A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it     1     it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs     2    (become) a doctor. Most training is concerned    3     technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords (声带) would be inadequate without    4    (control) muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,    5     are two entirely different movements.

Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists     6    (spare) this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for    7     . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.

The problem    8    (face) student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and    9     it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.

Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music    10       they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

The Yangko Dance is a traditional Chinese folk dance     1     (create) by the farmers when they worked in the rice fields     2     (hundred) of years ago. Many Chinese people like the dance and take it     3     an important method of relaxing, no matter when there is the Spring Festival or when there are some special     4    (celebrate).

Before the Yangko Dance starts, the music     5     (perform) and a rhythm to follow. As the dance content comes from special folk legends, men and women performing the dance are dressed in     6     (color) costumes and necessary props are used.

During the dance, the dancers are wagging their body and walking at     7    exaggerated (夸张的) pace to present old stories to the audience in a new style. The dance also shows     8     (they) happy mood and life. While the dancers are dancing on the ground, there is usually a big crowd around them,     9     (appreciate) and sharing the feelings of the dancers there.

During the busy farming season the dancers work in the fields,     10     when the lunar New Year comes around they put on their costumes to perform the Yangko Dance, ushering in the new year and carrying on an age-old tradition.

A   robot,   which is     1     (design) by the Georgia Institute of Technology, has used deep learning, artificial intelligence and big data to write and play its own music.

    2     robot, called Shimon, looks a little strange. It has four arms and eight /. Shimon can not only use artificial intelligence( 人工智能) to compose music, but perform its     3     (origin) compositions live. To achieve   the   impressive   skill,   scientists   gave   the   robot   5,000 songs,     4     covered a broad range, from Beethoven to Miles Davis.

The robot     5     (produce) two compositions using a marimba(马林巴琴). They are short     6     they meet everyday classifications( 分 类 ) of “music”. Apart from giving the machine the first four     7     (measure) to use as a starting point, no humans were involved in either the compositions or the     8     (perform) of the music.

It has taken   seven   years     9     (complete) the two compositions. However, the pace of composing is expected to increase. This isn’t just a robot     10     randomly puts together existing music and calls it its own.

Researchers find, not just daily walks or controlling salt in your diet, learning some hula dance steps     1     (be) also helpful in lowering your blood pressure. The hula is a dance developed by the Polynesians who     2    (original) settled in the Hawaiian Islands.

Native Hawaiians who participated in a blood-pressure-lowering programme involving their cultural dance of hula     3     (reduce) their blood pressure more than those who received standard education on diet and exercise. The participants said the hula helped meet their     4    (spirit) and cultural needs.

These results may also be applied     5     other groups although the study was conducted in Native Hawaiians. They prove     6     idea that for most people, the best physical activity for their health is one that makes them     7     (breath) a little faster and gets their heart beating a little faster.    8     that's dancing, biking, swimming, or surfing, the key is to move more and more often. While the physical     9     (benefit) of dancing hula are clear, other positive impacts include creating social support and increasing self-confidence. Other similar cultural activities, especially those meeting national guidelines, and social and cultural activities     10    (motivate) people to make behavioral changes, could be used in a similar way in other local groups.

Researchers examined the benefits of singing among people with mental health conditions     1     (include) anxiety and depression.

They found people who took part in a community singing group improved their mental health and that the combination of singing and socialising was an important part of     2     (recover).

The grassroots action runs weekly singing workshops for the people     3     mental health conditions as well as the general public. It     4     (original) began at a hospital in 2005,     5     afterwards moved into the community. Around 120 people now attend four free workshops each week across Norfolk, two thirds of     6     have had contact with mental health services.

The research project followed the group for six months and     7     (undertake) interviews and focus groups with participants, organisers, and workshop     8     (leader).

The report shows how singing and socialising gave participants     9     feeling of belonging and wellbeing that often lasted a day or     10     (many), as well as improved social skills and confidence.