1 . Elizabeth Blackwell is a British-born woman physician. She was born in 1821 in England. Her father decided to move the family to the United States in 1812 after his factory was destroyed by fire. It is said that she turned to studying medicine after a close friend who was dying said she wouldn’t have suffered so much if her physician had been a woman. Elizabeth knew that no woman had ever been permitted to study in a medical school. But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.
Elizabeth discussed it with her family. Her family supported her. However, all the medical colleges refused her except Geneva Medical College in New. York. When she graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1839, she became the first woman in America to earn the M. D. degree. She was not offered many opportunities as a young female physician, she opened her own office 2 years later. Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856. Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857. After establishing the infirmary. Elizabeth Blackwell went on a year-long lecture tour of Great. Britain. Her lectures and personal example inspired more women to take up medicine as a profession.
When the American Civil War broke out, the Blackwell sisters aided in nursing efforts. After the end of the war, Elizabeth Blackwell carried out a plan that she had developed together, with her friend Florence Nightingale while in England. She opened the Women’s Medical College with, her sister. This. college was operated under her sister’s management. She moved to England the next year. There, she helped to organize the National Health Society and she founded the London School of Medicine for Women.
As her health declined, Blackwell gave up the practice of medicine in the late 1870s, though she still campaigned for reform (改革). May 1910, she died at home in England.
1. What probably made Elizabeth determine to learn medicine?| A．Her family’s expectation. | B．Her interest in medicine. |
| C．Her friend’s suggestion. | D．Her friend’s medical talent. |
| A．8. | B．10. | C．36. | D．37. |
| A．Marie Zakrzewska. | B．Emily Blackwell. |
| C．Elizabeth Blackwell. | D．Florence Nightingale. |
2 . NEW DELHI—Acupuncture (针灸) has become a bridge of friendship between India and China, with more Indians accepting the form of traditional Chinese medicine over the past few decades, experts say.
Acupuncture, a technique to cure various illnesses, was introduced in India in 1959 by B. K. Basu in the eastern city of Kolkata, capital of West Bengal state, according to Mrigendranath Gantait, president of the Acupuncture Association of India. Over the past six decades, it has spread to rural, semi-urban and urban areas in India, particularly in the states of West Bengal, Maharashtra and Punjab.
Acupuncture therapy in India is related to the story of the Indian medical mission that was sent to China to provide medical assistance during the Chinese people’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945). Basu, as a colleague of Dwarkanath Kotnis (widely known as Ke Dihua in China) and a torchbearer of the Indian medical mission, stayed in China from 1938 to 1943, and later worked for 43 years in India until his death in 1986. From 1958 to 1959, Basu stayed in China to learn acupuncture before introducing the needle techniques in India. In 1973, Basu was invited to China to learn newly developed acupuncture anesthesia (麻醉).
From the very beginning, Basu tried to spread acupuncture to doctors by free teaching to broad masses of people. Basu, who established the Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis Memorial Committee and the Acupuncture Association of India, donated his house and savings to the government of West Bengal state for the purpose of acupuncture development.
Under the leadership of the committee, free health service clinics have been set up where acupuncture is taken as the main treatment modality(模式), because the cost of acupuncture treatment is low, and acupuncture is effective for many ailments (小病). The committee has also produced many acupuncturists who run these clinics without taking any remuneration (报酬), according to Gantait.
“Acupuncture has played a unique role to promote people’s friendship between India and China,” he says. “When Basu returned to India after learning acupuncture anesthesia, the Indian media described it as acupuncture diplomacy, and it was highly praised in the country.”
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true about acupuncture therapy in India?| A．It was developed by B. K. Basu, a great doctor. |
| B．It is more popular in the capital than in the countryside. |
| C．It has played a unique role in producing acupuncturists. |
| D．It is effective for many ailments and it is free of charge. |
| A．introduce Dr. Basu’s experience in China |
| B．explain why Dr. Basu learned acupuncture in China |
| C．give some background information about acupuncture therapy in India |
| D．show how India and China benefited each other in acupuncture therapy |
| A．a history textbook |
| B．a news website |
| C．a medical report |
| D．a travelling brochure |
| A．Basu-An Acupuncture Expert |
| B．Indian Acupuncture Working Well |
| C．Acupuncture Diplomacy in India |
| D．Acupuncture—A Point of Friendship |
3 . Margaret Ann Bulkley was born around 1789, in Ireland. She had big dreams. “I want to be a doctor!” But two hundred years ago a girl couldn’t become a doctor. Her uncle, James Barry, was a great painter. And his friend General Miranda had a library with more than 6,000 books. Margaret loved reading there. Her intelligence impressed him. Years later, her uncle James Barry died, leaving her some money. It was enough to study to be a doctor.
“But a girl can’t become a doctor,” said Margaret sadly.
“Yes, you can!” said General Miranda. “All you have to do is to disguise as a boy.” Margaret really wanted to be a doctor. So she cut off her long hair, practiced speaking in a deep voice, and put on boy’s clothes. She also named herself James Barry.
