1 . Back pain can make it difficult for many people to function in everyday life.
Our bodies need adequate movement throughout the day to avoid the stiffness that contributes to aches and pains. If the weather is good, don't hunt for the nearest parking spot; don't take the elevator when you have the option of one or two flights of stairs. When you need to sit for long periods, set a timer to get up every hour and be active for just a few minutes.
When we overuse our dominant side, we create muscle patterns of weakness and tension that increase pain, especially in our backs. Consider the actions you take repeatedly throughout the day that shift your weight to one side.
Psychological stress is a noted risk factor for back pain, according to research. Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future.
A.Switch sides when you carry things. |
B.It affects how you move, feel and think. |
C.You should learn more about the cause of your pain. |
D.Approach the health of your back as a responsibility. |
E.So actively being mindful of the present reduces stress. |
F.You'd better take a quick break to check in with your breathing. |
G.More minutes of movement add up to big health benefits over time. |
2 . In English it’s common to say, “I know this town like the back of my hand!” While we may know our towns really well, how well do we actually know our hands? Maybe not quite as well as we think, said a scientific study.
Matthew Longo and his team from University College London studied the left hands of 100 people. With their hands placed palms down under a board, Longo’s team gave the instruction to point to their knuckles and fingertips with a marker. How did they do? Not that well.
“People think their hand is wider than it actually is,” said Longo. He said they also seemed to think their fingers were shorter than their true lengths. People were most accurate when finding their thumbs, but became less accurate with each finger, up to their little fingers.
“It is connected to our sense of position,” explained Longo. Humans know where different parts of our bodies are, even if we can’t see them. “It tells us whether a joint is straight or not,” said Longo. “We also need to know the distances between our joints,” he went on. Our brains know the sizes and shapes of our bodies from the maps they make for themselves. “This experiment tried to find those maps,” he said.
Maybe maps don’t need to be perfect. But why aren’t our brains more accurate? Longo said our brains “see” areas based on our sense of touch, with the stronger the sense of touch in a specific body part, the bigger that body part seems. An example is our lips. As they have more nerves than our noses, our brain’s map shows our lips are bigger. The same thing can happen with body parts that have a lot of nerves. If you’ve ever had something stuck in your teeth, it probably felt huge! That’s because our tongues also have lots of nerves.
If you want to have some fun, try this test with your classmates. Get some boards and some markers and have them mark the spots where they think their knuckles and fingertips are. Compare their hands to the marker spots and see how well they have performed.
1. Why is the saying mentioned in Para. 1?A.To test readers. | B.To serve as a topic. | C.To prove a scientific study. | D.To attract readers’ interest. |
A.Thumbs are bigger. | B.Thumbs are much stronger. |
C.Thumbs may have more nerves. | D.Thumbs may have strong sense of position. |
A.Sizes. | B.Brains. | C.Shapes. | D.Maps. |
A.To find the maps in human brains. | B.To draw the maps in human brains. |
C.To figure out how different senses cooperate. | D.To help people locate their body parts accurately. |
3 . How tall are you? Do you tower over your friends and family - or are they people you literally have to look up to?
Of course, our height is out of our control.
In a recent study scientists have discovered a brain receptor, called MC3R, linked to our growing process.
For those eager to be taller, we need to look at the Dutch, who stand head and shoulders above the rest of us as the tallest people in the world. But, of course tall people have to stoop (俯身) through doorways and struggle to fit in cars and can have joint and cardiovascular problems.
A.Are you getting as tall as you want to be? |
B.It’s a biological fact influenced partly by genetics. |
C.So maybe we should be careful for what we wish for. |
D.Obviously, we’re not all the same, and size doesn’t really matter. |
E.It’s thought to be the crucial link between food and sex development and growth. |
F.There is a ceiling for height, and it’s reached when people achieve their genetic potential. |
G.If this makes you want to be taller, it’s good to know we are taller than we were 150 years ago. |
4 . Perhaps you use your headphones to enjoy music and peace and quiet during the day. But you may be neglecting the dangers of hearing loss with headphones.
In fact, headphones are not a bad thing. They can bring peace, allow for better musical enjoyment, and even protect your ears from higher decibels(分贝).
How long should you wear your headphones every day? The answer is, according to the World Health Organization, one hour per day.
Then, how do you set the safest volume for your headphones? With headphones, it depends on the type you’re using and your environment. To test things out, you should take them off your ears and extend them in your hands out in front of you.
A.This might seem unreasonable to you. |
B.At times, hearing loss isn’t permanent. |
C.l in 5 teens will have some types of hearing loss. |
D.What’s more concerning is what that means for children. |
E.It’s the duration and volume that cause the problem, however. |
F.If you still hear your music clearly, you need to turn them down. |
G.It’s a wonderful thing to shut out the rest of the world and enjoy your music. |
5 . As time goes on, neuroscientists learn more about the wonders of human brains. The deeper understanding offers ways to enhance your brain to work in your favor. You don’t have to be a brain scientist to do it!
