Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s counties,
This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region,
Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects
2 . A new research in Nature reveals that a warming world is increasing human-wildlife conflicts. “We found evidence of conflicts between people and wildlife exacerbated by climate change on six continents, in five different oceans, in marine systems, in freshwater systems-involving mammals, birds, fish and so on,” said lead author Briana Abrahms.
To identify trends, the team studied published, peer—reviewed incidents of human—wildlife conflicts and identified cases that were linked specifically to the effects of climate change. These include both short-term climate events-such as a drought-as well as longer-term changes. Warming in the Arctic, for example, is leading to loss of sea ice which has left polar bears short of food. They increasingly travel on land, sometimes entering human settlements and attacking people, as a recent incident in Alaska illustrates.
Most cases of human-wildlife conflicts linked to climate involve a shift in resources—not just for wildlife, but also for people.
A majority of cases on land also involved a change in precipitation (降水), which will continue to be affected by climate change. Many resulted in human deaths or injuries, as well as property damage. “Identifying and understanding this link between human-wildlife conflicts is not only a conservation issue,” said Abrahms. “It is also a social justice and human safety issue. These types of conflicts are likely to rise as climate change intensifies (加剧), particularly as mass migrations of people and wildlife increase and resources shift.”
But, it doesn’t have to be all bad news. “One major motivation in studying the link between climate change and human-wildlife conflicts is finding solutions,” said Abrahms. “As we learn about specific incidents, we can identify patterns and tends-and come up with interventions (干预) to try to address these conflicts.”
Some interventions may be as simple as public-awareness campaigns. Governments can also plan for times when extreme climate events will bring people and wildlife into closer contact. “Once you know the root causes of a conflict, you can design interventions to help both people and wildlife,” said Abrahms. “We can change.”
1. What does the underlined word “exacerbated” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Anticipated. | B．Perceived. | C．Worsened. | D．Faded. |
| A．To show climate change can drive conflicts by altering animal habitats. |
| B．To compare humans’ behaviors with animal’s in increasing conflicts. |
| C．To inform humans of protecting wildlife in response to climate change. |
| D．To prove animals have a hard life in face of global warming nowadays. |
| A．Human-wildlife conflicts will be settled soon. |
| B．Human-wildlife conflicts can increase as resources shift. |
| C．There will be no conflicts if people and wildlife stay where they are. |
| D．The goal in studying human-wildlife conflicts is gaining support. |
| A．They are too simple. | B．They are out-of-date. |
| C．They are changeable. | D．They are beneficial. |
3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Mom, where do you suppose they are?” my ten-year-old son Danny asked for the twentieth time as he stared out of the window at the range (牧场). “They” were our horses, Ginger, and her three-year-old son, Charcoal, both of whom had been missing for days.
Our range and woods offered plenty of grass for six horses. However, spring thunderstorms during the past ten days had forced the nearby river out of its banks. The other horses had come to the barn (畜棚) during the downpour, but not Ginger or Charcoal.
When the rain stopped, I took Spot, our dog, to do some first-hand searching. We went through trees and brush in wet lowlands near the river. All my calling and Spot’s smelling were in vain.
The next morning, the sun struggled to shine through gray clouds, but dampness filled the air. Suddenly, Danny shouted, “Mom, come quick! There’s Ginger!” The horse stood at the range gate crying impatiently and moving back and forth as if to say “Follow me”.
“Hurry, Danny,” I said, “get the pot with some oats (燕麦). I will bring a rope.” Ginger walked in front and we followed. “I see him! I see him!” Danny shouted. Charcoal was lying on his side, not moving. His right back leg was badly injured.
“Oh, Mom. How long do you think he’s been lying here with no food and nobody to care for him?” Tears formed in Danny’s blue eyes. “Probably several days, but we’ll never know. Ginger took care of him, though, protecting him from attacks from hungry wolves or other wild animals,” I said.