From then on, Margaret Ann Bulkley disappeared. She became James Barry and entered Edinburgh University. He took 13 subjects and worked all through the summer when the other students went on holiday.
Barry graduated in 1812 and decided to join the British Army. In his life, Dr. James Barry travelled all over the world, helping to save many lives. Before retirement, Barry had risen to the second highest medical officer in the British Army. Barry improved the conditions for not only wounded soldiers but also the local people, and performed the first recorded successful caesarean section (剖宫产) in Africa. The secret Dr. James Barry kept for over fifty years was only known after his death in 1865.
1. Who played the most important role in Margaret’s becoming a doctor?| A．General Miranda. | B．Her uncle James Barry. |
| C．A soldier in the British Army. | D．A professor from Edinburgh University. |
| A．Change one’s clothes. | B．Dress like a doctor. |
| C．Change one’s appearance. | D．Dress like a gentleman. |
| A．Becoming the highest officer in the British Army. |
| B．Graduating from the most famous medical university. |
| C．Improving medical conditions for the wounded soldiers. |
| D．Doing the world’s first recorded caesarean section successfully. |
| A．James Barry left much money. | B．Dr. James Barry was a woman. |
| C．Margaret died in her twenties. | D．General Miranda helped Margaret a lot. |
4 . In the fight against COVID-19, many national heroes have become well-known to the public. On August 11, 2020, Chinese President Xi Jinping commended(表彰)four of them for their outstanding contribution(杰出的贡献).
| Zhong Nanshan | Zhong Nanshan was given the Medal of the Republic. He has been leading the Chinese government’s efforts in the fight against COVID-19. The old expert got a result that COVID-19 could be spread between humans. |
“The People’s Hero” was given to three others. They are Zhang Boli, Zhang Dingyu and Chen Wei. | |
| Zhang Boli | Zhang Boli is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) expert. He has been in charge of the research of COVID-19 treatments connecting TCM with Western medicine. |
| Zhang Dingyu | Zhang Dingyu was the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital in 2020. He got an illness in 2018. However, he chose to stay with his partners in Wuhan to save lives. |
| Chen Wei | Chen Wei is a professor. She has made great achievements in the research on COVID-19. She is also one of the key leaders in China’s Ebola vaccine(埃博拉疫苗)research. |
The purpose of giving the nation’s top honors to these people was to show the great courage and the spirit of working together of the Chinese people.
1. How many people was given “the People’s Hero” by Chinese President Xi Jinping?| A．One. | B．Two. | C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．Zhong Nanshan. | B．Zhang Dingyu. | C．Zhang Boli. | D．Chen Wei. |
| A．Chen Wei is the head of Wuhan’s Jinyintan Hospital. |
| B．Zhang Dingyu is a traditional Chinese medicine expert. |
| C．Zhong Nanshan got a result that COVID-19 could be spread between humans. |
| D．Chen Wei has been in charge of the research connecting TCM with Western medicine. |
5 . After the cure of pneumonia, Wuhan Dad reread the letter his daughter left at the bedside, tears filled his eyes. In the second vlog series, make a video call to a friend in Wuhan, China Daily reporter Xiao Peng interviewed three Wuhan residents by video and phone, among whom three have just been released from isolation. Their lives have been transformed by pneumonia (肺炎) caused by the new coronavirus (冠状病毒).
The first interviewee was Tian Fuxin from Wuhan. He was admitted to hospital on January 20 and discharged from hospital on January 30 after 10 days of isolation treatment.
“When I was admitted to hospital, I was very anxious. But after a few days I was OK. And if you’re infected by the novel coronavirus, the government covers your medical expenses. Our meals are the same as the doctors’ and nurses’”.
“Every time I saw them in their protective gear, I felt moved because I know that stuff must be awful to wear, with goggles fogged up and so on. I can’t thank them enough. Those patients who were discharged early like us are very grateful to the people who helped us, because without them, it’s hard to say how we could have survived.”
Worried about his daughter’s safety, the family had her back to the university in Shanghai before the closure. She was quarantined in Shanghai on the first day of the lunar New Year and was recently confirmed to be well enough to end the quarantine. The daughter left her father a letter in which she read between the lines her guilt not being able to accompany him and her love for him.
“I can’t look after you every time you are in hospital. I was right with you, though I didn’t realize how ill you were. Nothing could be done except get away.” “Dad, I love you. After growing up, I think I’ve never said that. You must hold on. I can’t live without you, Dad.” “Don’t be pessimistic. Little psychological tricks are helpful. You have to tell yourself I am feeling better.”
Because of infectious virus as well as its outbreak Tian Fuxin fell ill, experiencing a period of fighting the disease. However, he received the words his daughter had not long been able to speak out “Dad, I love you.”
