1 . Salmon are cold-water fish, so they can get quite stressed when swimming up increasingly warm rivers to spawn (产卵). A new study shows that by installing ”cooling stations” in those rivers, we could help the threatened fish make the trip.

While global warming is causing river temperatures to rise, spawning salmon still get some “breath” at what are known as shelters. These are places where cool water from underground springs flows into the main river, bringing the water temperature down.

However, due to the effects of climate change, natural shelters are becoming less common and making less of a difference. With that problem in mind, hydrology PhD candidate Kathryn Smith and her colleagues from Canada’s Dalhousie University set about creating human-made shelters. Two such shelters-an active one and a passive one were tested in rivers in the province of Nova Scotia this summer.

The active shelter used a pump (泵) to deliver cool groundwater from an urban well into a warm stretch of river, creating a cooling water flow which extended at least 60 meters downstream. In the passive shelter, a covered trench (沟渠) was used to direct water from a meander (曲流) back into the main river. During the time the redirected water was blocked from the sunlight, its temperature dropped accordingly.

Even when these shelters cooled the water by only a few degrees, spawning salmon could easily gather in these areas. What’s more, greater numbers of the fish gathered at the stations during a heat wave.

Smith is now planning on scaling up the technology for more extensive testing. She is presenting her research this week at the Geological Society of America’s GSA Connects 2023 meeting in Pittsburgh.

1. What problem are salmon faced with?

A．Rubbish in the river is increasing.	B．Fishermen catch them without limit.
C．Rivers are getting warmer and warmer.	D．The temperature of rivers remains unchanged.

2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．How salmon behave in shelters.	B．How the two shelters work.
C．The terrible effect of climate change.	D．The high price of building the shelters.

3. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?

A．The shelters made a big difference.	B．Salmon preferred to travel in groups.
C．Salmon liked to spawn in clean water.	D．The shelters heated the water quickly.

4. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?

A．Entertainment.

B．Health.

C．Sports.

D．Environment.

2 . Living in Mexico, I struggled with the language. The kids in our _________ called me “The American Lady.” One day, as I was _________ outside in the small garden, two little boys ran up to my gate, “Lady, lady, blah blah blah.” That’s what I understood, but their gesture made me want to find out what was so _________. I walked down the street with them.

At the corner, I _______ a pile of garbage with a small dog on top. The poor little animal smelled _________. I didn’t know how long she’d been there, but I _________ she needed water.

I ran home to get water and a little food, Ted asked what was up, and I _________ what I had found. He returned with me, carrying a cat cage. I put down the water and a small cup with the food. The puppy looked at the food but didn’t make any effort to eat or drink. Ted said we needed to get her to the _________ as soon as possible. We put the puppy into the cage and _________ set out. As we were shown into the exam room, I took her out of the __________ and put her on the metal table. The puppy looked up at me and then, with all her __________, pulled herself over to me and __________ her head on my stomach. That was it. This was my puppy.

What __________ me was the puppy was probably four months old, and we were in our late seventies. I don’t think old people should adopt young animals. I had seen too many cases of trying to find homes if the owners __________, but all that reasoning flew out of the window when that puppy laid her head on my stomach. She had chosen me, and I wouldn’t __________ her.

1.

A．city

B．hospital

C．neighborhood

D．school

2.

A．working

B．struggling

C．marching

D．hiking

3.

A．fundamental

B．urgent

C．dramatic

D．complicated

4.

A．classified

B．threw

C．picked

D．spotted

5.

A．awful

B．fragrant

C．marvelous

D．sour

6.

A．guarded

B．warned

C．concluded

D．ignored

7.

A．assumed

B．displayed

C．whispered

D．explained

8.

A．shelter

B．vet

C．expert

D．bank

9.

A．initially

B．hesitantly

C．immediately

D．completely

10.

A．cage

B．box

C．trunk

D．seat

11.

A．emotion

B．strength

C．memory

D．action

12.

A．transformed

B．shook

C．bowed

D．placed

13.

A．bothered

B．failed

C．claimed

D．amused

14.

A．left off

B．tested out

C．took flight

D．passed away

15.

A．carry

B．abandon

C．exchange

D．possess

3 . People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep, dark lakes when it comes to waters.     1     However, ponds are an important body of water as they fight climate change, improve biodiversity, and help conservation, according to The Revelator organization. So if you are thinking about creating a beautiful and enriching element to your garden this spring, consider a pond.

    2     In Switzerland, less than ten percent of the ponds from the last 200 years remain. And in the UK, less than a quarter of the ponds that existed at the start of the 20th century are still around.

Nowadays, a European organization called PONDERFUL is trying to give ponds power by increasing awareness of their importance. They are the unsung heroes of the natural world and are in the front line of climate action, supporting wildlife and capturing harmful emissions.

