1 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does Sarah think of making breakfast in person?

A．It’s quite healthy.

B．It needs a lot of time.

C．It’s a good start of a day.

2. What will Alex do if he has no time to make breakfast in the morning?

A．Cook something in advance.

B．Go to a cafe directly.

C．Eat nothing.

3. What is Alex mainly talking about?

A．Whether to prepare breakfast on a busy day.

B．How to make a delicious breakfast.

C．Why he makes breakfast by himself.

2 . If you’re aiming to cut back on meat and you want to build muscle strength, you’re not alone. Now, a new study finds that swapping red and processed meat for plant protein a few times a week leads to better health and lowers carbon emission.

“We found that there was an increase in life expectancy of approximately nine months linked to 50% reduction of red meat consumption,” says Olivia Auclair. “When it comes to diet changes to improve health and climate, we don’t need to go to major extremes or completely wipe out foods from our diet.”

But sudden changes can be jarring. For a long time Kyle Backlund had been in the habit of eating meat at many meals, and when he cut back, he felt a drop in his energy level and experienced some tiredness and weakness. When he realized he needed to increase his protein intake, his wife Stephany Marreel — who does most of the cooking and also eats a plant-based diet — found a solution by adding tofu, vegetables, and grains. Kyle says he is now feeling good on his plant-focused diet.

People can get all the protein and nutrients they need from a plant-based diet as long as they do a little planning, says Dr. Christopher Gardner, a food scientist. “If someone is consuming a reasonable variety, meeting protein needs from plant sources is no problem,” Gardner says.

There’s an environmental argument for shifting diet as well, Gardner says. Livestock (家畜) require lots of land and water. Beef production requires 20 times more land and produces 20 times more greenhouse gas emissions, per gram of protein, compared to beans. If people in the U.S. swapped beef for beans, this one switch alone could get the U.S. about halfway to its greenhouse gas reduction goals.

1. What should you do to improve health and climate according to Olivia Auclair?

A．Change your meat-based diet a little.	B．Give up red meat in your meals.
C．Become a devoted plant-protein lover.	D．Take up proper ways of cooking.

2. What does the underlined word “jarring” in the third paragraph probably mean?

A．Admirable.

B．Upsetting.

C．Meaningful.

D．Rewarding.

3. How can one meet his protein needs while following a plant-based diet?

A．By exercising more.	B．By consuming less red meat.
C．By eating various foods.	D．By having whole grain.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Cattle are the main source of greenhouse gases.

B．Americans are reducing greenhouse gas emission.

C．Shifting diet can be beneficial to the planet.

D．Bean production requires lots of land and water.

4 . Five nutrition myths and what health experts want you to know instead

MYTH 1: Fresh fruits and vegetables are always healthier than canned, frozen or dried varieties.

Research has found that frozen, canned and dried fruits and vegetables can be just as nutritious as their fresh counterparts.     1     However, some canned, frozen and dried varieties contain added sugars, saturated fats and sodium, so be sure to read nutrition labels, especially on prepared foods.

MYTH 2:     2    

By the 1980s, doctors, government health experts, the food industry and the media were reporting that a low-fat diet could benefit everyone. As a result, many people replaced calories from fat with calories from refined carbohydrates such as white flour and added sugar. In reality, healthy fats help reduce your risk. Examples of those include monounsaturated fats (found in olive oil, avocados and certain nuts and seeds) and polyunsaturated fats (found in sunflower oil, walnuts, fish and flaxseed).

MYTH 3: “Calories in, calories out” is the most important factor for maintaining weight.

It’s true that if you burn more calories than you consume, you will probably lose weight.     3     Rather, it’s the types of foods we eat that may be the long-term drivers of those conditions. Ultra-processed foods can lead to weight gain.

MYTH 4: Plant beverages are healthier than dairy milk.

While the nutrition of plant-based beverages can vary, many have more added ingredients which can contribute to poor health than cow’s milk.     4     Almond (杏仁) beverage on the other hand, typically has one or two grams in the same amount.

MYTH 5: Potatoes are bad for you.

Potatoes have often been vilified in the nutrition community because of their high glycemic index, which can spike your blood sugar. However, potatoes are rich in vitamin C, potassium, fibre and other nutrients, especially when consumed with the skin on.     5    

A．All fat is bad.