1. Whom does the underlined word “them” in the fourth paragraph refer to?| A．Wuhan residents | B．medical staff |
| C．the three interviewees | D．the government |
| A．The daughter couldn’t care for her father when he was in hospital. |
| B．The meals of the pneumonia patients are quite different from those of doctors. |
| C．daughter was also isolated in Shanghai on the first day of the lunar New Year. |
| D．Tian Fuxin has been cured and has recovered from pneumonia. |
| A．show little psychological tricks are helpful |
| B．inform him her being quarantined in Shanghai |
| C．encourage him to fight disease and she loved him all the way. |
| D．to say goodbye to the father. |
| A．a magazine | B．a fiction | C．a brochure | D．a newspaper |
6 . Friendly doctors are “bad for their patients’ health”, researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like.
Blurring (使……模糊) the lines between social and professional relationships can affect the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects.
“Doctors should avoid adding patients as friends on Facebook, they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names.” regulators have warned. “Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment.”
It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists (肿瘤科医生) under the age of 40, found 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they liked. Sixty per cent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients, it could prevent them from making objective decisions about a person’s care.
Lesley Fallowfield, of Brighton and Sussex Medical School, said: “Oncology is a profession that can be enormously rewarding but is filled with many challenges. Young oncologists have to master dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life-threatening disease; conveying the true prognosis (预后); discussing the complexity of modern treatments; and explaining the unavailability of some drugs, the side-effects of treatment, and likely treatment aims.”
But she said, “Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of the ‘Internet world’are more likely to fall victim to blurring the professional boundaries with patients.”
She said: “The difficulty, if you hug and kiss patients, if you allow them to call you by your first name, is that quickly the relationship can become confused as a social one rather than a professional one. Doctors become confused, ‘I really like this person, how can I bear to tell them that they’re going to die?’ They find it more difficult to be objective.”
1. Why are friendly doctors bad for their patients’health?| A．They don’t like to cheat patients. |
| B．They are not good at treating patients. |
| C．They find it not easier to be objective to the patients. |
| D．They seldom blur the relationship with patients. |
| A．Add patients as friends on Facebook. |
| B．Have close connection with patients in life. |
| C．Always be cold to patients. |
| D．Keep a proper distance to patients. |
| A．Oncology is a rewarding profession without challenges. |
| B．The Internet makes it easier for young doctors to break the boundaries. |
| C．It’s not the duty of doctors to deal with patients’ anxiety. |
| D．Becoming friends with patients will help them recover soon. |
| A．dealing with a lot of life-threatening diseases |
| B．discussing difficulties of treatment with patients |
| C．explaining the reason for the lack of some medicine |
| D．informing patients of the possible results of the treatment |
Narayana Hrudayalaya’s origins date back to 2001, when it built its massive cardiac center on the outskirts （市郊）of Bangalore. But it has expanded since then into what founder Dr. Devi Shetty calls a "health city," a series of centers specializing in eye, trauma, and cancer care. Narayana Hrudayalaya now manages or owns hospitals in 14 other Indian cities.
Expanding access is paired with a ongoing focus on efficiency. Typically, says Shetty, private hospitals in India focus on patients who can easily afford treatment. "We did it the other way around," he says. "This hospital is for poor people, but we also treat some rich people. We don’t look at people who are sgabbily dressed and have trouble paying as outsiders. " Narayana Hrudayalaya’s flagship hospital has 3,000 beds and negotiates for better prices and buys directly from manufacturers, cutting out distributors.
In addition to cost-cutting, Narayana Hrudayalaya finds creative ways to make the economics work. The company started a micro-insurance program backed by the government that enables 3 million farmers to have coverage for as little as 22 cents a month in premiums（保险费）. Patients who pay discounted rates are in effect compensated by those who pay full price
Doing something--doing more, actually--is the point. By 2017, Shetty, 58, plans to expand from 5,000 beds throughout India to 30,000. Before becoming one of India’s best-known health-care entrepreneurs, Shetty was its best-known heart surgeon. He was interrupted in surgery one day during the 1990s by a request to make a house call. "I said, 'I don’t make home visits,' " Shetty says, "and the caller said, 'If you see this patient, the experience may transform your life.' " The request was from Mother Teresa. Inspired by the her work with the poor, he then set out to create a hospital to deliver care based on need, not wealth. "One lesson she taught me," he says, quoting a saying he keeps framed in his office, "is '
1. Narayana Hrudayalayastarted a micro-insurance to _______.
| A．cut down on the cost of the treatment | B．get the support of the government |
| C．make the company run smoothly | D．attract more people to its hospital |
| A．the cost of medicine care in India is very low |
| B．Shetty wouldn’t have succeeded without Mother Teresa |
| C．Shetty and his colleagues are likely to make home visits now |
| D．Shetty has expanded his hospitals to most of other cities in India |
| A．He wanted to build a health city. |
| B．He was motivated and decided to help more people. |
| C．He intended to develop his career in different areas. |
| D．He meant to help more poor people get free treatment. |
| A．It’s doing something and doing more that really matters. |
| B．It’s not easy to take positive action to contribute to society. |
| C．Healthcare workers are the holiest persons in the world. |
| D．Praying alone is of no significance in face of difficult situation. |
