1 . Has anyone ever told you, “Stand up straight!” or scolded you for sitting lazily at a family dinner? Comments like that might be annoying, but they’re not wrong.

    1     It is the foundation for every movement your body makes, and can determine how well your body adapts to the stresses on it. These stresses can be things like carrying weight, or sitting in an awkward position.     2    

If your posture isn’t good enough, your muscles have to work harder to keep you upright and balanced. Some muscles will become tight and inflexible.     3     It increases the likelihood of accidents, and makes some organs, like your lungs, less efficient.

So what does good posture look like? If you’re sitting, your neck should be vertical, not tilted forward. Your shoulders should be relaxed with your arms close to your trunk. Your knees should be at a right angle with your feet flat on the floor. But what if your posture can’t be that great?     4     For example, adjust your screen so it’s at or slightly below eye level. Make sure all parts of your body, like your elbows and wrists, are supported.

It’s also not enough to just have good posture. Keeping your muscles and joints moving is extremely important. In fact, being still for long periods with good posture can be worse than regular movement with bad posture.     5     And be sure to exercise. Using your muscles will keep them strong enough to support you effectively, on top of all the other benefits to your joints, bones, brain and heart.

A．Try redesigning your environment.

B．You adjust your body unless you feel tired.

C．So if you sit a lot, get up and move around on occasion.

D．And the big one that we all experience every day is gravity.

E．Besides, poor posture leads to extra wear and tear on your joints.

F．Posture can even influence your emotional state and your sensitivity to pain.

G．Your posture refers to the way you hold your body when you’re sitting or standing.

3 . 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

There is a saying, “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Although eating properly is important, being kind to others is also good for your health. Recent studies show that people who do kind acts are more relaxed, happier, and healthier than other people.

In one study at Arizona State University, researchers found that many volunteers experienced a sudden feeling of joy, followed by a long period of calmness, after doing a kind act. This feeling, called “a helper’s high”, may actually help reduce stress as the body produces natural painkillers.

Stress can cause serious health problems. It can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease, and it can also lead to overeating and sleeping problems. However, the study found that volunteers had fewer stress-related health problems when they did helpful things for other people.

The study also found that people who did nice things for others felt better about themselves as well. They had higher self-respect, and were happier. Many believe this is because volunteers spend more of their time with other people. People who are more outgoing are often healthier.

Another study at the University of Michigan’s Survey Research Center confirmed the health benefits of volunteering. A ten-year study of 2,700 men in Michigan showed that people who volunteered lived longer than those who didn’t. Although you shouldn’t need a reason to be helpful, it is nice to know that kindness may help you live longer.

1. According to Paragraph 1, what do recent studies show?
__________________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, what serious health problems can stress cause?
__________________________________________________________
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
>When volunteers did helpful things for other people, they had fewer stress-related health problems, felt better about others and respected others more.
__________________________________________________________
4. Besides the benefits mentioned in this passage, what do you think are some other benefits of volunteering? Why? (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________

4 . Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.     1     It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.

    2     We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.     3     This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.

It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.     4     For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.

Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.     5     This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.

A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.

B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.

C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.

D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.

E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.

F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.

G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.

5 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

World Health Day is celebrated every year on April 7, the founding day of the WHO.    1     (establish) in 1950, this event has a theme each year to draw attention to a current world health issue. The day is also used to highlight the     2     (important) of personal health. For common people, we can take some extra steps     3     (care) for our health like getting a gym membership (and going!) or starting a diet.

7 . How to boost your immune system

On the whole, your immune system does a remarkable job of defending you against disease-causing microorganisms.    1    Is it possible to fight the disease off? What if you improve your diet? Take certain vitamins or herbal preparations? Or make other lifestyle changes?

Now, researchers are exploring several factors, hoping to help you strengthen your immune system.

    2    Following general good-health guidelines is the single best step you can take toward naturally keeping your immune system working properly. Every part of your body, including your immune system, functions better when protected from environmental assaults and boosted by healthy-living strategies.

Like any fighting force, the immune system army marches on its stomach.    3    Scientists have long recognized that people who live in poverty and are malnourished are more vulnerable to infectious diseases.

Modern medicine has come to appreciate the closely linked relationship of mind and body. A wide variety of sicknesses, including stomach upset, and even heart disease, are linked to the effects of emotional stress.    4    

Regular exercise is one of the pillars of healthy living.    5    But does it help to boost your immune system naturally and keep it healthy? Just like a healthy diet, exercise can contribute to general good health and therefore to a healthy immune system.

A．Your first line of defense is to choose a healthy lifestyle.

B．But sometimes it fails: A virus then invades and makes you sick.

C．Healthy immune system warriors need good, regular nourishment.

D．Scientists are actively studying the relationship between stress and immune function.

E．That doesn’t mean the effects of lifestyle on the immune system shouldn’t be studied.

F．It lowers blood pressure, helps control body weight, and protects against a variety of diseases.

G．Despite the difficulties in measuring the relationship of vitamins to immunity, scientists are making progress.

8 . Going to sleep at a certain time is associated with a lower risk of developing heart disease, according to researchers. A team led by the U.K. -based University of Exeter found that going to sleep between 10 and 11 p.m. was beneficial compared to earlier or later bedtimes.

The research included 88,000 participants in the U.K. Biobank who were recruited between 2006 and 2010. The average age of the group — ranging from 43 to 79 years old — was 61 and 58 percent were women. Participants filled out demographic (人口统计的), lifestyle, health and physical questionnaires, according to a European Society of Cardiology news release. The study looked at the association between objectively measured sleep onset timing and cardiovascular disease using wrist-worn accelerometers, collecting a week’s worth of data.

Using Cox proportional hazards models, an age- and sex-controlled base analysis found that sleep on set time of 10 to 10:59 p.m. was associated with the lowest incidence of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. Another model that controlled for sleep duration, sleep irregularity and established cardiovascular risk factors like smoking status and body mass index did not reduce the impact of the association.

There was a 25 percent higher risk of cardiovascular disease with sleep onset at midnight or later, a 12 percent greater risk for 11 to 11:59 p.m. and a 24 percent raised risk for falling asleep before 10 p.m. compared to sleep onset from 10 to 10:59 p.m. More than 3,170 cases, or 3.6 percent, were reported during an average follow-up period of nearly six years. Sensitivity analyses revealed the association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease was stronger in women, with only sleep onset earlier than 10 p.m. significant for men.

“The body has a 24-hour internal clock, called circadian rhythm (昼夜节律), that helps regulate physical and mental functioning,” study author David Plans of the University of Exeter said in a statement. “While we cannot conclude causation from our study, the results suggest that early or late bedtimes may be more likely to disrupt the body clock, with adverse consequences for cardiovascular health.”

1. How many participants are male in the study?

A．34,320.

B．51,040.

C．53,680.

D．36,960.

2. Which of the following can reduce the risk of heart disease according the passage?

A．Sleeping regularly.	B．Sleeping at a proper time.
C．Adjusting the body clock.	D．Increasing sleep time.

3. Which of the following is the worst sleep onset time according to the passage?

A．9:00 p.m..

B．10:30 p.m..

C．11:00 p.m..

D．12:00 p.m..

4. How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?

A．By listing data.	B．By giving example.
C．By analyzing causes.	D．Ry describing a process.