1 . How does a person become an Olympic champion? In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological elements, as well as training and practice, all go into making a super athlete.

Perhaps the most important element involved in becoming an outstanding athlete is genetic. Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that make them different from the average person. Olympic weightlifters, for example, have a large number of fast- twitch fibers (快速收缩肌肉纤维) in their muscles. These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds. Surprisingly, a large, muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport. It is more important to have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles.

The legs of an outstanding marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers. When we exercise long or hard, it’s common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing. These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can’t remove it quickly enough. Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.

Some athletes’ abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment. Those raised at high altitudes (海拔高地) in countries such as Kenya have blood rich in hemoglobin (血红素). Large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster, enabling these athletes to run better. Although genes, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming an outstanding athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed. Marathon runners may be able to control tiredness and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach their goals. Weightlifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they become automatic. Greg Louganis, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful: “You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex (对刺激的本能反应). You have to repeat the dives hundreds, maybe thousands, of times.” Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit but psychologically healthy as well. Otherwise, they couldn’t handle the training loads.

1. Having a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers is particularly important for ________.

A．long-distance cyclists	B．gymnasts
C．table-tennis players	D．weightlifters

2. When lactate (para. 3) builds up in their muscles, people feel __________.

A．strength

B．pain

C．excitement

D．dizziness

3. Which of the following statements would diver Greg Louganis probably agree with?

A．Athletes cannot perform well unless they are under pressure.

B．A professional athlete should think carefully about each movement.

C．It’s important to practice and train hard, but not take things too seriously.

D．It’s important to joke with your teammates before you perform any sport.

4. What is this passage mainly about?

A．The size of a super athlete.

B．Ways to qualify for the Olympics.

C．Different muscle types of a super athlete.

D．Factors that make someone a super athlete.

2 . Anyone watching the Winter Olympics in Beijing, China over the last few days will have seen lots and lots of snow ----– man-made snow. Since the area gets little natural snow, this is the first time the Winter Olympics is taking place on almost 100% artificial snow.

This year’s Winter Olympics are being held in Beijing, China, and in two areas northwest of Beijing, Yangqing and Zhangjiakou. The areas get cold in the winter, but they don’t get a lot of snow. That’s because they’re not far from the Gobi Desert, and are generally very dry.

That meant some serious changes were needed to hold the Winter Olympics there. China took water from a reservoir which helps supply Beijing’s drinking water and sent it to a nearby river. To carry the water to the mountains for making snow, the country ran miles and miles of pipes. China says making the snow took about 49,000 gallons (185,500 liters) of water. Outside experts say it probably took a lot more water than that.

China hired an Italian company called TechnoAlpin to create the snow. TechnoAlpin created artificial snow at several earlier Winter Olympics. For the snow in this year’s Olympics, TechnoAlpin laid over 40 miles (64 kilometers) of pipe and brought in hundreds of snow-making machines. Even with all of those machines, making the snow for this year’s Games took seven weeks.

It’s useful to be able to make snow when nature doesn’t provide enough. But artificial snow isn’t the same as natural snow, which has more air and less water. An athlete used to natural snow might have to adjust their style on man-made snow.Still, the machines that make artificial snow are quite advanced. They can make several different kinds of snow depending on what’s needed for each sport. For example, the snow they make for downhill skiing is different from the snow made for cross-country skiing.

A few athletes have complained about the snow at this year’s Olympics. Most others say it’s been just fine.

In recent years, it has become more and more common to use artificial snow at winter sports events. That’s true even in places that used to have a lot of snow naturally. Some artificial snow was used in the Winter Olympics in 2010 and 2014 because of warm weather. In the 2018 Games in PyeongChang, South Korea, roughly 90% of the snow was man-made.

As the world warms because of climate change, problems like this are expected to become far more common. Michael Mayr, who leads TechnoAlpin in Asia, says, “You could not have winter sports now without man-made snow.”

1. Why does the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics use artificial snow?

A．To save energy.	B．To keep athletes happy.
C．To provide enough snow.	D．To protect th eenvironment.