When you hear the word hack, you might be reminded of the snaky computer science term. Computer hackers need to understand the inner workings of a computer to break into its system.
Neurohackers use their knowledge of how the brain works to change though patterns, like daily habits. Doing this requires understanding the way habits form in the brain. Whenever you repeat a task, the brain connects its wires together between brain cells. Over time, these habits become hardwired into the brains.
Below the conscious mind lives the subconscious, a deeper mental space that hosts what you have previously engraved into your mind.
A.Find out what neurohacking is. |
B.The same goes for neurohackers. |
C.Just learn how to hack your brain. |
D.How can you improve your mindfulness? |
E.How do you change those undesirable habits? |
F.Habits free up our brains so that we can learn new things. |
G.With proper practices, you’ll build a deeper awareness of your own brain. |
6 . Wisdom teeth removal is common for many people in their late teens and early 20s. But why don’t they come in during childhood with the rest of our permanent teeth?
The answer comes down to child development. There’s not enough room in a child’s jaw for wisdom teeth.
However, many modern human jaws don’t grow long enough for wisdom teeth to come in. Ancient humans ate diets full of hard nuts, uncooked vegetables, and other tough foods.
There is another reason wisdom teeth grow in later.
Nowadays, dentists often remove wisdom teeth because their emergence can cause pain in crowded mouths. Or it can cause problems and tooth damage later on.
A.Children have small jaws. |
B.They’re not needed until then. |
C.But as a kid grows, their jaw grows too. |
D.Following this diet actually makes the jaw grow longer. |
E.Most people have 32 teeth, including four wisdom teeth. |
F.In other words, your wisdom teeth are programmed to erupt as a backup. |
G.Not all wisdom teeth pop through the gums during the late teens and early 20s. |
7 . If you’re a primate (灵长目动物) or a koala, you have something different compared to other animals: fingerprints. Now, a new study explains how our fingerprints help us keep a grip on the surfaces that we come into contact with — and it’s all to do with regulating moisture (水分). Researchers decided to investigate this using advanced laser imaging technology and discovered a finely tuned system controlling how wet or dry our fingertips are. That means our fingers are able to react to the various types of surfaces they’re pushed up against, making the grip as strong as possible with everything from a phone to an umbrella,and preventing “catastrophic slip”where we lose hold of objects.
Close-up (特写镜头) laser imaging of volunteers touching glass showed that when fingertips make contact with hard, impermeable surfaces, extra moisture is released to increase friction and grip. However, the sweat pores are eventually blocked off to avoid contacts that are too slippery.
This sweat-pore-blocking technique is combined with an accelerated evaporation process, controlled by the ridges (隆起) of the fingerprint, that comes into play when excessive moisture needs to be removed-again,with the ultimate aim of keeping a strong contact between finger and object.
Working together, the two biological mechanisms are able to adapt to surfaces whether our fingers are originally wet or dry: They provide the keratin(角质) skin layer with just the right amount of hydration (水合作用). That gives us skills that smooth-handed and smooth-footed animals don’t have.
Besides telling us more about the human body, the research is likely to help product designers who need to design a gadget (小装置) that humans need to interact with, such as a smartphone.
Further down the line, the findings might even benefit the development of grip on prosthetic (假体的) limbs and robotic equipment, as well as devices that are used to explore virtual reality environment (where the sensation of touch might need to be simulated).
1. Why does the author refer to a koala?A.To explain different species are often in conflict. |
B.To indicate people know little about its fingerprints. |
C.To introduce the newly discovered function of fingerprints. |
D.To highlight its reliance on fingerprints. |
A.Transparent. | B.Waterproof. | C.Uneven. | D.Invisible. |
A.The sweat pores are closed for a while when we hold things. |
B.The time when the sweat pores work is controlled by the ridges of the fingerprint. |
C.The ridges of the fingerprint are insensitive to excessive moisture. |
D.Prosthetic limbs and robotic equipment benefit most from the findings. |
A.No Fingerprints, No Grip |
B.Irreplaceable Benefits of Fingerprints |
C.Two Biological Mechanisms Matter for a Grip |
D.Fingerprints Give a Better Grip |
8 . While learning the science lessons, I used to get a doubt-why ears, nose, tongue and eyes should be called as special senses? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings. Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs, they do show some connectivity. Interestingly, our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food. Isn't it good for a sound nap after a stomach-full meal? That does not mean we go deaf after a meal, but the hearing pitch does change after a heavy meal.
We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue, but do you know that unless saliva dissolves something, our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten?Taste is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue. Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something.
Women are much better smellers than men. They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly pinpoint the exact fragrance of the sample. We all can store almost 50, 000 different scents, which are strongly tied to the memories.
Pupils do not respond to light alone, but to the slightest bit of noise around too. Thus surgeons, watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment. Even a small noise can dilate their pupils, change the focus and blur their vision. If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision, you are just among the one third of the human population. It is now statistically proved that only one third of the population has perfect vision, the rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision.
Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell, which is unique to us, except for the identical twins. This smell is very subtle yet can be sensed even by a newborn. It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around. Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues. A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also changed by the environment, diet and personal hygiene. This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.
1. What does the example of “heavy meal and hearing” in the first paragraph prove?A.Every sensory organs has its specific function. |
B.We easily fall asleep after eating a heavy meal |
C.We feel the world through our eyes, ears, nose and tongue. |
D.All the individual sensory organs are actually connected. |
A.Our sense of taste becomes sharper when our tongue is dry. |
B.The chemical dissolved in the saliva helps digest food eaten. |
C.Saliva plays an important role in identifying the taste of food. |
D.The taste buds works better when there is less saliva in the mouth. |
A.A craftsman who is working on a diamond. | B.An actor who is doing rehearsal. |
C.A pilot who is flying a plane. | D.An engineer who is checking machines. |
A.The identical genes guide him. | B.He can recognize their unique smell |
C.He can hear their individual voices. | D.The sensor in his brain picks them out. |
A.The discovery of special senses. | B.The functions of sensory organs. |
C.The connectivity of our organs. | D.The differences in sense among people. |
9 . Much information can be conveyed, purely through our eyes, so the expression “eyes also talk” is often heard.
Can you recall any experience that further proves this statement? On a bus you may quickly glance at a stranger, but not make eye contact. If he senses that he is being stared at, he may feel uncomfortable.
It is the same in daily life. If you are stared at for more than necessary, you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong with you. If nothing goes wrong, you will feel angry about other's staring at you that way. Eyes do convey information, right?
Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive. But things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex. If a man looks at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to turn away his gaze, his intentions are obvious. That is, he wishes to attract her attention, to make her understand that he is showing affection for her.
However, the normal eye contact for two people engaged in conversation is that the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking, to tell him that he is attentive.
If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking, as if he tries to control you, you will feel uneasy. A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim, since he believes the false idea that to look straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.
In fact, continuous eye contact happens between lovers only, who will enjoy looking at each other tenderly for a long time, to show love that words cannot express.
Evidently, eye contact should be done according to the relationship between two people and the specific situation.
1. What may a person usually do on a bus?A.Glance at a stranger with eye contact. | B.Use eyes to talk to a stranger politely. |
C.Glance at a stranger without eye contact. | D.Talk to a stranger politely after a quick glance. |
A.He thinks that he is honest. | B.He wants to control the victim. |
C.He feels uneasy about others’ eye contact. | D.He looks straight at the victim for too long a time. |
A.He likes her eyes. | B.He admires her. |
C.He knows her well. | D.He makes contact with her. |
A.Eyes Can Also “Talk” | B.How to Make Eye Contact |
C.Different Ways of Expressing Thoughts | D.The Importance of Body Language |
10 . Only one in three adolescents are practising appropriate hand hygiene(卫生), a new global study involving University of Queensland researchers has found.
Dr Yaqoot Fatima from UQ’s Institute for Social Science Research said there was a renewed emphasis on adequate hand hygiene with COVID-19. “We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey from 92 countries across the six WHO regions to examine the prevalence (普遍)of hand hygiene practices in adolescents worldwide,” Dr Fatima said, “Our results highlight that globally, adolescents practice inadequate hand hygiene. Adolescents who reported unhealthy behaviours such as being more seated, smoking, and experiencing bullying at school were more likely to practise inappropriate hand hygiene than their peers. In comparison, parental support and bonding emerged as a key factor associated with adequate hand hygiene practices in adolescents.”
The researchers examined 354,422 adolescents aged 13–17 years to demonstrate the considerable cross-country variations in hand hygiene practices. Dr Fatima said that although access to soap and water was an issue, around 60 percent of adolescents were not practising appropriate hand hygiene even when they had access to water and soap. While access to handwashing facilities and knowledge of proper hygiene is important for practising adequate hand hygiene, the study showed that the knowledge-behaviour gap is a major reason for insufficient hand hygiene practices.
Bullying prevention at school, systematic combination of health and hygiene education in the school curriculum and peer-led behaviour could be strategies to reduce inappropriate hand hygiene practices in adolescents. The positive role of parental support and bonding suggests that interventions (干预) aiming to improve adolescent hand hygiene should focus on parents and seek their active involvement in designing and delivering those interventions. “With these strategies adopted properly, we are sure to raise public awareness of hand hygiene practices.” Dr Fatima said.
1. What can be inferred from Dr Fatima’s words in paragraph. 2?A.Adolescents in Queensland practice adequate hand hygiene. |
B.Adequate hand hygiene is reemphasized due to COVID-19. |
C.Adolescents practicing adequate hand hygiene are more likely to smoke. |
D.Parental support plays a limited role in adequate hand hygiene practices. |
A.Serious bullying problems at school. |
B.No access to handwashing equipment. |
C.Poor knowledge of appropriate hygiene. |
D.The gap between knowledge and behaviour. |
A.Confident. | B.Indifferent. |
C.Worried. | D.Ambiguous. |