1 . Chinese researchers have revealed the anti-cancer characteristic of neutrophils (中性粒细胞) — a type of white blood cells—and the related molecular regulation mechanism, providing new insights into cancer diagnosis and treatment. The discovery, made by researchers at the Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection under the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Fudan University, was published in Cell on Tuesday.
Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the human body. As the first line of defence against infections, they play a key role in anti-infection immunity. The researchers collected neutrophils from 143 patients with 17 different types of cancer and analyzed them. They revealed that neutrophils can adopt at least 10 highly specialized and distinct functional states related to inflammation (炎症) , blood vessel formation and—most excitingly—presenting antigens (抗体) to activate powerful cancer-killing T cells.
“We were surprised to find such complexity and different roles within neutrophils, which have been ignored for so long,” said Zhang Xiaoming, a researcher at the Institute. “What is especially remarkable is their newly discovered capacity to act as antigen-presenting cells, gathering T cells against cancer. In addition, the abundance of antigen-presenting neutrophils is associated with improved condition across many cancer types revealed in this study,” he said.
“This completely changes how we perceive neutrophils in the context of cancer,” said Gao Qiang, a professor at Fudan University. “Now we know we could employ the diverse hidden identities of neutrophils to strengthen the effectiveness of immunotherapy (免疫疗法). We’re thrilled to further explore the potential benefits of these newly uncovered mechanisms in clines.”
The study emphasizes the value of single-cell sequencing approaches to reveal new functional dimension even within seemingly well-understood immune cells. Tapping into the hidden potential of neutrophils may provide new insights into cancer diagnosis and treatment.
1. How was the anti-cancer function of neutrophils discovered?| A．By referring to previous research. |
| B．By collecting and analyzing data. |
| C．By seeking guidance from experts. |
| D．By observing patients with inflammation. |
| A．Getting together T cells when needed. |
| B．Preventing the formation of antigens. |
| C．Speeding up the blood flow. |
| D．Distinguishing different types of cancer. |
| A．Positive. | B．Doubtful. | C．Worried. | D．Unclear. |
| A．Blood Cells Successfully Fight Against Severe Cancer |
| B．China Makes Great Progress in Fighting Against Diseases |
| C．Further Research Is Needed to Fight Against Cancer |
| D．Researchers Discover New Cancer-fighting Mechanism |
2 . Acupuncture (针灸) is a traditional Chinese medical practice of treating various physical and mental conditions. It won respect and interest in the United States after New York Times reporter James Reston visited China with President Nixon and needed an operation.
Chinese doctors used acupuncture on James after surgery (外科手术) to reduce his pain, and his recovery was quick. Curious about this, James was allowed to watch surgery on patients who received acupuncture for anesthesia (麻醉). Patients talked with their doctors during the operation and then walked back to their rooms on their own.
Acupuncture left James such a deep impression that he wrote a front-page article in New York Times about his operation upon returning to the United States. “A leading medical expert sent by Premier Zhou Enlai removed my appendix (阑尾). I was awake in the whole process.”
The National Institutes of Health began to organize some of their top doctors to visit China to investigate acupuncture and its possible functions in western medicine. With years going by, acupuncture has become popular across the world with magical effect.
1. What did James Reston do?| A．A reporter. | B．A doctor. | C．A translator. | D．A scientist. |
| A．Receive. | B．Study. | C．Create. | D．Develop. |
| A．It is a traditional Chinese medical practice. |
| B．It treats physical and mental conditions. |
| C．It is a kind of surgery to reduce pain. |
| D．It is popular for its magical effect. |
3 . Physical weakness, lack of energy, severe hair loss, and pain in the neck, are more common among young people recently. More people are now turning to TCM for help, which stands for traditional Chinese medicine.
Wang Louda, 30, who works in the social media industry, has gained a new respect for TCM after suffering from cervical(颈椎) pain.
Six months ago, while driving home from work, Wang suddenly felt weakness in his left arm. He thought it was due to the hard work he was doing and that a good rest over the weekend would relieve it.