Adding even a tiny pond in your garden can achieve natural wonders and will actually better all other ecosystems, according to Pond Informer, an online guide about ponds.     3     For example, ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced.

They also offer a space for birds to bathe, cool, off and drink.     4     They help with pollination, spread seeds, and control insects. Swallows can eat hundreds of thousands of insects each night, bugs that may just munch on your garden during the day!

With help now on the way, Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds thus increasing the population of birds and frogs, including the endangered European tree frog.     5    

A．Ponds are simply disappearing.

B．Tiny ponds are usually ignored.

C．In turn, these birds can benefit your garden.

D．Your pond can play a part in your community.

E．People can have a great time by creating the ponds.

F．A pond becomes home to many plants and animals.

G．Small, shallow ponds are being restored on former golf courses in the UK.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式

In October 2021, China announced the opening of its Giant Panda National Park. Giant pandas are no longer classified as     1     endangered species but are still vulnerable (脆弱的), so conservationists are still working     2     (boost) their population numbers. By protecting pandas, the park also benefits another 8.000 animal and plant species living in the same ecosystem.

One creature     3     shares the same habit al with the giant panda is the red panda. While less famous than the giant panda, the red panda is just as cute—and     4     (unfortunate), endangered. Habitat loss caused by human activity     5     climate change is a major threat. While exact population numbers are unknown, researchers estimate that red pandas     6     (decline) by 50% in the last 18 years.

Another endangered animal living here is the clouded leopard (豹).     7     (large) than a house cat, clouded leopards are named for their irregular, cloud-like     8     (spot). The clouded leopard isn’t the only cat moving around the Giant Panda National Park. The snow leopard also shares the territory, although it’s rarely seen,     9     (make) it difficult for researchers to assess its population numbers. Snow leopards     10     (list) as vulnerable due to the increasing threats to their natural habitat.

5 . Michael Bublé and Mariah Carey have been surpassed on the Australian ARIA music charts by an album (专辑) that consists entirely of birdsongs. Songs of Disappearance features the voices of 53 birds, all threatened species, collected over more than 40 years and now turned into a lovely meditative (冥想的) recording.

The album has sold 2,000 copies so far. Songs of Disappearance is the result of a partnership between the Bowerbird Collective and David Stewart, who is responsible for collecting the birdsong recordings. All the money from the album sales goes to BirdLife Australia, in order to support and promote the latest version of The Action Plan for Australian Birds, a comprehensive review of the continent’s birds that has been published each decade since 1992.

Scan Dooley, national public affairs manager at BirdLife, thought the realization that these unique sounds could one day be silenced forever is very poignant (辛酸的). However, he described the album as a great opportunity to highlight the condition of the threatened birds in a much more upbeat way to a different audience than BirdLife can usually reach.

Australian birds suffer from historical and ongoing habitat loss. The Black Summer bushfires in 2019—2020 alone made 26 birds more threatened than they were ten years ago, including 16 on Kangaroo Island alone. And there is a significant population decline of 6 million for 17 bird species in the high altitude rainforests of Far North Queensland, including the lovely Fernwren.

Statistics like these are terribly depressing for the sense of helplessness they indicate. But at least Songs of Disappearance offers some practical solutions. Dooley believes the benefits extend beyond its support of BirdLife’s work. The greater value is bringing to the attention of a wider audience the beauty and wonder of the birds singing as more people are needed not just to take part in local conservation actions, but to demand the government step up and save the birds.

1. What is Songs of Disappearance?

A．A book written by Sean Dooley.

B．A song released by a famous singer.

C．An album of David Stewart’s collections.

D．A comprehensive review of wildlife in Australia.

2. What do the figures in Paragraph 4 indicate?

A．Bird population is large.	B．The situation is serious.
C．The album is well-received.	D．Protection efforts are ineffective.

3. Where does the value of Songs of Disappearance lie?

A．Promoting wider awareness.	B．Supporting government actions.
C．Preserving voices of extinct species.	D．Providing fund for more environmentalists.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．BirdLife Tells Stories of Hopelessness

B．Meditative Recording Sales Hit New Heights

C．Birdsong Album Tops Australian Music Charts

D．Australian Government Steps up to Deal with Wildfire

6 . Lacey, 13, found a large bumblebee(大黄蜂)lying in the road while walking her dog. She picked up the bee and noticed it had a broken wing. She tried to put it on some flowers in a nearby park, but it refused to stay there and climbed back to her hand. After an hour, she gave up and headed home with the little creature.

On the way home, the bumblebee was resting on Lacey’s glasses as she went into a local shop to buy milk-shocking other shoppers. Despite many attempts to leave the insect outside, the lovely bee refused to leave Lacey’s side.

Now recovered and named Betty, it follows her everywhere. And once it even stayed with Lacey during the games with her friends at the bowling room.

