2 . 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的单词或短语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空。

Nowadays people’s screen time is really much. Both adults     1     teens spend a large deal of time in front of their smart phones, computers and TVs. It     2    (show) that nearly one-third of adults spend more than half their awake time     3    (use) smart phones, iPads or computers. As for teens, they spend over seven hours every day in front of screens.

Looking at a screen for a long time is harmful     4     our eyes. Our eyes hurt if they get     5    (tire). Our eyesight may become even     6    (bad) in the long term. Doctors suggest that we take     7     break from screens every 10 to 20 minutes. Whenever our eyes hurt, even if they hurt slightly, we should immediately take a step back from the screen     8    (relax) our eyes.

In today’s society, it may not seem that we can cut screens out     9    (entire). But with     10    (disadvantage) that can affect our eyes, there is a good reason to cut down our screen time.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Gray Hair Can Return to Its Original Color

Few signs of old age are clearer than the sight of gray hair.     1     we grow older, our strands of hair lose their youthful color. Although this may seem like a permanent change, new research reveals that gray hairs     2     miraculously regain color — at least temporarily.

In one 1972 paper, the late doctor Stanley Comaish reported an isolated case of a 38-year-old man, with his three strands     3    (be) light near the ends but dark near the roots. This signaled a reversal in the normal graying process,     4     begins at the root.

A new study from researchers at Columbia University is the first     5    (offer) quantitative evidence linking psychological stress to graying hair in people. Having analyzed individual hairs from 14 volunteers, researchers compared the results with each volunteer’s stress diary, in which individuals’ review of their calendars and each week’s level of stress rated are included.

When hairs were aligned with (与……对照) stress diaries, striking associations between stress and hair graying     6    (reveal) and, in some cases, there was a reversal of graying when stress was removed. There was one individual who went on a long vacation, and five hairs on that person’s head returned back to dark during the vacation.

Although it may seem easy to understand     7     stress can speed up graying, the researchers were surprised to discover that hair color can be restored when stress is eased. We could picture hair as a powerful tool to assess the effects of     8    (early) life events on aging — because hair provides a kind of physical record of past events, much    9     the rings of a tree. It’s pretty clear that the hair encodes part of your biological history in some way. Hair grows out of the body, and then it crystallizes into     10     hard and stable that holds the memory of your past.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Eyes are the window of our soul. We humans are only born    1    one set of eyes, so it is our job to take care of them. Almost all doctors agree    2    we can improve and maintain good eyesight by     3    (eat) lots of fresh vegetables. It is    4    (especial) important for us to eat vegetables like carrots and sweet potatoes.    5    , it is necessary    6    (protect) our eyes when we spend a long time in using computer, and we should take    7    short break every fifteen minutes to reduce the     8    (chance) of losing our eyesight. As the saying    9    (go), “It’s all fun and game, until someone loses an eye”. If you want to know more about protecting your eyes, please    10    (click)the following website.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Three Myths About Skin

We put importance into caring for skin since it’s the first thing other people see. Skin might be one of the least correctly     1     (interpret) parts of our bodies. So today, I’d like to run through three myths we have about skin.

Myth No. 1: Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect. When we talk of healthy skin, we     2     think of a clear and smooth surface. But skin is a living organ,     3     heart or lungs and any other complex organ, serving many functions, not just about what’s going on at the surface.

Myth No. 2: You only need sunscreen on sunny days. UV rays from the sun are so strong that     4     damage our cells’ DNA. There are two types that affect the skin. UVA rays damage protein in skin, quickening the pace of aging. UVB rays, meanwhile, cook the outer layer of the skin, causing sunburn.     5     our cells can repair that damage to some extent, it accumulates over time, and can lead to skin cancer. When our skin     6     (expose) to UV rays, it gets darker, which is the way of showing it’s been damaged. So by wearing sunscreen, even when it’s cloudy, you are protecting yourself from sunburn, early aging and skin cancer.

Myth No. 3: You can shrink pores. Pores are the tiny openings in our skin. They’re     7     let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin. Pore size is largely determined by genes,     8     function is to carry information for particular characteristics, and rarely changes. In other words, pores don’t really shrink. So stop     9     (spend) your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won’t block pores.

Our skin is     10     amazing organ, so let’s treat it right and forget about those myths, OK?

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当地内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Being nearsighted is more common     1     it once was. It occurs when eyeballs are longer than normal,     2     (change) the angle (角度) at which light enters the eye and therefore the ability to focus on distant objects.

More and more researchers indicate that     3     lack of direct sunlight may reshape the human eye and damage vision. Those     4     were exposed to the sun frequently, particularly between the ages 14 and 19, were about 25 percent     5     (little) likely to have developed nearsightedness by middle age.

So, how much sunlight should you get?

Scientist Kathryn Rose recommends at least 10 to 14 hours per week in addition to any time     6     (spend) outdoors while at school. This is the level at which her     7     (study) have found a preventative effect. Lower amounts of sunlight, like 3 to 6 hours,     8     (show) no effect on vision.

Ten to 14 hours a week may seem like a lot to you, but you need the sun for more than just your vision. Sunlight has a direct     9     (connect) to vitamin D levels, mood, and even weight.

And these benefits aren't limited to children. Exposure     10     sunlight up to the age of 30 also confers (授予) a protective benefit.

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Skin is not only large, but it is important. One of its jobs is to protect us,     1     keeps bad things out. But sometimes it fails.     2    (extreme) small bugs, called mites, can get under our skin. And when they do, they cause itching and great discomfort. So, to get under someone’s skin means to annoy them or to bug them. That’s just one definition of the     3    (express) “to get under someone’s skin.” It can also mean that someone is very     4    (attract) to you. You can’t stop thinking about them. You might even be obsessing about them.

There are many ways     5    (describe) people using the word “skin”. If someone is thick-skinned they are not easily hurt emotionally. You can criticize them or be unkind to them and it simply rolls off their back. Thin-skinned people,     6    , are easily hurt by criticism, even if it is not too severe. You have to be careful about     7     you say to thin-skinned people so as not to hurt their feelings.

If someone is suddenly very     8    (scare), you can say they nearly jumped out of their skin! For example, one day I saw my friend Sierra     9    (wait) at a bus stop. She was wearing headphones and did not hear me come up behind her. So, when I     10    (touch) her shoulder, she nearly jumped out of her skin!