1 . Take a look at your fingers. Would you believe me if I told you that the length of your fingers in relation to one another can predict your personality? I know that it sounds like one of those silly tests you see on Facebook, but I have to admit that it was spot-on for me.
Look at your three middle fingers of your left hand. Is your index finger(食指)longer than your ring finger? Is your ring finger longer than your index finger? Or are the two the same length?
Category 1: A longer ring finger. If your ring finger is longer than your index finger, research shows that you’re likely a charming type, and you can probably talk yourself out of any situation. Others often find this personality type irresistible(无法抵制的)and will go to great lengths to help you. You’re more likely to take risks, and you’re good at problem-solving. People in this category make great engineers, soldiers and crossword-puzzle solvers.
Category 2: A longer index finger. If your index finger is longer than your ring finger, chances are that you are full of confidence — possibly even to the point of being over-confident and too proud. You are not necessarily shy, but you do enjoy time to yourself especially when you’re trying to complete a project. You are a determined go-getter who can make things happen, but you may be shy when it comes to taking the first step in building up a friendship. You are also probably happy with what you have, but you’re always wishing for more.
Category 3: The two are the same length. If your index finger and ring finger are roughly the same length, you are likely to avoid conflict at all costs and seek to keep the peace in your relationships. You are well-organized, faithful and sympathetic. But deep down under all of that caring and peace-loving, you also can go mad unexpectedly when you’re pushed too far.
How well did these descriptions match your personality? I was surprised at the accuracy in my case.
1. What might people with a long ring finger tend to be like?A.Creative. | B.Attractive. | C.Hard-working. | D.Harm-hearted. |
A.They are not welcome most of the time. |
B.They always feel confident and never feel shy. |
C.They are always satisfied with what they have. |
D.They prefer to be left alone when working on a project. |
A.The crossword-puzzle solver. | B.The adventurer. |
C.The peacemaker. | D.The sweet talker. |
A.Never believe the silly tests on Facebook. |
B.The length of fingers can show personality. |
C.Why your fingers are not of the same length. |
D.How to find out about one’s personality exactly. |
2 . It is reported that the sense of smell plays a dominant role in the social interactions of all land animals except humans. Then the question arises: Is this because humans don’t use their noses in social settings the way all other land animals do? Or is this behavior covert (隐蔽的), rather than overt, in humans?
In fact, this is exactly what Inbal Ravreby, a graduate student in Prof. Noam Sobel’s laboratory in Weizmann’s Brain Sciences Department, tried to answer. And as several lines of evidence suggest that humans are constantly, although mostly subconsciously, sniffing themselves and others, Ravreby supposed that the latter is the case.
To test her hypothesis, Ravreby conducted the study with pairs of click friends: same-sex nonromantic friends whose friendships had originally formed very rapidly. Because such friendships emerge prior to an in-depth acquaintance, they may be particularly influenced by physiological characteristics such as body smell. She then collected body smell samples from these click friends and conducted two sets of experiments to compare the samples with those collected from random pairs of individuals. In one set of experiments, she performed the comparison with a device known as an electronic nose, or eNose, which assessed the chemical signatures of the smells. In the other, she asked volunteers to smell the two groups of body smell samples in order to assess similarities measured by human perception. In both types of experiments, click friends were found to smell significantly more like each other than the individuals in the random pairs.
Next, to rule out the possibility that body smell similarity was a consequence of click friendships, rather than a contributing cause, Ravreby performed an additional set of experiments, in which she used the eNose to “smell” a number of volunteers who were complete strangers to one another, and then asked them to engage in nonverbal (非言语的) social interactions in pairs. After each such structured interaction, the participants rated the other individual in terms of how much they liked that person. Subsequent analysis revealed that the individuals who had more positive interactions indeed smelled more like each other, as determined by the eNose.
“These results imply that, as the saying goes, there is chemistry in social chemistry,” Ravreby concludes. However, Sobel offers words of caution, “This is not to say that we act like dogs or goats — humans likely rely on other, far more dominant signals in their social decision-making. Nevertheless, our study’s results do suggest that our nose plays a bigger role than previously thought in our choice of friends.”
1. What did Inbal Ravreby want to figure out?A.Whether humans have a sharp sense of smell. |
B.Whether humans’ noses can detect all types of smells. |
C.Whether it is necessary for humans to sniff other people. |
D.Whether the sense of smell plays a role in humans’ interaction. |
A.The way to make comparisons. | B.The participation of random pairs. |
C.The way volunteers used the eNose. | D.The number of pairs of click friends. |
A.To determine the reliability of the finding. |
B.To avoid interactions between click friends. |
C.To make the experiments much more interesting. |
D.To test the accuracy of the eNose in smell analysis. |
A.Disapproving. | B.Doubtful. |
C.Positive. | D.Indifferent. |
3 . As time goes on, neuroscientists learn more about the wonders of human brains. The deeper understanding offers ways to enhance your brain to work in your favor. You don’t have to be a brain scientist to do it!
