1. 表示关心和同情；
2. 提出合理化建议；
3. 表达愿望和祝福。
注意:1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
1.简述倡议目的；
2.提出防范措施；
3.倡议共同行动。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数。
（相关词汇：传染病infectious diseases；口罩：mask：病毒：virus）
Dear fellow students,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Student Union
3 . The COVID-19 and flu are both respiratory infectious diseases, with similar symptoms including fever and cough, but they are not the same.
Both the COVID-19 and flu are diseases caused by a virus. In the case of flu, the pathogens(病原体) are flu viruses, and for COVID-19, it is a novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒).
Common symptoms for flu and novel coronavirus are nearly identical fever, cough and tiredness, sometimes sore throat and diarrhea. In severe cases, they result in pneumonia(肺炎), and even deaths in the worst cases. Flu has seasonal ups and downs. Although it can exist all year round, the virus infects more people in winter and spring. As for the novel coronavirus, there is not yet enough evidence showing how it would respond to changing weather.
The mortality rate(死亡率) for the novel coronavirus is higher than that for flu. Generally, people with poor immunity(免疫力), especially children and seniors, are more likely to catch seasonal flu and develop into severe cases. As for the novel coronavirus, the median age for the infected is 51. But the novel coronavirus is a brand-new virus, and no one has total immunity no matter their age.
Both the flu and the novel coronavirus are transmitted in similar ways, by direct contact with infected patients or small droplets from the nose or mouth when a person with viruses coughs or breathes.
Flu can be spread by an infected person for several days before their symptoms appear. As for the novel coronavirus, spread might be possible before people show symptoms, but this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads.
For the novel coronavirus, there is also a risk for aerosol transmission(气溶胶传播). In health facilities, people may catch the virus if they breathed in aerosol, the suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in the air, which have been contaminated by the virus. The novel coronavirus has also been found in patients' fecal(排泄物) samples, but fecal-oral transmission does not appear to be a major transmission route.
1. What can we learn about the novel coronavirus?| A．It has seasonal changes. |
| B．It causes less deaths than flu. |
| C．It may spread among people of all ages. |
| D．It only spreads after people show symptoms. |
| A．Aerosol transmission. |
| B．Contact transmission. |
| C．Fecal-oral transmission. |
| D．Age transmission. |
| A．prove flu has less harm to humans than COVID-19 |
| B．raise people's awareness of protecting their health |
| C．prove COVID-19 probably won't cause human deaths |
| D．provide some suggestions to avoid COVID-19 infection |
| A．A new treatment on the novel coronavirus. |
| B．The latest research on COVID-19 and flu. |
| C．The difference between the novel coronavirus and flu. |
| D．How to identify COVID-19 and flu on symptoms. |
COVID-19 may not originate in China
Chinese top respiratory specialist Zhong Nanshan said although the COVID-19 first
Analysts said Zhong’s words indicate the toughness of the battle against the coronavirus,
Yang Zhanqiu, a director of Wuhan University, said that the novel coronavirus might have multiple birthplaces co-existing around
Expert said that China’s moves of blocking cities
At a press conference on Thursday, Zhong praised the timely
5 . Japanese researchers are genetically changing mosquitoes so that they become carriers of a vaccine (疫苗) that could vaccinate millions for free. The researchers have already genetically changed a mosquito species so that its saliva (唾液) contains a protein that acts as a vaccine against leishmaniasis(利什曼病）, a deadly disease that leads to terrible skin problems. The team confirmed that mice bitten by the genetically-engineered mosquito developed an antibody to the disease, meaning they had built up immunity (免疫力).
“You would be vaccinated without even noticing. You wouldn’t need any drug and you wouldn’t need to show up at a fixed place for mass vaccinations,” said Shigeto Yoshida, the associate professor who has led the research. “Repeated bites would only strengthen the immunity.”
Similarly the mosquitoes could be used to help treat malaria (疟疾), perhaps a decade from now, said the malaria expert.
Nearly one million people die each year from malaria ---- most of them are children ---- mainly in Africa and Asia, according to the World Health Organization. Now a problem is that no effective vaccine exists. “There is a treatment that works, but it is beyond the reach of people who need to worry about food for tomorrow,” Yoshida said.
