the advantage of Care at Home?

A．It can reduce the patients’ expenses.

B．It can lessen the pressure on hospitals.

C．It can avoid the waste of medical resources.

D．It can improve the doctor-patient relationship.

2. How did Santini feel when hearing of Care at Home?

A．Hesitant.

B．Upset.

C．Excited.

D．Curious.

3. What can we infer about Care at Home from Paragraph 6?

A．It offers professional service.	B．It is much better than hospital.
C．It can make impossible possible.	D．It only provides one-week treatment.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．A Cure for Common Infection	B．A Tendency in Family Health
C．The Popularity of Medical Care	D．Hospital Level Care at Home

10 . Imagine a future where science has created your twin. Not a flesh-and-blood twin, but one that recreates your flesh and blood, your bones, your heart, your brain — your whole body, in fact — as an extremely complicated computer model.

Your doctors can use this digital twin to work out how you will respond to a particular drug or medical procedure. They can even look further into the future, creating a “healthcast”, to forecast what diseases might happen to you or how your lifestyle will affect your health as you age. It is the ultimate in personalized medicine. This is the bold vision set out in Virtual You: How building your digital twin will revolutionize medicine and change your life by Peter Coveney, director of the Centre for Computational Science, and Roger Highfield, science director of the Science Museum Group, UK.

Digital twins are already in widespread use in industries such as civil engineering. But these model systems are much simpler than the complex human body. Imagine all the parts that come together to make you work: from the 3 billion letters of your genome (基因组), the numerous molecules (分子) that make up your cells, the trillions of cells building your tissues and organs, and the environment having its input too. Now, imagine trying to create a model of this that is made to each unique individual and that predicts the changes that will take place over a lifetime. This is easier said than done. Changes in the systems biologists want to describe are usually different from what mathematicians describe as “non-linear” (非线性的). Another complication is “emergence”: where the whole of a system is greater than the sum of its parts. This complexity challenges mathematics and pushes computing to the limit too.

But getting to the next level — a whole human individual — is going to require yet more data and a revolution in computing technology far beyond what is currently possible. Whether we will get there is an open question, but Virtual You shows us what scientists from different fields can achieve when they all work together.

1. What be learned about your science-made twin according to Paragraph 1?

A．Your twin looks just like you.

B．Your twin knows your thoughts.

C．Your twin exists on the computer.

D．Your twin is created out of your DNA.

2. Why is it difficult to build a digital twin?

A．Human body is more complicated than models.

B．Digital twins are not widely used in industries.

C．Scientists lack enough data in building it.

D．Mathematicians and biologists hold different opinions.

3. What’s the author’s attitude towards the idea of a digital twin?

A．Optimistic.

B．Uncertain.

C．Unconcerned.

D．Skeptical.

4. What is the purpose of this text?

A．To stress the necessity of digital twins.

B．To show the effects of digital twins on future health.

C．To explain the building of digital twins in health.

D．To introduce new treatments for diseases in the future.