When you hear the word hack, you might be reminded of the snaky computer science term. Computer hackers need to understand the inner workings of a computer to break into its system.
Neurohackers use their knowledge of how the brain works to change though patterns, like daily habits. Doing this requires understanding the way habits form in the brain. Whenever you repeat a task, the brain connects its wires together between brain cells. Over time, these habits become hardwired into the brains.
Below the conscious mind lives the subconscious, a deeper mental space that hosts what you have previously engraved into your mind.
A.Find out what neurohacking is. |
B.The same goes for neurohackers. |
C.Just learn how to hack your brain. |
D.How can you improve your mindfulness? |
E.How do you change those undesirable habits? |
F.Habits free up our brains so that we can learn new things. |
G.With proper practices, you’ll build a deeper awareness of your own brain. |
4 . Mark Bertram, 46, lost the tips of two fingers at work in 2018 when his hand became trapped in a fan belt. “It's life-changing but it's not life-ending,” he says. “Doing work is harder now. Everything is just a little different.”
After two surgeries and occupational therapy, Bertram decided to make light of his condition by asking Eric Catalano, a tattoo (纹身) artist, to create fingernail tattoos. The idea made everyone in the studio laugh—until they saw the final result. “The mood changed,” Catalano recalls from his Eternal Ink Tattoo Studio. “Everything turned from funny to wow.”
When Catalano posted a photo of the tattoos, a pair of fingernails that looked so real that no one could believe their eyes, he had no idea the image would eventually be viewed by millions of people around the world.
The viral photo pushed Catalano, 40, further into the world of paramedical (辅助医疗的) tattooing. Now people with life-altering scars come from as far away as Ireland to visit his shop. They enter Eternal Ink looking for the artistic healing they saw online. Using flesh-toned (肉色的) inks and a needle, Catalano transforms his clients' view of themselves.
Leslie Pollan, 32, a dog breeder in Oxford, was bitten on the face by a puppy in 2014. She underwent countless surgeries to correct a scar on her lip.
“Plastic surgery gave me no hope,” she says. “So I looked for other options.” She ultimately traveled six hours to meet with Catalano. He hid Pollan's lip scar, giving her back a piece of her confidence.“ You don't understand until you've been through it,” Pollan says. “It made me have a different look on life.”
Catalano performs up to eight reconstructive tattoos. While he charges $100 per regular tattoo, he doesn't charge for paramedical tattoos. “Financially, it doesn't make sense,” Catalano says. “But every time I see that emotion from my customers, I'm 100 percent sure this is something that I can't stop doing.”
1. What best describes people's attitude when first hearing of fingernail tattoos?A.Indifferent. | B.Ridiculous. |
C.Confident. | D.Surprised. |
A.He drew an artistic puppy. |
B.He inked scars on her face. |
C.He created a lip tattoo. |
D.He performed plastic surgeries on her. |
A.Cosmetic surgery is of no use. |
B.Tattoos earn Mark Bertram a good fame. |
C.Catalano is a kind and generous person. |
D.Fingernail tattoos are popular around the world. |
A.A Life-changing Event | B.Miracle Tattoos |
C.An Amazing Artist | D.A Promising Business |
5 . Sneezing is one of the many wonders of the human body and one of our protective reflexes (反射动作). When something stimulates the inside of our nose - such as dust or pollen - the tiny nerve endings inside our nose send a message to our brain that in turn sends out messages to many parts of our body to release the sneeze.
Sometimes you feel the urge to sneeze when you're in a meeting or during the quiet part of a play or concert. You might do your best to stifle the reflex so you don't sneeze. But it's better to interrupt your coworkers and seatmates than risk health consequences, say researchers.
According to a case described in the journal BMJ Case Reports, a 34 - year - old in Leicester in the U. K. ended up hurting his throat while trying to hold in a forceful sneeze. The man said he felt a “popping” sensation in his neck after pinching (捏) his nose and holding his mouth closed to stop a sneeze. The pressure didn't have anywhere to go, so it tore the soft tissue. The man had to be fed by a tube after the incident and eventually made a full recovery.
