1. When does the conversation probably take place?
| A．On Thursday. | B．On Wednesday. | C．On Monday. |
| A．He was too painful to walk. | B．He almost felt no pain then. | C．He had to finish painting the house. |
2 . Shenzhen in Guangdong province has become the first city in China to allow specialist nurses to prescribe (开药方) selected drugs and order tests, in a move that is expected to increase efficiencies in the healthcare system and reduce the patient-load burden on physicians.
Under a new rule in October that took effect in January, eligible nurses will be permitted to order examinations, treatments considering their expert skills and knowledge of specialist nursing or community healthcare. Their prescriptions must be based on existing diagnoses (诊断) made by physicians.
To become a nursing specialist, applicants should have a bachelor’s degree in nursing, five years of working experience, obtained an advanced nursing qualification and have attended a months-long specialist training program and passed a final test.
“Medical institutions must review inappropriate prescriptions given by nurses,” said the regulation. “Nursing specialists who are found to have given three or more improper prescriptions will have their prescribing power stopped for three to six months and will have to undergo retraining before regaining the authorization,” it added.
“Considering the difference in professional positioning, medical education background and work experience between physicians and nurses, it is necessary to fully analyze the necessity and practicability of the nurses’ prescriptive authority,” the commission said.
Zhou Wensi has a bachelor’s degree in nursing and is now a specialist nurse in periodontitis (牙周炎) , or gum disease, at Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital in the city’s Pingshan district.
“Our hospital has not begun allowing us to prescribe. If the rule goes into effect in the future, we’ll likely be able to directly prescribe mouthwash, anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers to patients,” she said.
However, she also noted that most patients visiting the hospital are in need of treatment delivered by doctors with assistance from nurses like her, so the new regulation is not expected to have a major impact.
1. Why does Shenzhen give permission for specialist nurses’ special rights?| A．To improve the overall ability of the specialist nurses. |
| B．To speed up the development of the healthcare system. |
| C．To enhance the work efficiency and lighten doctors’ load. |
| D．To respond to the demands of doctors, nurses and patients. |
| A．well-recognized | B．Qualified | C．flexible | D．hard-working |
| A．A specialist nurse should follow the rules strictly. |
| B．No institutions take charge of the prescriptions . |
| C．Not all specialist nurses can prescribe drugs freely . |
| D．A specialist nurse always has the prescribing power. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Indifferent. | C．Neutral. | D．Hopeful. |
3 . Growing up in a small village in southern Ghana, Osci Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital. Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases. His grandmother and aunt were among them.
Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana where education and preventative health care were lacking.
Boateng wanted to find a way to remove these barriers to health care access and education. He started his nonprofit organization, OKB Hope Foundation. In 2021, he converted (转变) a van (面包车) into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need. A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities and provide free routine medical care.
On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, a physician assistant, a doctor, and an operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis (尿液分析) as well as provide medicine. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people, ” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another. Since its launch, the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care, according to Boateng.
Boateng has gone all in on his OKB Hope Foundation, recently quitting his job to dedicate his time to bringing health care to his home country. But for him, the sacrifices (牺牲) are well worth. “Words cannot describe the feeling that you provide care for someone who otherwise wouldn’t be alive if your mobile health van wasn’t there.” He has big plans for the future. He hopes to expand them to provide more consistent and high-quality medical care not only to those living in remote areas of Ghana but those in other countries.
1. What is the purpose of mentioning the example in paragraph 1?| A．To show the importance of life. | B．To describe how hard Boateng’s family lived. |
| C．To point out what’s wrong with the hospital. | D．To stress the seriousness of lacking health care. |
| A．He operates on patients in the van. | B．He rents a doctor’s office wherever he goes. |
| C．He provides medical care by charging some fees. | D．He offers people health care using mobile clinic. |
| A．It really works. | B．It makes a profit. |
| C．It serves the whole Ghana. | D．It produces some good medicine. |
| A．Reliable and creative. | B．Caring and ambitious. |
| C．Considerate and humorous. | D．Determined and demanding. |
4 . One major issue in contemporary medical science is the use of humans in clinical trials of medical products. These trials occur frequently to determine the best way to manage diseases.
People are invited randomly and paid to take part in trials of an experimental drug, or new surgical procedure, in a number of countries at the one time. For example, up to a quarter of patients in some fields like breast cancer may be engaged. Other projects, one of which is to determine whether new scanning techniques can detect Alzheimer’s disease, are under way. They may be given the drug or a placebo (安慰剂), or the best existing treatment, and results compared. The trials may be ”blind” with the patient not knowing which group they are in or they may be a “double-blind” with the doctors not knowing either.
Actually, so many people offer themselves willingly. Patients take the views that at least they will get special attention from the doctor if they participate and they may get access to new drugs before they become available in chemists’ shops. In some countries people are paid to participate, especially in poorer countries where they may be told little of what is actually happening.
Yet there are significant risks too. One US study estimated that one in 30 people suffered side effects from such trials, and one in 10, 000 dies. Doctors say that the risk is not so great during the trial itself, where patients are closely monitored, but comes when the drug is released on the market place. For example, in 2004 a US company recalled an arthritis drug, when it was found that after 18 months of use, the risk of heart attack and stroke increased.
People who support testing claim the risks to the individual are small compared with the benefits. Even if the individual has adverse outcomes and their condition worsens, that is valuable information for the drug company. While the drug companies usually pay for the hospital trials, government has set up medical committees to handle the issue.
1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?| A．The purpose of medical trial. |
| B．The procedure of medical trial. |
| C．The groups of medical trial. |
| D．The result of medical trial. |
| A．To tell us a lot of patients die from the medical trials. |
| B．To show the risk of heart attack and stroke has increased. |
| C．To introduce the risks of the medical trials are not so great. |
| D．To explain the risks of some drugs appear when they are sold. |
| A．negative |
| B．effective |
| C．subjective |
| D．impressive |
| A．How the government prevents clinical trials. |
| B．How the government gathers the information. |
| C．How the medical committees pay for the hospital trials. |
| D．How the medical committees solve the problem. |
5 . You should always seek professional medical help as soon as you are able to, but following correct first-aid steps can be the difference between life and death. Here are some suggestions about how to care for an unconscious (不省人事的) person.
Determine responsiveness. If a person is unconscious, try to awake him by gently touching his hands and feet or by speaking to him.
Check for breathing and a pulse. If the person is unconscious and unable to be awoken, check for breathing; look for a rise in the chest area.
If the person remains unresponsive, prepare for CPR (心肺复苏). Unless you suspect a spinal (脊柱的) injury, carefully roll him onto his back and open his airway.
● Airway. Does the person have a clear airway?
● Breathing. Is the person breathing?
● Circulation. Does the person show a pulse at major pulse points?
Make sure the person is warm as you wait for medical help.
| A．Remember your ABCs of CPR. |
| B．Listen for the sound of air coming in and out. |
| C．Cover a towel or a blanket over the person if you have one. |
| D．The ABCs of CPR refer to the three critical things you need to look for. |
| E．Perform chest compression 30 times and rescue breathing twice as part of CPR. |
| F．If you suspect a spinal injury, leave the person where he is, provided he is breathing. |
| G．If he does not respond to any activity, sound, or touch, determine whether he is breathing. |