2. To create the snow, China first has to________.

A．built a reservoir	B．lay miles of pipes
C．find the source of water	D．carry the water to the mountains

3. TechnoAlpin was chosen to create the snow for________.

A．the friendship between China and TechnoAlpin	B．the request of the Olympic Committee
C．the lack of snow making company	D．TechnoAlpin’s rich experience

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．The reasons of climate change.	B．Some examples of warm weather.
C．The expectations of artificial snow.	D．The necessity of using artificial snow.

3 . Skeleton is one of the three sliding sports at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, alongside the luge(单雪橇)and bobsleigh(大雪橇). With only six medals up for grabs, skeleton has the fewest events at the Winter Games—which means competition will be fierce.

The sport of skeleton has its roots in the most popular winter pastime: sleighing. In the mid-19^th century, British and American holidaymakers built the first toboggan(平底雪橇)run in Davos in 1882, and thus the sport of sleighing began.

Two years later, in 1884, the famed Cresta Run—a natural ice skeleton racing toboggan track—was built in St. Moritz, Switzerland(the course has hosted the annual Grand National championships since 1885).

In 1892, a new sledge made entirely of steel was introduced, and some claim that its bony appearance gave the sledge and the sport the name ‘skeleton’.

Men’s skeleton was first introduced on the Olympic program in the 1928 Games in St. Moritz. But due to the sport only being available at the Cresta Run at the time, it fell into obscurity(默默无闻)while the luge and bobsleigh grew in popularity. However, in 2002, the skeleton was reintroduced as a men’s and women’s event at the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics, and has remained a part of the Olympic program ever since.

While Great Britain has the most medals(nine)in skeleton competition at the Olympics, the top spot belongs to the United States(eight medals)by virtue of having four silvers to Great Britain’s one(both nations have three golds, while Britain has five bronze medals, and the United States one).

Great Britain is the only nation to have won a medal every time skeleton has featured at the Olympic Games, and has won at least one medal in each of the five contests of women’s skeleton since its introduction.

1. How many events does skeleton have in the Olympics?

A．Two.

B．Three.

C．Five.

D．Six.

2. When did skeleton first appear?

A．In 1882.

B．In1885.

C．In1892.

D．In 1928.

3. Why did skeleton fall into obscurity?

A．Because its material steel was rare.

B．Because there was only one run for it.

C．Because only men could take part in it.

D．Because it was not on the Olympic program.

4. What makes America top Great Britain in skeleton at the Olympics?

A．The number of medals.	B．The composition of medals.
C．The virtue of the athletes.	D．The times of hosting the Olympics.

4 . At the Abu Dhabi Special Games in 2019, Li Xiang won two golds, four silvers and a bronze. Li Xiang is 15. But his _________ age is 5 to 6 because the teen suffers from Down’s Syndrome, causing his physical and mental retardation(迟缓). Yet he proved to be a _________ at the Special Olympics World Summer Games.

When Li was diagnosed (诊断) with the _________ soon after his birth, it was for his family the end of the world. _________, when Li was 10, Chinese Olympic _________ champion Li Xiaopeng visited the school where Li Xiang was and _________ for those special students there. The act made Li Xiang _________ to gymnastics. He was determined to become an Olympic _________ like Li Xiaopeng, which brought a _________ of hope to his family.

It was not easy for a __________ child to practice gymnastics. Li __________ from coordination(协调) and __________ problems and was very sensitive when facing failure. However, with the __________ of his coach and parents, in 2015, at the age of 11, Li Xiang __________ his first Special Olympics as one of the youngest competitors. He __________ a gold, two silvers and two bronzes.

“Though years of sports haven’t improved Li Xiang’s __________, I can feel his progress in life, in self- discipline and in __________ with other people,” his mother said. It is difficult for people to __________ the hardship Li Xiang’s family has suffered to __________ up their special child and their happiness on seeing the progress he has achieved so far.

“I __________ sports. It makes me feel happy and energetic,” Li Xiang told reporters after his events.

