Bacteriophages (phages) and other mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exert an immense selective pressure on     1    (bacterium), which in response have developed a broad arsenal of defence mechanisms.     2     these, CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) is a group of widespread RNA-guided adaptive immune systems that are classified into two broad classes, six types and numerous subtypes according to their genetic composition and interference mechanism1. The CRISPR–Cas immune response starts with the    3    (acquire) of short DNA fragments (protospacers) from invading MGEs. The protospacers are inserted as spacers between repeats in the CRISPR array to create a memory of the infection. Next, the CRISPR array is expressed    4     a long transcript that is processed into small, mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), each    5    (carry) a spacer sequence flanked by part of the repeat. Finally, the interference complexes, composed     6     a crRNA and one (class 2) or more (class 1) Cas proteins, degrade the complementary nucleic-acid targets that are often found next to a short protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM). The specificity and programmability of the CRISPR–Cas machinery     7    (lead) to the development of various biotechnological applications in genome editing, molecular diagnostics and more.

In the evolutionary arms race with CRISPR–Cas, phages and other MGEs have evolved diverse strategies to block or circumvent immunity. One widespread evasion mechanism uses protein-    8    (base) CRISPR–Cas inhibitors called anti-CRISPRs (Acrs). So far, more than 100 Acr protein families have been identified    9     inhibit different stages of the CRISPR–Cas immune response, mainly by interacting directly with Cas proteins. For example, Acrs prevent crRNA loading, effector-complex formation, and target DNA binding and cleavage. Notably, the discovery of these natural ‘off switches’ has presented new opportunities    10    (control) the activity of CRISPR–Cas technologies.

These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines     1     (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗).

By simply tapping points along the body while     2     (confirm) your emotional state, you can release cellular energy. By feeling those emotions, you process and clear them through     3     power of love and forgiveness. Tapping provides a healthy way to process difficult emotions, even from experiences that     4     (happen) in the distant past. The practice draws from acupuncture (针灸), a healing method from     5     (tradition) Chinese medicine that dates from thousands of years ago.

Acupuncture opens energy highways in the body by sticking thin needles into the skin. Tapping takes a similar approach, but uses touch instead of needles     6     (promote) the flow of energy throughout the body. It may sound strange or impossible     7     first glance. But scientists believe that the method works because it excites the central nervous system,     8     causes the body to release helpful chemicals.

Everyone may have experienced some sorts of emotional discomfort in their lives. Although painful, it’s important to develop healthy ways to process their     9     (experience). Healing practices like tapping help release these emotions,     10     (active), so you can process and heal from difficult emotions.

Many hospitals employ therapy (治疗) dogs to comfort patients, but at Calais Hospital in

Northern France, a different sort of therapy animal wanders in the halls. Peyo is a 15-year-old horse who used to compete professionally     1     his trainer Hassen Bouchakour. Now, he’s comforting patients and family members alike.

“Doctor Peyo”, as he is known to the hospital staff, seems to have a special gift for detecting     2     sick or injured. Bouchalour says that even at competitions, Peyo seemed to seek out contact specifically with those     3     (struggle) physically or mentally. After a few years of research, vets believe Peyo’s brain     4     (function) in a unique way.

In the hospital, Peyo goes from door to door in the care center.     5     is no doubt that Peyo has been fairly effective in reducing the     6     (anxious) of patients as well as their family members. According to doctors, they knew how     7     (benefit) Peyo’s presence was when they noticed that patients     8     were regularly interacting with him required fewer intense drugs. Peyo has stayed with many patients right until the end of their lives.

Animals have an amazing power     9     (comfort) us even during our     10     (hard) times. Perhaps this uplifting story of animal companionship will encourage more medical institutions to look into the healing benefits of animals.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, you might have seen     1     (athlete) with purple circles on their skin from cupping (拔火罐). Or maybe you know someone who uses acupuncture (针灸) for their back pain or herbal teas for colds. More and more people use practices like these from     2     (tradition) Chinese medicine (TCM) to not only fight disease, but also prevent it.

As is known, western medicine focuses     3     (main) on treating disease. However, TCM is an ancient system of health that     4     (use) in China for thousands of years. It tends to view the body a lot as a car. It has different systems     5     need the right inputs and outputs. It’s very concrete and logical. TCM, on     6     other hand, doesn’t focus on science and medicine. Instead, it’s based     7     balance, harmony, and energy and often focuses on ways to promote and maintain the flow of vital energy     8     (call) qi, two of whose opposite qualities are yin and yang. The belief is that everything in life has a little bit of     9     (it) opposite, too, and balance is the key.

According to TCM, these ideas play out in our bodies. When     10     (balance) the yin and yang of qi, you feel healthy and well. If not, you feel sick. Thus TCM aims to create harmony and a healthy flow of qi.