1 . Elizabeth Blackwell is a British-born woman physician. She was born in 1821 in England. Her father decided to move the family to the United States in 1812 after his factory was destroyed by fire. It is said that she turned to studying medicine after a close friend who was dying said she wouldn’t have suffered so much if her physician had been a woman. Elizabeth knew that no woman had ever been permitted to study in a medical school. But she began to think about the idea seriously after the friend who had suggested it died.

Elizabeth discussed it with her family. Her family supported her. However, all the medical colleges refused her except Geneva Medical College in New. York. When she graduated from Geneva Medical College in 1839, she became the first woman in America to earn the M. D. degree. She was not offered many opportunities as a young female physician, she opened her own office 2 years later. Her younger sister Dr. Emily Blackwell, joined her in 1856. Together with Dr. Marie Zakrzewska, they opened the New York Infirmary (医院) for Women and Children in 1857. After establishing the infirmary. Elizabeth Blackwell went on a year-long lecture tour of Great. Britain. Her lectures and personal example inspired more women to take up medicine as a profession.

When the American Civil War broke out, the Blackwell sisters aided in nursing efforts. After the end of the war, Elizabeth Blackwell carried out a plan that she had developed together, with her friend Florence Nightingale while in England. She opened the Women’s Medical College with, her sister. This. college was operated under her sister’s management. She moved to England the next year. There, she helped to organize the National Health Society and she founded the London School of Medicine for Women.

As her health declined, Blackwell gave up the practice of medicine in the late 1870s, though she still campaigned for reform (改革). May 1910, she died at home in England.

1. What probably made Elizabeth determine to learn medicine?

A．Her family’s expectation.	B．Her interest in medicine.
C．Her friend’s suggestion.	D．Her friend’s medical talent.

2. How old was Elizabeth when she opened the hospital for women and children?

A．8.

B．10.

C．36.

D．37.

3. Who was in charge of the Women’s Medical College?

A．Marie Zakrzewska.	B．Emily Blackwell.
C．Elizabeth Blackwell.	D．Florence Nightingale.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The world’s     1     (famous) heart surgeon, the Egyptian Professor, Sir Magdi Yacoub, has transplanted more hearts than anyone else. To the countless people whose lives he     2     (transform) and saved, he is a hero. Professor Yacoub     3     (inspire) in his work by his father, who was a general surgeon.

Now 66 years old, professor Yacoub still retains his energy and extraordinary enthusiasm for his career. For 43 years, he has dealt with desperate patients whose combination of poor diet, inactive lifestyle and stress overload have caused them to ask for his help.     4     all these experiences, he is very aware of the role of good nutrition and regular exercise in maintaining good health. He eats very well and swims early each morning.

Professor Yacoub’s life is always hectic (狂热的).     5     a donor heart has suddenly been found, then an operation has to take place quickly. He works long hours; he says there are no regular hours for a heart surgeon, as the surgery     6     take place when it needs to be carried out.

For relaxation, professor Yacoub enjoys     7     (garden) and even grows orchids. One dream of     8     is to go to the Amazon one day     9     (see) the rare plants there. He is patron of the Chain of Hope charity, which aims to take medical expense to the developing world. Specialist teams give their time free and travel all over the world to places such as Mozambique and Jamaica to train local surgeons in techniques that     10     (save) lives. This charity also brings needy children to the West necessary heart surgery.