I know all sorts of sneezers, quiet ones and loud ones. Each person is different. As Dr. Mitchell Grayson, a professor at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, explains, “Some people have bouts (一阵) of sneezing. It's a neurologic reflex, and it depends on the person. Some people may have 10 to 20 sneezes in a row.” It usually depends on the level of irritation in your nose, because you'll keep sneezing until you get it out.
The saying that your eyes will pop out of your head if you sneeze with them open is false. Our eyes shutting tight when we sneeze is simply a reflex, much like our leg going up when our knee is tapped. It doesn't really have a good reason 一 it just happens.
1. What does the underlined word “stifle” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Stop | B.Relax |
C.Strengthen | D.Change |
A.To introduce a new topic | B.To support the second paragraph |
C.To summarize previous paragraphs | D.To highlight the main idea of the text |
A.The personal habits | B.The emotional state |
C.The health condition | D.The stimulation level |
A.the pressure has nowhere to go | B.they don't want to hurt their throat |
C.their eyes may pop out | D.a protective reflex happens |
6 . Losing a baby tooth can be fun for a kid. You can put it under your pillow and look forward to finding some money there in the morning. And then you can watch your new permanent(永恒的)tooth grow in its place.
But if a permanent tooth falls out, that's a problem. There isn't another one under the gum(齿龈)that can replace it. Unfortunately, this happens to some older people. And if permanent teeth fall out or need to be pulled, an older person might need dentures.
Dentures,known as false teeth, are a set of replacement teeth for any teeth that are missing.
There are partial dentures, which take the place of only a few teeth and prevent the others from changing position. If all the teeth are gone, the person would need complete dentures,which replace every tooth in the mouth.
Dentures can cause pains at first but take little time to get used to.They also need special care. They should be brushed daily with a special denture brush and cleanser and soaked(浸泡) in denture solution when not in the mouth.
Dentures are important for the old because, without teeth, it's hard to smile, talk, and eat properly. But it can be a little weird if you see someone take out his or her dentures. It can also be strange to see someone, like a grandparent, without dentures in because he or she won't have any teeth. Try not to make fun of the person because this could cause hurt feelings.
People usually lose their permanent teeth due to periodontal disease (牙周炎), or gum disease, which is caused by bacteria that attack the gums. Diseased gums aren't strong and healthy, so teeth can get loose and fall out. Older people often have many cavities (洞) that have been filled over the years, and these fillings can weaken over time, leading to more tooth problems.
1. If one of your baby teeth falls out, you_______A.should have a false tooth fixed in its place |
B.will gain a permanent tooth in future. |
C.have to put it under your pillow at once |
D.can exchange it for some money |
A.will experience unpleasant feelings at the beginning |
B.will spend a very long time adjusting himself or herself to them |
C.should brush them with a special denture brush every few days |
D.should use denture solution to soak them in his or her mouth |
A.Partial dentures can prevent the remaining teeth from changing position. |
B.Old people will find it hard to smile, talk, and eat properly without teeth. |
C.A person's teeth will possibly get loose if diseases strike his gums. |
D.It is hard for a person to wear dentures if all his teeth have fallen out. |
A.inconvenient | B.excited | C.strange | D.impolite |
7 . Things Could Happen If You Keep Rubbing Your Eyes
Rubbing eyes can often result in significant damage, from causing eye disease to making existing conditions worse and increasing your risk of infection. Here are things that can happen if you keep rubbing your eyes.
People who are nearsighted may find that rubbing eyes results in worse eyesight. Nearly 9.6 million people are what is known as highly nearsighted and their eyes degraded over time, according to research from the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
•You'll give yourself an infectionIf you rub your eyes hard enough, you might cause tiny blood vessels in your eyes to break. That could result in bloodshot eyes. The blood will then flow to surrounding tissue.
A.If your eyes get infected |
B.No matter how often you wash your hands |
C.You'll lose your eyesight and become blind |
D.Since not all know the harm of rubbing eyes |
E.You'll make your nearsightedness much worse |
F.Rubbing eyes can injure more than your eyeballs |
G.This might give you those dark circles under your eyes |
8 . Hair Loss (Alopecia)
Information about male pattern baldness(秃顶) causes, triggers and treatment in the UK
In contrary to popular belief, hair loss—or alopecia—can start at any age. While it is associated with mature males, and statistics show it does mainly affect men above 40, the reality is you can notice symptoms in your 30s, or even 20s and teen years. The NHS statistics state that 25% of men start losing their hair by the time they reach 30. The most common form of hair loss is male pattern baldness—also known as androgenic alopecia—that affects more than half of men around the world.