During the day, Betty rests on the back of Lacey’s neck, or hides inside her clothes or flies around the living room. At night, Lacey puts Betty in a little bottle beside her bed. While there is no lid(盖子), it stays inside quietly until morning.

“I’m so happy and I love spending my time with her,” said the girl. “She’s so lovely and I love our friendship.”

The bee likes Lacey’s food, but also gets sugar water, honey and strawberry jam. Lacey also takes her bee-pal into the garden to enjoy flower honey, but as soon as the girl goes back inside, Betty is right beside her.

“It’s really lovely and so beautiful,” said her mother, Laura. “I’m also glad that Lacey has a new close friend.” Betty enjoys a touch between the wings, but stays away from the rest of the family—mom, dad and two younger brothers. “We have all the doors open a lot and she’s just never gone—I don’t know why,” said Laura.

1. What did Lacey find in the road?

A．A lost dog.

B．An injured bumblebee.

C．A girl called Betty.

D．Some beautiful flowers.

2. How did the customers feel when Lacey entered the shop?

A．Shocked.

B．Angry.

C．Delighted.

D．Excited.

3. Where does Betty stay when Lacey sleeps at night?

A．In the living room.

B．On Lacey’s glasses.

C．In a nearby park.

D．In a little bottle.

4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Betty loves every one of Lace’s family.

B．Betty dislikes touches from humans.

C．Laura also likes the presence of Betty.

D．Laura is worried about Lacey’s safety.

7 . Don't worry about why the chicken crossed the road—the bigger question is whether it'll make it at all.     1     But that road risk has dropped because of the COVID pandemic.

When officials began issuing stay-at-home orders to slow the spread of COVID-19, Shilling and his colleagues quickly realized they were witnessing a novel experiment:     2    

The answer is a lot of things, including fewer accidents and lower greenhouse gas emissions from cars. In their latest report, the researchers found that driving less has also led to a dramatic decrease in roadkills.

"    3     As far as I'm aware, no other action has been taken since creation of the national parks."

The team documented about a third fewer kills in the four weeks following shutdowns. If such a slowdown persisted for a year, 27.000 large animals would be saved in just those three states.

    4     Some populations in urban areas are at risk of local extinction, and vehicles are one of the top killers. However, in recent months, traffic deaths of mountain lions have dropped by 58 percent, revealing an important clue about how to save them.

People are now returning to the roads as stay-at-home orders are lifted.     5     "Yeah, I just say—everybody loves wildlife, you know—and if we can find a way to not kill them, it seems like everybody can line up behind that."

A．What happens when we all start driving way less?

B．But Shilling hopes some of the lessons might stick.

C．It's a good idea to stay knowledgeable about the risks.

D．The idea is that most of the animals died a senseless death.

E．It's actually the largest protection action that the U.S. has ever taken.

F．In California, the researchers also looked specifically at mountain lions.

G．Every year, millions of animals get killed by vehicles in the U.S.

8 . 短文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

It was a Sunday and the heavy storm lasted all night. The morning before the storm, though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea touching the shore gently.

My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invites my sister and me to go with him. I was only 14 and fishing had never been my thing, and I decided to go all the same. I'm so glad I did.

On the road to the harbor we could see the terribly destruction on the coast, but the harbor itself was in fairly good shape. After all, it protected by the arms of a bay that had only one tiny channel to the sea. As we got on the board, we noticed two big humps(脊背)in the distance.

On approached them, we saw it was a mother whale with his baby. We couldn't believe it—there aren't any whales along the coast here. The storm must have driven them across the ocean into the bay, in that the still water was such badly polluted that nothing could survive.

9 . Bringing a pet into a family with small children around is not a decision to take lightly. Many parents are concerned about the health and safety of the kids with pets around.     1    

Kids with pets like dogs go outside more often for daily walks, exercise and have more playtime with them.     2     Other studies found similar results with disabled children and that pets can help them to deal with the condition.

Kids growing up with pets can be taught responsibility. Experts explained in an article how adopting a pet into a family with kids can teach young humans responsibility.     3     Feeding and caring for a pet encourage children to learn the value of responsibility.

    4     A study showed reduction of stress and anxiety in kids of some families with pets. A follow-up study with a bigger sample (样本) size of kids in regular households confirmed the previous conclusion.

Kids who get pets often read to their pets.     5     They also found that reading to pets helps children make positive associations around reading out loud. Improving reading motivation improves reading performance. This may be especially important for students who struggle to read because poor reading abilities are also associated with low reading motivation.

Parents should practice safety tips for raising kids and pets together. This partnership can result in children growing up much healthier both mentally and physically.

A．Pets require food, water and love.

B．Children just like reading loud to pets.

C．Researchers found their reading improves clearly.

D．Studies showed that kids with pets are more relaxed.

E．However, there are many benefits for kids growing up with them.

F．Parents should learn the flowing ways to raise kids and pets together.

G．A study showed that children with pets around are more likely to move more.