1 . 阅读下面短文，并根据题目要求用英语回答问题。

Diana Rae of Tenino, Washington, demonstrates Virtua/（虚拟的）Urgent Care with Dr. Ben Green in Seattle, who consults with her via Skype.

Telemedicine is the name for when doctors give advice to patients by telephone or the Internet, or when health care providers in rural areas connect with specialists in big cities.

Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smartphone, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home.

Diana Rae recently demonstrated how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and Skype—-the video chat service.

Doctor Green first has the patient describe her symptoms. Then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is an infection and gives her some penicillin for medicine. He says about 3 out of 4 patients who have health problems can be treated like this—through Virtual Urgent Care, which means a video chat could substitute a visit to the doctor’s office.

Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor’s office or an urgent care clinic. After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says she would be happy to pay the 35 dollars, when she was recently home with a bad cold. "I would have paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else’s germs." Rae said.

But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with development in telemedicine. The workers who provide Virtual Urgent Care must be licensed separately in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Franciscan doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California, for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho.

1. What is helping telemedicine to rise to new stages?（No more than 8 words）
2. What does the underlined word "substitute" mean?（1 word）
3. Why would Diana Rae be happy to pay Virtual Urgent Care even more?（No more than 10 words）
4. Why can’t Virtual Urgent Care develop fast now?（No more than 10 words）
5. What do you think of Virtual Urgent Care’s future? Why?（No more than 20 words）

2 . A blocked airway can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. So a simple procedure such as opening someone’s airway can save their life while they’re waiting for emergency medical help. This means you’re more likely to give first aid to someone you know than a stranger.

There are many misconceptions surrounding first aid. Below are the "most popular" ones with details of what you should do.

Top four first aid misconceptions:

You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water—keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes

The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap, you wash away the body`s clotting agents（凝血剂）and make it bleed more. Instead, put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 911. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.

Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead, advise them to tilt（倾斜）their head forwards and ask them to pinch（捏）the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.

You need lots of training to do first aid. You don’t—what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid knowledge in a few minutes to save someone`s life—whether it`s from reading a book, attending a course or watching videos online.

Remember that anyone can save a life.

1. The most important point to save an airway blocked person’s life is to________.

A．keep his airway open

B．ensure the ambulance’s arriving time

C．keep the surroundings quiet

D．ask for emergency medical help immediately

2. If a person is burnt, what you should do immediately is________.

A．put some cream on the burn area

B．heat up some butter for the burn

C．place the burn under cold running water

D．wash the affected area for a long time

3. If a bleeding wound is put under a tap, what will happen?

A．It will help the bleeding stop at once.

B．The wound will help produce more clotting agents.

C．It will produce more pressure on the wound.

D．The wound will bleed more and it is hard to stop the bleeding.

4. Which of the following statements is RIGHT?

A．When a person’s nose bleeds, please put the head back.

B．You can learn first aid quickly in different ways.

C．When a person is burnt, keep pressure on the burn until help arrives.

D．Not everyone can do first aid to save a life.

5. The passage mainly tells us________.

A．how to learn first aid by yourself

B．some misunderstandings about first aid

C．the importance of first aid

D．how to help the medical team save a life

3 . Doctors have successfully kept a heart beating in a container for 24 hours, bringing hope to thousands of patients across the world in need of a life-saving transplant.

    1     However, the "game-changing" device can preserve a heart up to six times longer than existing methods. It provides the heart with oxygen and vital nutrients, allowing more time to transport it.

The device, named ULiSSES, fits into a carry-on box, so hearts can be flown around the world.     2     And it is expected to cost under $ 100,000. University of Texas researchers have successfully tested on pig hearts, which are similar to ours.    3    

Dr. Rafael Veraza presented the findings on pig hearts at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Seattle.

"    4     Many years later, it is done much the same way," Dr. Veraza said. "Donated hearts generally remain viable (可存活的) for around four hours using traditional preservation methods.    5     Being able to keep a heart viable for 24 hours means you could transport it almost anywhere in the world, and this could save many lives."

A．It is expected to come into use soon.

B．The extra time could bring more hope to patients.

C．Usually, a donated heart can only last about four hours.

D．It works without being affected by temperature or air pressure.

E．The pig hearts remained viable for 24 hours after they were removed.

F．The first heart was transported more than 50 years ago by putting it on ice.

G．They plan to test it on human hearts in three months and put it on the market within a year.

4 . “Don’t get sick in July!”

This is a common concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ________. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.

So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ________ symptom early in a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determine the right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ________, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a direct connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.

In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple ________. Doctors are humans too and they ________ tricks of the mind—like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ________ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ________ practitioners into making the wrong decisions.

Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ________ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ________ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.

Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to________ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ________ with the prior diagnosis by experience.

In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ________ for years.

To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ________. It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ________. But asking questions does force your doctor to think twice and ________ her decision about your case.

1.

A．innocent

B．productive

C．inexperienced

D．prohibited

2.

A．slight

B．objective

C．complex

D．sustainable

3.

A．media

B．tradition

C．reality

D．textbook

4.

A．psychology

B．education

C．procedure

D．priority

5.

A．take advantage of

B．make sense of

C．fall victim to

D．play fire with

6.

A．spring

B．depart

C．benefit

D．distinguish

7.

A．highly-motivated

B．well-seasoned

C．deeply-offended

D．wide-eyed

8.

A．moderate

B．visible

C．conflicting

D．permanent

9.

A．initial

B．tough

C．multiple

D．private

10.

A．evaluate

B．operate

C．confirm

D．revise

11.

A．preoccupied

B．labelled

C．associated

D．concerned

12.

A．professional circle

B．thinking pattern

C．academic background

D．operating order

13.

A．investigating

B．questioning

C．monitoring

D．observing

14.

A．obstacle

B．trap

C．horizon

D．struggle

15.

A．practice

B．accommodate

C．justify

D．remove