1 . Many people have dreamt to find a cancer cure. Now, a pill might provide some insight into their dreams.
The medicine, AOH1996, also called the “cancer-killing pill”, explicitly targets the protein that encourages cancer cells to spread across the body. It prevents proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA 细胞增殖核抗原) with a tiny molecule. Up to August 2023, it is being evaluated in Phase I clinical studies for the treatment of solid cancers.
Cancer is a condition in which abnormal cells continue to proliferate uncontrollably, causing the tissue to be destroyed. About one in six deaths were due to cancer in 2020, making it the top cause of death globally.
According to a recent study published in Cell Chemical Biology, City of Hope researchers have discovered a novel method to treat cancer using a special tablet that can get rid of solid tumors. AOH1996 differs from other targeted cancer therapies in this respect, where other approaches may cause a tumor to change and develop more resistance to treatment.
According to City of Hope Professor Linda Malkas, the research team created a medicine specifically targeting the kind of PCNA seen in cancer cells since data indicate that PCNA is distinctively changed in cancer cells. The novel cancer medicine acts like a snowstorm closing a significant airport, stopping only flights from and to aircraft carrying cancer cells.
“Results have been promising. AOH1996 can prevent tumor growth in cell and animal models. The drug is currently in Phase I clinical trial in humans at City of Hope.”
Treatment of lung, brain and skin cancers with AOH1996 has shown to be effective. It kills specific cells by stopping them from replicating (复制) typically. To assess this medicine for potential future use, more clinical studies are planned.
1. What can we know about PCNA?A.It is a pill that cures solid cancer. |
B.It is a medicine that prevents tumor growth. |
C.It is a molecule targeted by the cancer-killing pill AOH1996. |
D.It is a protein that causes cancer cells to spread across the body. |
A.It has cured many patients’ cancers. |
B.It will develop drug resistance. |
C.It is a natural product collected from plants. |
D.It has less side effects than other cancer drugs. |
A.AOH1996 targets cancer cells without harming healthy cells. |
B.AOH1996 has caused chaos in the medical field. |
C.AOH1996 is highly effective but inefficient in treating cancer patients. |
D.AOH1996 is unpredictable and can have unintended consequences. |
A.Determining the specific types of cancers it can effectively treat. |
B.Investigating the possible side effects of the medicine. |
C.Determining if it can be used on a large scale. |
D.Confirming its effectiveness in killing specific cells. |
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Last weekend, I accompanied my grandma with acupuncture (针灸). As she has been suffering some health issues, she decided to try this traditional Chinese medical treatments. The acupuncturist greeted us warmly and asked about my grandma’s symptoms while we arrived at the clinic. After a thoroughly examination, he explains the process and benefits of acupuncture. My grandma was a bit nervous so I held her hands calm her. After the session, my grandma felt a sense of relief. The acupuncturist told her to rest and drink a plenty of water. We thanked him for his care and left the clinic. While walking back home, my grandma shared his experience with me, express the admiration for the magic of acupuncture.
3 . “Tooth loss and gum disease, which is inflammation (发炎) of the tissue around the teeth that can cause shrinkage (萎缩) of the gums and loosening of the teeth, are very common, so evaluating a potential link with brain diseases is incredibly important. Our study found that these conditions may play a role in the health of the brain area that controls thinking and memory, giving people another reason to take better care of their teeth,” said study author Satoshi Yamaguchi, Ph.D. of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan.
The study involved 172 people with an average age of 67 who did not have memory problems at the beginning of the study. Researchers found that the number of teeth and amount of gum disease was linked to changes in the left hippocampus of the brain. For people with mild gum disease, having fewer teeth was associated with a faster rate of brain shrinkage, which was the same for people with severe gum disease having more teeth. After adjusting for age, researchers found that for people with mild gum disease, the increase in the rate of brain shrinkage due to one less tooth was equal to nearly one year of brain aging. By contrast, for people with severe gum disease, the increase in brain shrinkage due to one more tooth was equal to 1.3 years of brain aging.
“These results highlight the importance of preserving the health of the teeth and not just maintaining the teeth,” Yamaguchi said. Though the study does not prove that gum disease or tooth loss causes diseases like Alzheimer’s, it only shows an association. Yamaguchi added, “Future studies are needed with larger groups of people.” The current experiment involved only a small group of people in one region of Japan, and that too from one particular region of the world.