“What can we do now?” Danny asked anxiously. “There’s no way to drive a vehicle down here in all this mud.” “We just have to get him up and lead him out,” I said, keeping my voice confident. “Afterwards, we’ll have to call the vet (兽医) out.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With our encouragement and the attraction of oats, Charcoal struggled and managed to stand up.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Upon arriving at the barn, Danny started creating a bed for Charcoal.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 . One day last summer, my 9-year-old son Ben and I were riding the waves at a popular ocean beach on outer Cape Cod. As we were playing happily with our surfboard, I suddenly noticed an astonishing
We stared and pointed in
Ben’s words took my breath away, more than the dramatic waves and the amazing sight of the
He was absolutely
We each have a part to play in
How we
| A．show | B．change | C．sight | D．sign |
| A．stood | B．left | C．started | D．lay |
| A．fear | B．amazement | C．silence | D．confusion |
| A．seldom | B．never | C．always | D．again |
| A．beach | B．ships | C．swimmers | D．whales |
| A．confident | B．crazy | C．smart | D．right |
| A．home | B．family | C．performance | D．stage |
| A．secret | B．public | C．natural | D．native |
| A．ignore | B．remember | C．prove | D．imagine |
| A．forever | B．only | C．once | D．almost |
| A．sharing | B．creating | C．improving | D．finding |
| A．required | B．judged | C．expected | D．did |
| A．true | B．easy | C．funny | D．powerful |
| A．researches | B．dreams | C．communities | D．activities |
| A．compete with | B．connect with | C．hear from | D．separate from |
Lunch hour. Escaping from my office, I fled down Main Street in pursuit of freedom from the routine of the day. An old bell clanged(叮当作响)against the door of a dusty used bookstore when I pushed it open.
Looking through the horizon of shelves and lots of magazines, my eyes suddenly met his and my heart began to race. They were the blazing(闪烁) orange eyes of an African lion on the cover of a National Geographic magazine. I hadn’t seen those eyes in thirty years, but their impact on me hadn’t faded. As a kid I used to dream about Africa, living with wild animals.
The opportunity of spending a “gap year” volunteering in Africa or joining the Youth Corps had long since passed. Or had it? Yes, it’s true I couldn’t go to Africa for several months, but maybe I could volunteer in Africa for a few weeks.
Over the next several weeks I began to budget and save, determined to make it happen. The big day came. I arrived and met my boss, a young South African ranger(护林员)named Gary. He said, “Let me guess, you’re here because you dreamed of Africa.”
“Yes!” I smiled.
“Well it’s time to wake up. This is a working game reserve. These are wild animals.”
“Okay.”
“You’re going to have to get out of your comfort zone, take some risks, Have the courage of a lion.”
The next morning when we began our patrol(巡逻)in an open-air jeep, giant African elephants appeared in the morning mist. I was no longer dreaming in the pages of a National Geographic magazine. I was living them.
Moments later Gary parked the jeep and handed me a heavy shovel(铲子) and said, “Time to shovel dung(粪).” Elephant dung. Mountains of it. It will be used as fertilizer in the reserves sustainable vegetable garden.
Within fifteen minutes my back was aching, and my new work gloves were stretched out and so slippery with dung and sweat that they refused to stay on my hands. This wasn’t the dream of Africa I had.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I began to question myself.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
But at that moment I remembered Gary’s words “step out of your comfort zone”.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Undoubtedly, Mother Nature is always attractive to kids. In our childhood, how often did we turn a deaf ear to our parents’ advice? Very often! Thus, we landed ourselves in a situation where we greatly regretted our act of not having listened to the advice of the wise.
Such an unforgettable experience I had at the age of 7 gave me an invaluable lesson, after which I deeply understood why my gentle mother was repeating the boring suggestions and I would try to take her suggestions seriously.
In my childhood, I was so crazy about nature that even playing among the colorful flowers in our garden could make my day. Our house was next to the woods which had always stirred up(激起) great curiosity in me in wanting to find out what was within. Every time I saw fascinating butterflies dancing from the woods, my curiosity grew.
But my mother didn’t like me wandering off on my own and always ensured that I was within her sight. Even if she allowed me to explore the surrounding area on my own, it was only to be somewhere near the house. Being as curious as the cat, I always desired to explore the woods. It seemed as if my mother had understood my desire, so she had warmed me on lots of occasions never to enter the woods alone.
“Mom, can I go out and play in the garden?” I asked.
“Sure,” she would reply each time. “Kate, you can play in the garden but you must promise me one thing—only when I’m with you can you go into the woods. There are no cases of animal attacks on humans, but it’s still dangerous for a little kid like you. It’s too easy to get lost in the woods.”
“Sure, you’ve said that many times!” I answered without patience at her repeated reminders.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
However, curiosity got the better of me one morning.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
“Kate?” Behind the trees covered by the rays of the setting sun came my mother’s voice.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7 . Paley arrived at Spring Grove Apartment 18 months ago. Jean Lewin, who lived there, fell in love with the stray (流浪的) cat and decided to
One night, Lewin found Paley was crying and being a bit
Lewin thought the cat wanted to be followed, so she followed his
Lewin had worked on a
Fortunately, the cat saved the day and the story had a happy ending.