However, the situation worsened after a week. He had no choice but to go to the hospital for an examination, which showed something wrong with his cervical.
A friend recommended that he try acupuncture(针灸). After over a month of treatment with TCM, his pain had gradually disappeared.
“TCM is relatively gentle and suitable for treating chronic (慢性的) diseases,” Wang says.
Modern people, due to the endless use of mobile phones and computers, spend up to 10 hours a day sitting to study or work. This sedentary lifestyle, lacking in enough physical activity, means that the muscles and bones cannot receive enough relaxation and exercise, gradually leading to damage. Problems such as neck pain, shoulder pain, back pain, and leg pain are becoming increasingly common.
Yao Jingyi, who works at a TCM clinic in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, has been engaged in the clinic for over 30 years. He is skilled in treating sports injuries, cervical pain, and chronic diseases.
“Acupuncture is one of the treasures of traditional Chinese medicine,” Yao explains.
According to him, the ancient practice of acupuncture woks well in treating “modern illnesses”, such as headache, backache and cervical pain.
1. How did Wang Louda recover from cervical pain?| A．By taking enough exercise. |
| B．By visiting clinics of TCM. |
| C．By taking his friend’s medicine. |
| D．By having good rests every day. |
| A．The lack of sleep. |
| B．Endless use of Mobile phones. |
| C．Long hours’ sitting. |
| D．Enough relaxation and exercise. |
| A．Inactive. | B．Unusual. | C．Flexible. | D．Common. |
| A．The history of traditional Chinese medical treatment. |
| B．An advertisement for traditional Chinese medicine. |
| C．The modern popularity of traditional Chinese treatment. |
| D．The future development of Chinese acupuncture. |
4 . Acupuncture (针灸) is a traditional Chinese medical practice of treating various physical and mental (心理的) conditions. It won respect and interest in the United States after New York Times reporter James Reston visited China with President Nixon and needed an operation. Chinese doctors used acupuncture on James after surgery (外科手术) to reduce his pain, and his recovery was quick. Curious about this, James was allowed to watch surgery on patients who received acupuncture for anesthesia (麻醉). Patients talked with their doctors during the operation and then walked back to their rooms on their own.
The effectiveness of acupuncture left James such a deep impression that he wrote a front- page article in New York Times about his operation upon returning to the United States. “A leading medical expert sent by Premier Chou En-lai removed my appendix (阑尾). I was awake in the whole process. ”
The National Institutes of Health began to organize some of their top doctors to visit China to investigate acupuncture and its possible functions in western medicine. With years going by, acupuncture has become popular across the world with magical effect.
1. What’s the main idea of this text?| A．The features of acupuncture. | B．The development of acupuncture. |
| C．The functions of acupuncture. | D．The spreading of acupuncture. |
| A．It is a traditional Chinese medical practice. |
| B．It treats physical and mental conditions. |
| C．It is a kind surgery to reduce pain. |
| D．It is popular for its magical effect. |
| A．He wasn’t awake during the operation. |
| B．He received acupuncture for anesthesia. |
| C．He was then President of the United States. |
| D．He introduced acupuncture in New York Times. |
| A．Spread. | B．Study. | C．Introduce. | D．Develop. |
5 . When it comes to medical care, many patients and doctors believe “more is better”. But what they do not realize is that over-treatment-too many scans too many blood tests too many procedures (步骤) -may bring harm.
Terrence Power, for example, complained that after his wife learned she had Wegener’s disease, they found it difficult to refuse testing suggested by her doctor. The doctor insisted on office visits every three weeks, even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays, and repeatedly referred her to specialists for even minor complaints (疾病). Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered and she was hospitalized as prevention when she developed a cold. She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30, 000 a year for her care.
After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in online support groups. “It’s a really hard thing to determine when they’ve crossed the line,” Mr. Power said. “You think she’s getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?” Mr. Power then spoke with his own main care doctor who advised him to find a new specialist to oversee (监视) Mrs. Power’s care. Under the new doctor’s care, the regular testing stopped and Mrs. Power’s condition became stable.
Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.
1. What do many patients and doctors believe?| A．Less is better. | B．More is better. | C．More may not be better. |
| A．Every week. | B．Every two weeks. | C．Every three weeks |
| A．Be sent to a hospital. |
| B．Be sent to home |
| C．Be sent to a church. |
| A．After knowing about other patients treatment. |
| B．After having many doctor visits during one six-month period. |
| C．After discussing with other patients in online support groups. |
6 . Acupuncture (针灸) is a traditional Chinese medical practice of treating various physical and mental conditions. It won respect and interest in the United States after New York Times reporter James Reston visited China with President Nixon and needed an operation.
Chinese doctors used acupuncture on James after surgery (外科手术) to reduce his pain, and his recovery was quick. Curious about this, James was allowed to watch surgery on patients who received acupuncture for anesthesia (麻醉). Patients talked with their doctors during the operation and then walked back to their rooms on their own.
Acupuncture left James such a deep impression that he wrote a front-page article in New York Times about his operation upon returning to the United States. “A leading medical expert sent by Premier Zhou Enlai removed my appendix (阑尾). I was awake in the whole process.”
The National Institutes of Health began to organize some of their top doctors to visit China to investigate acupuncture and its possible functions in western medicine. With years going by, acupuncture has become popular across the world with magical effect.
1. What did James Reston do?| A．A reporter. | B．A doctor. | C．A translator. | D．A scientist. |
| A．It is a traditional Chinese medical practice. |
| B．It treats physical and mental conditions. |
| C．It is a kind of surgery to reduce pain. |
| D．It is popular for its magical effect. |
| A．Receive. | B．Study. | C．Create. | D．Develop. |
| A．The Features of Acupuncture | B．The Development of Acupuncture |
| C．The History of Acupuncture | D．The Spreading of Acupuncture |
7 . It might seem like something from a science fiction movie, but scientists today are working on ways to combine certain kinds of bacteria with tiny robots. Scientists want to use these creations to improve the way we give medical treatment. They claim that drug therapy (疗法), disease diagnosis, and even surgery could be greatly aided by the use of nanobiotechnology. Nano-means “tiny”, and bio-means “life”. This tiny technology will use living organisms in combination with electronics.
Electronics makers already use tiny robots to build complex but very tiny circuits. Medical scientists want to use these robots to repair patients’ damaged organs or to direct medicines to affect specific cells. For example, tiny robots could be engineered to deliver chemotherapy (化疗) directly to cancer instead of to the entire body.
Existing electronics are the right size, but they lack practical use. Robots that can be built small enough to enter a person’s cells would be too tiny to move on their own. Therefore, scientists want to use tiny organisms such as bacteria to act as vehicles for the robots. The bacteria will be “driven” through the bloodstream by magnetic pulses (磁脉冲). Once the bacteria are in the correct locations, the robots will be able to do their jobs. In theory, these robots will cause less damage to the body than traditional methods of delivering medicines or performing surgeries.
Nanobiotechnology has yet to be put into practice, but many people already have concerns about its use. Some people worry about the ethic (道德标准) involved with controlling live organisms—and the possible side effects for their human hosts.
1. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?| A．The application of tiny robots. | B．The influence of tiny robots. |
| C．The operation of tiny robots. | D．The origin of tiny robots. |
| A．Cheaper medicine. | B．Less harm to the body. |
| C．Longer life expectancy. | D．Faster performance of surgeries. |
| A．can locate he bacteria. | B．are driven by medicine. |
| C．can act as vehicles. | D．are carried by bacteria. |
| A．A computer textbok | B．A life magazine |
| C．A science magazine | D．A biology textbook |
8 . Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) has been greatly contributing to the treatment of the COVID-19, which changed the altitude of the western world to it to some extent. However, in the past, foreigners knew little about it. According to a government report, although TCM has been introduced into 183 countries and regions around the world, their understanding of TCM may be limited to acupuncture(针灸), cupping and massage(按摩) .For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on a U. S. famous swimmers back from cupping to relax his muscles and reduce pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
In fact, Chinese herbs(药草) play a more important role in curing diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. Therefore, it is disappointing to know that although 103 world Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM is much less popular than Western medicine partly due to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs can be made into pills, powder and soup. The kind of herbs used, their quality, quantity and the processing together determine the effectiveness of the prescription (处方). Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization. The chemical composition and functions of its medicine are still unclear and their effects are unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades and a number of factories are increasingly producing patented TCM drugs.