1. What does Satoshi Yamaguchi’s research focus on?A.The reason for gum disease. |
B.The influence of brain shrinkage. |
C.The advances in memory improvement. |
D.The link between dental health and brain. |
A.Supporting evidence for the research results. |
B.Basic theories and results of a previous research. |
C.A further explanation of the research methods. |
D.The detailed procedures of the scientific research. |
A.Treat a brain problem with replacing teeth. |
B.Frequently visit the dentists to maintain teeth. |
C.Protect gums and teeth in their original good state. |
D.Pull out one of their unique teeth as a study object. |
A.The application in related fields. |
B.The further research in wider range. |
C.The difficulties of making the previous studies. |
D.The suggestions for preventing teeth disease. |
1. What’s the woman’s new problem?
A.She has a sore throat. |
B.She has a toothache. |
C.She has an earache. |
A.Once a day. | B.Twice a day. | C.Three times a day. |
A.Next Monday. | B.Next Tuesday. | C.Next Thursday. |
A.Make an appointment. |
B.Buy medicine outside. |
C.Write down the date. |
A.The woman’s symptoms. |
B.The dosage of the medicine. |
C.The side effects of the medicine. |
Hua Tuo was a famous physician in the later years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is
Hua later appeared in many
According to the story, after Guan’s right arm
This popular story shows both the doctor’s exceptional skill and the rare
Acupuncture(针灸),
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body’s self-regulating functions. Its principles are in line
Practices can vary in forms. Needle insertion (插入), the most common method,
Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global treatment. Over the years, acupuncture
8 . Lowe was facing a nightmare. His five-year-old son Tyler
“As we sat in the waiting room, we felt
When a nurse called the family back, Lowe’s
But then the doctor did something beyond
After the surgery was over, the doctor came back out to the family. “He
After the surgery, Tyler made a quick
A.survived | B.escaped | C.suffered | D.arose |
A.operation | B.look | C.exam | D.check |
A.relieved | B.restless | C.conscious | D.attentive |
A.extent | B.amount | C.range | D.gravity |
A.emotion | B.relief | C.terror | D.joy |
A.charge | B.progress | C.possession | D.place |
A.set off | B.turned up | C.took over | D.went to |
A.decisions | B.control | C.expectations | D.description |
A.inspired | B.comforted | C.judged | D.shocked |
A.slight | B.precious | C.groundless | D.previous |
A.headed | B.approached | C.consulted | D.appealed |
A.recalled | B.reviewed | C.reminded | D.responded |
A.cure | B.discovery | C.treatment | D.recovery |
A.open-minded | B.short-sighted | C.warm-hearted | D.good-tempered |
A.failed | B.intended | C.managed | D.attempted |
Acupuncture (针灸), a traditional Chinese medical practice,
Practices can vary in forms, including needle insertion, cupping and scraping. Needle insertion,
Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global therapy. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries,
With a rich history and deep cultural significance, acupuncture has seen many
10 . Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perform with expert-level accuracy and deliver cost-effective care. IBM’s Watson diagnoses (诊断) heart disease better than cardiologists (心脏病专家) do. Chatbots give better medical advice to patients in place of nurses. Some forecast that medical AI will enter 90% of hospitals and replace as much as 80% of what doctors currently do. Yet, as our recent research suggests, patients show a strong resistance to medical AI.
The reason, we found, is not the belief that AI provides lower care. Nor is it that patients think that AI is more costly or less informative. Rather, resistance to medical AI seems to come from a belief that AI does not take into account one’s specific circumstances. People view themselves as unique. By contrast, they think medical care delivered by AI providers is suited to treat an average patient but unsuitable to account for the unique circumstances that apply to an individual. No wonder that medical AI providers are given a cold welcome.
There are a number of steps that care providers can take to overcome patients’ resistance to medical AI. For example, if an AI provider is capable of tailoring its recommendation for whether to have a surgery to each patient’s unique characteristics and medical history, patients would be likely to follow the treatment recommendations of the AI provider. In addition, health care providers could also deliver individualized health care by explaining how the algorithms (算法) work and sharing patients’ reviews with the media. Having a physician confirm the recommendation of an AI provider should make people more willing to accept AI-based care. People are comfortable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge of the ultimate decision.
AI-based health care technologies are being developed and employed at an impressive rate, providing better medical services for the patients. But harnessing the full potential of them will require that we first overcome patients’ doubt of having an algorithm, rather than a person making decisions about their care.
1. What made people resist the medical AI?A.A sufferer’s temper ignored by medical AI. |
B.People’s lasting trust in a human doctor’s ability. |
C.The concern about its personalization in treatment. |
D.The accuracy of the information from medical AI. |
A.Treating sufferers as average patients. |
B.Providing a more specific treatment. |
C.Getting the algorithms prioritized in time. |
D.Keeping away from the influence of a physician. |
A.Weakening. | B.Storing. | C.Destroying. | D.Using. |
A.Advantages of Medical AI |
B.Potential Application of AI |
C.How AI Replaces Nurses in Healthcare |
D.The Challenge That Medical AI Faces |