1.| A．release | B．sell | C．feed | D．cure |
| A．confidence | B．luck | C．trouble | D．interest |
| A．However | B．Otherwise | C．Therefore | D．Besides |
| A．stay away from | B．take care of | C．look up to | D．put up with |
| A．clean | B．warm | C．still | D．full |
| A．experience | B．conflicts | C．confusion | D．adventures |
| A．comfortable | B．busy | C．unfamiliar | D．strict |
| A．ignore | B．beat | C．copy | D．pet |
| A．casual | B．abnormal | C．happy | D．calm |
| A．promise | B．contribution | C．response | D．wish |
| A．style | B．order | C．example | D．lead |
| A．planted | B．reached | C．knocked | D．destroyed |
| A．skating | B．playing | C．lying | D．crying |
| A．research | B．rescue | C．sports | D．cooking |
| A．quickly | B．randomly | C．curiously | D．hesitantly |
I had been working in a game reserve (野生动物保护区) in South Africa for many years. Though a part of me longed for the busy familiarity of Paris, I knew my life was in South Africa.
One night there was a sharp knock on my door. I wasn’t expecting a visitor. “Francoise? It’s me,” a woman whispered. I threw open the door. “Amanda? What’s wrong?”
Amanda, a thin young woman, was our chef. She motioned for me to come outside. “There’s a baby Ellie here.”
“An elephant?”
“She’s right over there, tiny and terrified.”
“It must be ET’s baby daughter,” I said.
Amanda explained that she’d heard a noise outside her room. She’d taken her flashlight, opened the door and shined it across the garden. A tiny elephant stared back at her, eyes in terror. Not knowing what to do, Amanda had closed the door and climbed out of a back window to call me.
Elephants are fantastic mothers — ET would never leave her baby unattended. Apparently, the baby elephant had somehow slipped under the fence.
Amanda and I had to get her inside the house to keep her safe until we could get her back to her mother. Her frightened eyes stared at us through the leaves. I walked slowly toward the Ellie. She watched me but as soon as I was within touching distance, she ran behind the house. Amanda and I ran after her. Finally, we managed to corner the Ellie in the parking area. She stood completely still, head down and eyes flashing anxiously at any movement or sound. I tried approaching her again, and this time she didn’t resist, allowing us to gently get her into my home.
I kept talking to her, telling her she was safe and that we would get her back to her mum. Then I called the reserve center for help and, to our relief, they promised to come right away.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Realizing the Ellie might be thirsty, I told Amanda to get her some milk.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Soon, we heard the sound of a truck on the dirt track.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 . A new report from the World Wildlife Fund(WWF) and the Zoological Society of London, which analyzed years of data on thousands of wildlife populations across the world, found a declining trend in the Earth’s biodiversity and we’ve got limited time to try to fix it.
According to the data, animal populations across the world declined by an average of 69% between 1970 and 2018. Experts say the rapid loss of biodiversity is a serious and worrying sign of what’s to come for the natural world. “The message is clear and the lights are flashing red,” said WWF International Director General Marco Lambertini.
According to the report’s authors, the main cause of biodiversity loss is land-use changes driven by human activities such as the development of basic facilities, energy production and deforestation (滥伐森林). But the report suggests that climate change, which has had a wide impact on plant and animal species globally, could become the leading cause of biodiversity loss if rising temperatures aren’t limited to 1.5℃.
Lambertini said biodiversity loss and climate change are already responsible for a series of problems for humans, including death and homelessness from extreme weather, a lack of food and water and an increase in the spread of specific diseases.
But the terrible news comes with signs of hope: Though there is no panacea (万能之计), experts say there are feasible solutions to the loss of biodiversity. Solutions range from protecting forests to establishing a cross-border trade system in Africa, the report said.
WWF chief scientist Rebecca Shaw said that humans have the opportunity to change how they do things to benefit nature. “We don’t have to continue the patterns of development the way we have now. Food production, unsustainable diets and food waste are really driving that habitat destruction. And we have an opportunity to change the way we produce, we eat and we consume food,” Shaw said. “Little things that we can do every day can change the direction of these population declines.”
1. What does the new report mentioned in the first paragraph focus on?| A．Climate change. | B．Forest protection. |
| C．Wildlife habitat. | D．Earth’s biodiversity. |
| A．Human impacts on land. | B．Climate change on Earth. |
| C．A lack of food and water. | D．The spread of specific diseases. |
| A．There is no need for humans to worry about biodiversity loss. |
| B．There is something humans can do to stop biodiversity loss. |
| C．It’s impossible for humans to stop the decline of biodiversity. |
| D．It’s unnecessary for humans to continue benefiting nature. |
| A．Education. | B．Economy. | C．Environment. | D．Science. |
1.保护野生动植物的重要性；
2.你校的宣传活动；
3.你的建议。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