B．All fat is not beneficial.

C．The reason for this is that they are rapidly digested.

D．They are also inexpensive and available year-round in grocery stores.

E．Typically, cow’s milk has about eight grams of protein per 250 millilitres.

F．They can be an easy way to make sure there are always fruits and vegetables available at home.

G．But research does not suggest that eating more will result in becoming overweight or obese.

5 . With all the dietary information online, it can be hard to know what tips to follow. Watch out for these words and expressions.

Fat Is Good

It doesn’t matter if you are part of the fat is GOOD for you or BAD for you group, the important question to ask is the source of the fat. If it comes from a land-based animal, and is likely to be solid at room temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it comes from fish or plants, and it is likely to be liquid at room temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating more unsaturated fat than saturated fat lowers your risk of dying early.

Natural Sugar Is Better

The vast majority of sugar we consume is sucrose (蔗糖). It is the white powdered stuff we cook with and is made up of glucose and fructose. How about sugar from honey? It is often marketed as natural and better for you. Actually, it just has its own distinct flavour, but is as sweet because of glucose and fructose.

High-pH Water

Some people think we need to eat alkali (碱) food to maintain our blood at a pH of 7.4. But everything we eat or drink passes through the stomach, which, at a pH of 1.5, is the most acidic part of the body. It is then neutralised to a pH of 7. So, nothing we eat will change the pH of our blood.

Don’t Eat Anything That You Can’t Pronounce

Whether foods are natural or highly processed, they are all full of chemicals. Are you supposed to fear “phenylthiocarbamide”, because you can’t pronounce it? This is simply the chemical responsible for the bitter taste found in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family.

Don’t Eat Food With More Than Five Ingredients(佐料)

Simple foods are not necessarily healthier for you. If I, for instance, use Chinese five spice powder in a recipe, that would count as one of the five ingredients. However, what if I added the typical components of five spice powder separately into a dish? Does that mean my recipe suddenly becomes bad because it has more than five ingredients?

1. According to the passage, healthier fat ______.

A．can be found in fish and plants	B．comes from land-based animals
C．remains solid at room temperature	D．can lower the death rate of elders

2. The passage suggests that ______.

A．diets can help adjust the pH of our blood	B．honey sugar can do more good than sucrose
C．foods with more ingredients may be as healthy	D．chemicals we can recognize are safer to take in

3. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To compare tips on food choices.	B．To introduce different health concepts.
C．To recommend fitness recipes to readers.	D．To warn us of some dietary misunderstandings.

7 . Gene-edited Foods: Yes or No?

Gene-edited foods could soon be hitting supermarket shelves in the UK as the government announced plans to allow gene-edited foods to be sold unlabeled in British supermarkets, promoting an outcry from some consumers who claim they “should be given a choice”.

GE foods are produced using the gene-editing tool CRISPR, which edits the existing DNA of a plant or animal. Unlike genetically modified food, gene-edited food contains no “foreign” DNA from other species. Scientists use a specialized protein to make tiny changes to the organism’s DNA that could occur naturally or through selective breeding.

Environment Secretary George Eustice insisted that GE products would not need to be advertised as such because they are “fundamentally natural”. However, Scotland and Wales both vowed to reject the move, and Britain’s biggest supermarkets have so far refused to confirm if they will stock the foods.

Now let’s take a closer look at some of the GE foods that could be on shelves in the UK as early as next year.

Vitamin D-boosted tomatoes

Tomatoes have been genetically engineered to produce more vitamin D. Researchers claim that the “super” fruits could help reduce the risk of developing diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease and dementia (痴呆).

Mushrooms that don’t go brown

A variety of white button mushroom has been genetically edited so that it doesn’t go brown when sliced. The researchers used CRISPR to remove a small piece of one gene that causes mushroom browning. Thus it can stay on supermarket shelves for longer, reducing food waste.

Bread that reduces cancer risk from burnt toast

Acrylamide (丙烯酰胺), a substance that can cause cancer, is created when bread is baked or toasted. Researchers have edited the genome (基因组) of wheat to reduce its production of the cancer-causing chemical.