1.

A．legal

B．physical

C．actual

D．mental

2.

A．failure

B．competitor

C．hero

D．sportsman

3.

A．preference

B．disease

C．tendency

D．injury

4.

A．Otherwise

B．Thus

C．Instead

D．However

5.

A．gymnastic

B．world

C．famous

D．best

6.

A．worked

B．performed

C．studied

D．explored

7.

A．familiar

B．used

C．blind

D．addicted

8.

A．viewer

B．supporter

C．champion

D．volunteer

9.

A．ray

B．connection

C．power

D．meaning

10.

A．special

B．little

C．talented

D．poor

11.

A．learned

B．suffered

C．benefited

D．resulted

12.

A．understanding

B．balance

C．skill

D．spirit

13.

A．training

B．instruction

C．encouragement

D．permission

14.

A．missed

B．rewrote

C．remembered

D．attended

15.

A．made

B．lost

C．harvested

D．carried

16.

A．intelligence

B．ability

C．hearing

D．performance

17.

A．putting up

B．doing away

C．getting along

D．keeping up

18.

A．bear

B．explain

C．guess

D．imagine

19.

A．bring

B．raise

C．come

D．feed

20.

A．appreciate

B．love

C．mind

D．admit

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Lang Ping, the head coach, once declared that the goal of the team was to raise our national flag and listen to the national anthem on top of the podium.

Every historic championship doesn’t come easy, and each victory was the hard work of the team, bit by bit. When people watch the China women’s national volleyball team play, they see a commitment     1     excellence.

In 1981, the China women’s national volleyball team     2     (lead) by player Lang Ping created the first miracle of China’s World Cup. The team defeated the Japanese national team with 3 to 2 at the 3rd World Women’s Volleyball Cup in Osaka, Japan. That’s the first world title for China women’s national volleyball team. Everyone     3     (shock) by this news.     4     the news was broadcast, people burst into joyful tears. Their victory was     5     result of all the former volleyball players’ efforts. A famous coach from Japan was invited to China to help train the China women’s national volleyball team.     6     (see) the     7     (player) conscientiousness and spirit and the support from the Chinese people, he exclaimed, “I’m sure that the China women’s national volleyball team will become strong!”

In 1984, Lang Ping endured pain from appendicitis (阑尾炎)     8     (finish) the competition and win remarkable gold with her teammates in the Los Angeles Olympic Games. She shot to fame and earned the nickname “Iron Hammer”. She said. “At that time the pain didn’t matter. Our slogan is no fear of     9     (hard) and no fear of death. We fear no death, let alone other difficulties.” So the proud head coach of Japanese national team said, “Defeating Chinese national team is equal to blocking the Yangtze River. Both are     10     (possible).”

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. How much did the top winner get as his prize?

A．75,000 dollars.

B．50,000 dollars.

C．100,000 dollars.

2. Where was the second winner from?

A．West Hartford, Connecticut.

B．Grand Junction, Colorado.

C．Bloomington, Illinois.

3. How old was the third winner?

A．16 years old.

B．17 years old.

C．18 years old.

4. What can we know about the winners?

A．The top winner did well in mathematics.

B．The second place winner studied the Rain-bow Ramsey Theory.

C．The third place winner has invented an electronic device.

7 . Because I had played soccer for many years, my decision to play football in my senior year was rather bold. Before summer _________ started, my father asked whether I was scared. I just said, “How can I be scared of something I don’t know?” After making that _________ , I realized that I am not afraid of the unknown, And all this is because of one earlier _________ .

When I was ten, I received the _________ that my family and I were moving to London. I was just a small—town kid from _________ New Jersey who knew nothing about London. Therefore, a five—year journey began with a（n） _________ kid who was the last person to get on the plane _________ the unknown.

After four years in London, I changed. Five months into my fifth year, my family decided to _________ to New Jersey. This brought about mixed feelings. Even though I had really wanted to go back for the _________ several years, now I began __________ what I had experienced. When the moving day came, I wasn’t scared, and I __________ I would never again be afraid of the unknown.

