1 . Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. abolished             B. determining             C. entry                 D. eventually            E. exported F. facilitating            G. ideally                      H. inherited            I. relocation             J. shifting K. substantial

European Transport Systems

It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by    1    teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. For passenger transport, the    2    factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars on European Union(EU)roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2010, and in the next years the EU will see a further    3    increase in its fleet.

As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production. In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been    4    , the EU has moved from a “stock” economy to a “flow“ economy.   This phenomenon has been emphasised by the    5    of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometres away from the final assembly plant or away from users.

The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for    6    to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already    7    more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 1990 volumes. And although many candidate countries    8    a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s.

However, a new imperative—sustainable development—offers an opportunity for adapting the EU’s common transport policy. This objective, agreed by the Gothenburg European Council, has to be achieved by integrating environmental considerations into Community policies, and    9    the balance between modes of transport lies at the heart of its strategy. The ambitious objective can only be fully achieved by 2020, but proposed measures are nonetheless a first essential step towards a sustainable transport system which will    10    be in place in 30 years’ time.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Riding a bike or a motorbike in cities can be dangerous. You must pay attention to your own     1     (safe) when you’re riding your way through city streets.

According to a report, 65% of car accidents m 2017     2     (relate) to bicycles and motorbikes in China. It was also worth     3     (mention) that these accidents mostly happened on the main roads rather than in other areas, such as sidewalks or bicycle paths. It showed that people lacked awareness especially     4     they were sharing roads with cars and trucks.

A large number of bicycles, motorbikes, and cars pour into the streets every day.       5     (reduce) those painful accidents, you should know the local traffic rules and stay on your path. Watch the traffic lights ahead     6     (close) and do remember to ride     7     the flow of traffic, not against it.

It’s also important for a rider to protect the head. Regardless of your age and your riding speed, you should always prepare     8     (you) for a safe ride. According to the experts, there is no     9     (good) choice to protect yourself than wearing a suitable helmet (头盔).

Keep the above     10     (suggest) in mind and wish you a pleasant trip on the road.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Monorails (单轨列车) have been around for more than a century and examples can be found all over the world,     1     they’ve never quite fulfilled the futuristic promises of their early promoters. That said, there are a few places where the unique     2     (quality) offered by monorails are ideally suited to their environment.

Chongqing, a megacity which     3     (locate) in southwestern China, is home to the world’s longest and one of its busiest monorail system, carrying millions of passengers a year on two high-capacity “straddle beam” lines     4     (total) 61 miles in length. At just over 34 miles, Line 3 is also the world's longest single monorail line     5     an annual ridership of around 250 million.     6     (put) into operation between 2005 and 2016, the two lines have 70 stations with a mix of underground and elevated sections.     7     (famous), one section of Line 2 passes through the heart of a high-rise apartment block.

Back in the 1990s, the city’s unique geography, with extreme differences in altitude between its densely populated mountain plateaus and the Yangtze and Jialing river valleys,     8     (force) Chongqing’s transport authorities to seek     9     alternative to conventional subway trains. Monorail’s capacity     10     (negotiate) steep climbs and tight curves made it the ideal solution when this megacity needed to transform its public transport system.