However, Yoshida expects that the genetically-engineered mosquito will finally help wipe out the deadly disease in the developing world. “Technically speaking, I believe it’s a matter of 10 years or so, but it’s not clear whether society would accept it,” he said.
Another problem is that the genetically-engineered mosquito may still pick up and spread the infected blood of a person who has already caught malaria. Yoshida’s team is hoping it can solve this problem by developing a mosquito species that kills the malaria virus inside its own body.
1. How have scientists turned mosquitoes into carriers of a vaccine?| A．By changing their genes. | B．By killing the virus in their bodies. |
| C．By letting them bite mice. | D．By injecting vaccines into their bodies. |
| A．It’s free of charge. | B．It’s convenient. |
| C．It’s more effective. | D．It’s unnoticeable. |
| A．People welcome the idea of using mosquitoes to treat malaria. |
| B．Mosquitoes carrying vaccines may still spread malaria. |
| C．It is not long before people will use mosquitoes to get rid of malaria. |
| D．A mosquito can kill the malaria virus inside its own body. |
| A．introduce a possible solution to malaria |
| B．encourage people to use mosquitoes to fight against diseases |
| C．show that Japan has very advanced technology |
| D．call on people to help people suffering from malaria in Africa and Asia |
6 . There are many programs for high school students today that help lonely teenagers deal with loneliness. However, loneliness is not only a problem for teens but also an important and rarely acknowledged one in the elderly.
In Britain, Tracey Crouch was appointed to be the first Minister of Loneliness in order to address the problems caused by loneliness. This is the first time such a position has been created.
In Britain, there are around 9 million people who say they are lonely frequently. In Germany, a study conducted by Ruhr University Bochum found that 20 percent of people over the age of 85 felt lonely, and 14 percent of those between age 45 and 65 felt socially lonely. In the United States, more than 25 percent of the population live alone, more than 50 percent are unmarried.
Loneliness is generally associated with heart disease, overweight, and anxiety. Additionally, the stress from loneliness can cause your cells to change on a molecular (分子) level that reduces its abilities to defend your body against diseases. In fact, doctors believe having feelings of loneliness is equivalent to smoking 15 cigarettes per day in regard to its effect on health!
In Britain, the new Minister of Loneliness will help introduce government policies on the problem and fund a charity—an organization for helping people in need, to devote their efforts towards aiding loneliness. There are charities that link lonely seniors to high school students in order to give them a line of communication whenever they feel lonely!
The possibilities for the new Minister of Loneliness are endless. For example, she can provide education services to household businesses so that they can identify lonely customers if they see one. Loneliness fits into the category of being a social problem that must be monitored by the entire community in order to help those in need. Therefore, government involvement in medical services and care for seniors and others is vital for happy seniors.
1. How does the author develop Paragraph 3?| A．By listing some statistics. |
| B．By giving examples of lonely people． |
| C．By pointing out similarities and differences. |
| D．By comparing different cultures in different countries． |
| A．Relevant． | B．Opposite． |
| C．Similar． | D．Superior． |
| A．Do housework for lonely people． |
| B．Help fund charities to aid lonely people． |
| C．Communicate with anxious school students． |
| D．Develop friendships with the elderly． |
| A．UK becomes the capital of loneliness． |
| B．Loneliness affects old people’s life worldwide. |
| C．Many teenagers suffer from loneliness． |
| D．UK’s Minister of Loneliness settles loneliness. |
John Snow, a well-known doctor in London,became
He got interested in two theories
8 . A chronic illness(慢性病) is a long-lasting health condition.
People who have just been diagnosed with（被诊断为）a chronic illness show different reactions.
The final stage of dealing with a chronic illness is taking it calmly. At this stage, people feel comfortable with their treatment.
There’s no exact time limit in the coping process.
| A．You might not be the only one who feels emotional about your illness. |
| B．So getting used to living with a chronic illness takes time, patience and support. |
| C．The next stage of the coping process is learning. |
| D．Some people feel confused and worried about their health and the future. |
| E．The way a person is affected by a chronic illness depends on the particular illness. |
| F．The signs of a chronic illness might go away under medical care. |
| G．Also they begin to accept the tools they need to use to live a normal life. |
9 . Something strange was happening inside Anne' s home. During the summer of 2014, twins Gavin and Garrett, then three, each had skin rash (疹子) that wouldn't go away. 14-year-old J. D. had stomach pains so severe that he couldn’t climb the stairs，but tests found nothing wrong. By winter, the family's health problems were getting worse.