One option many men seek is treatment to avoid further hair loss, especially early on in the process. With treatments, such as Propecia, that specifically target male pattern baldness, it is possible to stop hair loss completely and even encourage fresh new hair growth.
What is alopecia?
Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss. Most commonly affecting males, hair loss in men is caused by an increased sensitivity to the male sex hormones (androgens). The type of alopecia you have (as well as hereditary and external factors) can influence levels of hair loss. The most common type of hair loss (alopecia) is male and female pattern baldness. Other types include:
* Alopecia areata (patches of baldness, usually on the scalp)
* Scarring alopecia (hair loss directly affecting the hair follicles)
* Telogen effluvium (hair thinning over a larger area on the top of the head, rather than bald patches)
* Anagen effluvium(most commonly caused by cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy)
1. Which of the following statements is FALSE about Propecia?A.It can stop hair loss almost in all cases. |
B.People can buy it online without doctor visit. |
C.It encourages new hair growth in rare cases. |
D.it is especially effective on male pattern baldness. |
A.hair loss causes | B.hair loss symptoms |
C.preventing hair loss | D.treating hair loss |
9 . How to Strengthen Teeth Naturally
◆Get the right nutrients(营养)
Make sure you’re getting 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium(钙) a day. You probably know calcium helps keep your bones strong.
◆
Aim to eat a wide variety of fruits and vegetables in your weekly diet. Try selecting a variety of colors when choosing your produce, as that ensures you’ll be getting a wide variety of vitamins. Fill your plate up halfway with fruits and vegetables at every meal, then fill the rest of your plate with some protein and whole grains.
◆Brush your teeth twice a day
To brush well, hold your toothbrush at a 45℃ angle to your teeth. Brush all the surfaces of your teeth gently and try to brush for at least 2 minutes.
◆Visit your dentist regularly
Visit your dentist at least once a year for x-rays and cleaning.
◆Quit smoking
You probably are aware that smoking causes lung cancer and other health problems. In addition, it can also weaken bone tissue, including your teeth. If you’ve been thinking about quitting, now may be the time.
A.These visits help find problems before they begin. |
B.These foods naturally clean your teeth, helping to keep them strong. |
C.Eat a balanced diet |
D.The same is true for your teeth. |
E.Set a timer to help you brush longer! |
F.Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium properly. |
G.Strong teeth are important for a healthy mouth! |
10 . Researchers at Brigham found about one in five teenagers now have some degree of hearing damage. The researchers did not say why hearing loss has risen, but other experts have strong suspicions. One likely culprit, they say, is MP3 players.
An MP3 player can be dangerous to hearing when its decibel level is turned up too high. High-decibel sounds can damage nerve endings, called hair cells. If a sound is loud enough, the damage can be permanent. A loud sound can shake the membrane (薄膜) on which the hair cells sit- “like an earthquake”. That shake can break or even uproot hair cells. When that happens, the hair cells are finished. Human ears cannot regrow hair cells. Therefore, when listening to an MP3 player, set a volume limit and avoid exposure to loud sounds.
On the other hand, the loudness of today’s music may not be totally under your control. Music companies have been purposely turning up the volume. It’s a trend called the fight for loudness.
Play a CD from the 1990s. Then play a newly released tune. Don’t touch the volume control. You’ll probably notice that the new CD sounds louder than the old one. Why? Sound engineers who create CDs are using dynamic range compression (压缩), a technology that makes the quiet parts of a song louder and the loud parts quieter. The overall effect of compression is a louder recording.
Many musicians and sound engineers aren’t pleased. They say that compression is driving down the quality of today, s music, making it sound flat and blaring. Gray Hobish, a sound engineer, explains that music should be a combination of loudness and softness. But music companies want to make music louder so it will stand out. That’s important in the competition among recording companies.
What about listeners? Many teenagers listen to music on the go in noisy places and through headphones, all of which reduce sound quality. So young listeners may not notice the poorer quality of modem recordings. “To their ears,” says Hobish, “the music sounds fine. And they are not aware of the hidden threat of the music they are enjoying.”
1. The phrase “like an earthquake” in Para. 2 aims to explain .A.that volume can strongly affect parts of the ear |
B.how our body is unable to regrow hair cells |
C.how much damage the ear can avoid |
D.that hair cells are easily damaged |
A.New technology improves the quality of music. |
B.Young listeners today prefer louder sound. |
C.Music companies sacrifice quality for loudness. |
D.Sound engineers face tough competition. |
A.The Loudness War |
B.Your Hearing Is Going! |
C.The Damaged Ears |
D.Are You a Good Listener? |