6 . Greenhouse gas emissions from the way humans produce and consume food could add nearly 1 degree of warming to the Earth’s climate by 2100, according to a new study.

Continuing the dietary patterns of today will push the planet past the 1.5 degrees Celsius limit of warming sought under the Paris climate agreement to avoid the worst effects of climate change, according to the study published Monday in Nature Climate Change.

The study found that the majority of greenhouse gas emissions come from three major sources: meat from animals like cows and sheep, dairy and rice. Those three sources account for at least 19 percent each of food’s contribution to a warming planet, according to the study, with meat contributing the most, at 33 percent.

All emit(散发)large amounts of methane(甲烷), a potent(强有力的)greenhouse gas with more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide, in the way they are currently farmed. The researchers calculated that methane will account for 75 percent of food’s share of warming by 2030, with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide accounting for most of the rest.

The study’s lead author, Catherine C. Ivanovich, a climate scientist at Columbia University and colleagues calculated the three major gases produced by each type of food over its lifetime based on current consumption patterns. They scaled the annual emissions over time by gas based on five different population projections. And then they used a climate model frequently used by the United Nations’ panel on climate change to simulate the effects of those emissions on surface air temperature change.

The study also offered some ways to change global food production and consumption that could limit warming.

“But reducing methane may be the most important goal of all. Although methane is far more potent than carbon, it is also much shorter-lived meaning cuts in methane emissions can have a quick benefit,” Ivanovich said.

A wildlife research led by Dr. Sean Maxwell,     1     professor from University of Queensland, throws light on how various species have responded to major climate events.

“We have spent more than 70 years     2     (measure) the responses of various species,” said Dr. Maxwell. “The growing     3     (frequent) of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts and floods is causing unpredictable and immediate changes     4     ecosystems. Hurricanes are the most common extreme event for birds and fish, while mammals (哺乳动物) respond most to drought events.”

UQ Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science director Professor James Watson said the     5     (detail) information would help inform ecosystem management.

“The research clearly shows species will respond, often     6     (negative), to extreme events,” Professor Watson said. “In the past few decades, we     7     (see) more than 100 cases of sharp population declines and 31 cases of local population extinction following an extreme event. As extreme climate and weather events     8     (be) now more and more common, we need to act to ensure species have the best chance     9     (survive). Wherever possible, high quality and complete habitat areas should be protected, as these are the places     10     species are most resilient (易恢复的) to increasing exposure to extreme events.”

We have known about climate change for d    1    . There is little d    2     that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with m    3     ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.

In 2013, a lot of people were s    4     by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. A    5     to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the    6    of its dead body, the bear appeared to have s    7     and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels c    8     by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case s    9     how the increase in temperature had an i    10     on Earth’s ecology.

Today, the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees, which is     1    (usual) for London because the average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees. Going     2     the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting. Each summer in London definitely seems     3     (hot) than the last. I suddenly feel a bit scared and perhaps I should start planning     4     the future. I imagine putting my flat on the market and buying a boat. That way, when the Thames     5    (rise) and there is a flood in London, I’ll still be able to get to work. Later, I’m shocked by photos     6     (show) that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. News like this makes me feel nervous. This inspires me     7     (start) thinking about moving to space... “    8     next station is Bank!” comes the announcement. That’s my destination. I feel a fresh wind on my face     9     (immediate) I step out of the station. Well, maybe I have been worrying too much. After all, it’s only 30     10     (degree) outside!