Chickens resistant to bird flu

Researchers have used gene-editing techniques to grow chicken cells that are unable to replicate the bird flu virus in a lab. They edited a section of chicken DNA to make it resistant to the virus.

1. What can be known about GE foods?

A．They edit their own existing DNA.

B．They have foreign DNA from other species.

C．They are completely as natural as ordinary foods.

D．They are exactly the same as genetically modified foods.

2. What’s the right attitude toward GE foods?

A．The UK government supports GE foods.	B．George Eustice is against GE foods.
C．Some consumers object to GE foods being sold.	D．Britain’s biggest supermarkets welcome GE foods.

3. All of the following can help reduce the disease EXCEPT ________.

A．vitamin D-boosted tomatoes’	B．mushrooms that don’t go brown
C．bread that reduces cancer risk from burnt toast	D．chickens resistant to bird flu

8 . Since the 2010s, people have become more conscious about immunity. Everyone wants his immunity to be strong. That’s why people try to eat such things which can increase immunity. People think about what to eat to keep the immune system strong, but most of them do not pay attention to what are the things that bring down the immunity.

In today’s time, people prefer to eat junk food which harms the body. Due to this, not only the stomach health deteriorates but the immunity also starts weakening. Immunity suffers a lot due to stomach related problems. Due to bad effects on immunity, we often remain ill. If you also fall ill again and again, then one reason behind this could be a weak immune system.     1    .

Excessive sugar

One becomes so addicted to sugar that without it one even starts having a headache. Apart from tea, coffee, people also consume sugar through cold drinks or other things. There is a risk of swelling in the body due to its excessive consumption.     2    . Sugar is prepared by refining. Therefore, it is no less than a threat to health. Sugar causes damage to immune cells.

Caffeine habit

    3    . There is a risk of immunity going down due to the caffeine present in them. According to experts, excessive caffeine harms the body. One should not consume things containing caffeine about 4 hours before sleeping.

    4    

Alcohol addiction can even prove fatal. The liver of people addicted to alcohol starts weakening. Try to give up the habit of alcohol or cigarette.

Junk food

    5    . Oily and spicy things are delicious but their continuous consumption makes us sick from within. Flour is used in everything that has no fiber at all. In such a situation, the stomach remains weak due to which the immune system also has to bear the loss.

A．Less drinks

B．Alcohol habit

C．This also leads to obesity

D．Addiction to tea or coffee also makes us sick

E．Be it adults or children, generally everyone likes to eat outside

F．To prevent it from becoming weak, stay away from these things

G．Excessive consumption of sugar is harmful to your immune system

9 . It is quite true that nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of health. On the other hand, being healthier can be a huge challenge, especially if you don’t have the time or the energy.     1    That is because there are small changes you can make to your life where you can improve your health and still be lazy. Just start with eating well.

Eat your meals with your non-dominant hand.

Which is your non-dominant hand? For example, if you’re a right-hander, then your left hand is. Usually fork in your left hand, right? OK!     2     You’ll eat more slowly and probably consume less food.

Add in healthy food.

You can buy those Milano cookies, but also make an effort to buy frozen fruits for smoothies (奶昔) and snap pea crisps to snack on, too.     3    

Drink a glass of water before every meal.

Water will fill you up a little bit, so you won’t be hungry as a wolf at meal. Make it a habit to keep a water bottle nearby at all times, whether you’re in your house or on the go. That we should drink at least 8 cups of water every day makes sense.

Drink coffee.

Right!    4    More importantly, people who drink three to five cups of coffee a day are less likely to show early symptoms of heart disease. Don’t skip out of your morning cup of coffee or that afternoon pick-me-up.

    5    

People who eat on smaller plates end up eating less food. Buy a few inexpensive smaller plates and bowls if yours are large. You’ll think you’ve eaten more than you have.

Besides, just stretching your legs after meals every day will help a lot more.

A．Eat on smaller plates.

B．Never a coach potato!

C．A lucky dog you are now.

D．Caffeine truly refreshes you.

E．Stop eating when you feel full, never overeat.

F．Try using your right hand as your fork hand, rather than your left one.

G．Over time, fewer cookies and more healthy snacks you will have on hand.