Another reason why TCM prescription drugs have developed slowly is that it lacks creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicine according to prescriptions handed down from the past. That Chinese chemist Tu Yoyo won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria(痢疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry.
However, Rome was not built in a day. The current situation cannot be changed within a short time.
1. Why did the US swimmer attract the audience's attention in the 2016 Rio Olympics?| A．The injury on his back. | B．The golden cup he won in the games. |
| C．His relaxed muscles and reduced pain. | D．The purple, injury-like marks left on his back. |
| A．Set standards and improve creativity. |
| B．Increase functions and decrease production. |
| C．Increase functions and improve creativity. |
| D．Set standards and create more prescriptions. |
| A．Anxious. | B．Negative. |
| C．Disappointed. | D．Positive. |
| A．acupuncture treatment is effective | B．cupping can cure some diseases |
| C．massage can relax body muscles | D．herbs can keep the body in good condition |
What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt?
Broken bones: Take away clothing from the wound. Use an ice pack. Don’t move the hurt body part
Fainting (昏厥): Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little. Don’t move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall. Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air.
Nosebleeds: Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted (倾斜) forward a little. Do not have the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing.
| A. Animal bites B. Pinch (捏) the nose for at least 10 minutes C. while waiting for the doctor to arrive D. Clean his or her face with a cool cloth at the same time E. Here are some steps you should follow |
10 . If doctors want to test you for something, they’ll usually take a blood or urine sample. But wouldn’t it be much more convenient if they just asked you to breathe through a special instrument?
In fact, your breath can say a lot about you. In traditional Chinese medicine, doctors draw a conclusion about the health state of a patient based on the smell of his or her breath; trained dogs and rats can identify the smells of the breaths of people suffering from certain cancers; traffic police also monitor drivers’ alcohol consumption by testing their breaths.
Just like blood and urine, your breath contains lots of “metabolites” —the waste chemicals that the body produces, which vary from person to person. They are like personal health fingerprints, which is why scientists sometimes call them “breathprints”, according to Science Daily.
Compared to blood or urine testing, breath testing takes only seconds instead of hours, and it requires neither a needle nor a container to hold the body fluids(液). This means the test can be taken frequently to better detect early signs of diseases and monitor the progress of a medical treatment.
On the other hand, as an identifier, you might think that breaths are not as reliable as fingerprints since they might change based on what you eat. However, researchers in Zurich, Switzerland mapped 11 healthy volunteers’ chemical patterns by having them breathe through a special instrument, and they found that each pattern was unique and the patterns didn’t change much throughout the day, reported BBC.
“Our goal is to develop breath analysis to the point where it becomes competitive with the established analysis of blood and urine,” said Malcolm Kohler, professor at the University Hospital Zurich.
1. According to the text we know that______.| A．breath varies from person to person based on food |
| B．your breath may give you away if you are not careful |
| C．doctors can test one’s breath to find about his illness |
| D．trained dogs can identify people with certain cancers |
| A．comfortable and convincing | B．traditional and reliable |
| C．accurate and competitive | D．quick and convenient |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Approving. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Worried. |
| A．Breath testing is reliable and may have a bright future. |
| B．Blood or urine testing will be less used in medical treatment. |
| C．Doctors have found the best way to detect early signs of diseases. |
| D．Traditional Chinese medicine is becoming more and more popular. |