I will never __________ my first day of football training. When arriving home, I was __________ by Mom. I just said __________ . “I must be crazy,” and walked away. The truth was that I was not crazy. Deciding to play football was, in fact, agreeing to __________ what I had always known, and experience something new.

1.

A．competition

B．practice

C．vacation

D．time

2.

A．reply

B．detail

C．note

D．recommendation

3.

A．experience

B．race

C．interview

D．impression

4.

A．order

B．fact

C．news

D．invitation

5.

A．modern

B．narrow

C．far-off

D．beautiful

6.

A．excited

B．frightened

C．confident

D．annoyed

7.

A．running across

B．coming from

C．struggling with

D．leading to

8.

A．go

B．apply

C．travel

D．return

9.

A．different

B．recent

C．past

D．valuable

10.

A．judging

B．considering

C．appreciating

D．reviewing

11.

A．hoped

B．realized

C．insisted

D．promised

12.

A．forget

B．remember

C．regret

D．admire

13.

A．challenged

B．greeted

C．punished

D．requested

14.

A．equally

B．sadly

C．awkwardly

D．simply

15.

A．quit

B．try

C．register

D．expect

8 . With more and more kids picking up bats and gloves, efforts to build a “baseball ecosystem” in China continue to produce impressive results. And with Major League Baseball a key contributor to the drive, Chinese kids are learning from the very best in the business.

“The baseball environment has changed greatly since MLB entered the Chinese market. When we first came to China in 2007, the baseball population in the country was very limited.” said Tony Qi, managing director of MLB China. “But in 2019, the active baseball population had reached over 20 million. When we first organized the youth baseball match in five Chinese cities in 2008, each city had only one age-group to take part. But this year we have 20 cities, and in some cities we have competitions for five age groups.”

Around 400 teams have taken part in the MLB China Cup, a nationwide youth competition designed to encourage kids to take up baseball. During one recent season in Beijing, there were about 100 teams that wanted to take part in the MLB Cup. So, MLB, the Chinese Baseball Association and local baseball organizations are all working together for a brighter Chinese baseball future.

Audiences have also been attracted by the 2020 short film Tough Out, which tells the lives of a group of Chinese teenagers whose lives are changed through baseball. “In the short film, the kids build a new home in their baseball team, together with their coaches in a Beijing suburb (郊区),” said Qi. “The notion (观念) of home is very important in baseball culture. Through baseball, these kids gained home, friendship and confidence. They also gained the courage to fight against the hard situations they found themselves in. We’re planning to produce more content like this to make baseball culture popular.

1. How does the author show the great change of baseball environment?

A．By sorting out the facts.	B．By listing benefits.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By stressing importance.

2. Why is the MLB China Cup designed?

A．To show Chinese baseball future.

B．To inspire kids to take up baseball.

C．To award more prizes to the youth.

D．To prove the popularity of baseball.

3. What do we know about the 2020 short film Tough Out?

A．It attracts more people to live in Beijing suburb.

B．It gives kids courage to take part in baseball match.

C．It has greatly changed the life of Chinese teenagers.

D．It is very important to make baseball popular in China.

4. What is of great importance in baseball culture?

A．Concept of home.	B．Self-confidence.
C．Fair competition.	D．Player’s safety.

9 . 你的朋友李华荣幸地代表中国去国外参加一场盛大的体育运动会，去与外国友人角逐金牌。这是他第一次参加国际体育赛事，并写信给你，想要你提供一些建议给他。内容如下：
1. 疫情防控措施 2. 饮食作息方面   3. 心理调整
注意：词数为1词左右：可适当添加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：pandemic（疫情），mask（口罩）
Dear Li Hua,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours

Wang Ping

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What is the speaker talking about?

A．Australian Rules Football.

B．American Football team.

C．Rugby Football.

2. How many players does a Rugby Football have?

A．11.

B．15.

C．18.

3. Which team attracts the most followers?

A．Collingwood.

B．Melbourne.

C．Essendon.