One day, Anne found brown water flowed out of the tap. Worried that the water was polluted, the family began using bottled water for cooking，drinking, and bathing.
In January 2015，the city of Flint sent out a notice stating that the water supply—which had been switched, in a cost-cutting measure, from the Detroit water system to the Flint River the previous spring—contained high levels of trihalomethanes (三卤甲烷). The notice warned that elderly people might be at risk for health problems but emphasized that the water was otherwise safe to drink.
Shocked, the self-claimed "stay-at-home mom turned water warrior" researched the water supply and searched the Internet for information that she distributed to city officials, listing the side effects of exposure to trihalomethanes. Then she urged her neighbors to attend city council meetings, where they shared their health problems. Still, officials insisted the water was safe to drink. So Anne demanded that the city test her water. The results were disturbing. The trihalomethanes were the least of her problems. The tests included that the lead levels in her water were nearly seven times the legal amount.
Anne had her children tested for lead. All the kids showed lead poisoning. She requested Flint's water quality reports and discovered that the city wasn't applying the proper corrosion (腐蚀) control standards to its pipes; the standards prevent the metal in pipes from leaking into the water.
1. How did Gavin suffer from the disease?| A．His stomach hurt so much that he couldn’t' climb the stairs. |
| B．He had rash on his skin which wouldn’t' disappear. |
| C．His disease got too ill for him to get any medical tests. |
| D．He had weak eyesight and couldn't go to school, |
| A．The Detroit water system had been polluted. |
| B．The Flint River was made clean a year ago. |
| C．They wanted to cut the cost of water supply. |
| D．The Flint River always has brown water. |
| A．her family had the worst of the trihalomethanes pollution |
| B．the water from her tap was safe to use except for drinking |
| C．her family was located in the most polluted part of the city |
| D．there was something more serious than the trihalomethanes |
| A．the lack of proper corrosion control to the pipes |
| B．the overuse of water-purifying chemicals |
| C．the exposure to trihalomethanes in the water |
| D．the improper use of metal in the pipes |
10 . While we all try to find happiness, sometimes we still end up feeling low. While most people can control this feeling, low moods can stay with some, leading to depression. About 322 million people suffered from depression in 2015, according to a report by the World Health Organization in February. This is more than 4 percent of the world's population.
Depression is described by the WHO as a mental disorder. It has several symptoms including sadness, loss of interest and feelings of low self-worth. In severe cases, depression may even lead to suicide.
The number of people living with depression is increasing. The WHO reported a rise of 18.4 percent between 2005 and 2015. Young people are a group known to suffer with depression. “The pressures on today's youth are like no other generation, perhaps," Dan Chisholm, an official of WHO, told Reuters.
In China, depression among young people is on the rise, Zhu Zhuohong, a psychology professor with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua News Agency. Competition to outperform others, especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure for Chinese youth.
Almost 1.2 million Chinese people aged 15 to 24 suffer from depression, according to a report released by British science journal The Lancet in May.
Luckily, more and more efforts are being made to deal with this problem. This year's World Health Day, held on April 7, will focus on depression. The day will highlight the “Depression: let's talk" campaign. The campaign aims to make sure that people with depression both seek and get help.
1. According to the passage, what was the population of the world in 2015?| A．about 322 million | B．about 128.8 million |
| C．about 8,050 million | D．about 18.4 million |
| A．feelings of low self-worth | B．loss of interest |
| C．sadness | D．suicide |
| A．The pressures on today's youth are not the same as other generations. |
| B．The pressures on today's youth are bigger than other generations. |
| C．The pressures on today's youth are the same as other generations. |
| D．The pressures on today's youth are not bigger than other generations. |
| A．Competition between young generations. |
| B．Competition to perform better than others in education. |
| C．Competition to outperform others. |
| D．Education to avoid disorders. |
