1 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1 个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

A Long March-5 rocket,     1     (carry) the Chang’e-5 spacecraft, takes off from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southern island province of Hainan on November 24,2020.

China’s Chang’e-5 probe( 探 测 器 ) decelerated and entered the lunar orbit on Saturday,     2    completed a vital step on its way to collect and return moon samples, the China National Space Administration (CNSA)     3    (announce).

After flying about 112 hours from Earth,     4     engine on the probe ignited (点火) when it was 400 km away from the surface     5     the moon at 8:58 p.m. and shut down after about 17 minutes, the CNSA said.

The probe performed the braking without incident and entered the lunar orbit     6    (successful ) according to the real-time monitoring data.

Chang’e-5 , which     7     (make) up of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender(上升器 ), and a returner, has carried out two orbital     8    (correction) during the Earth-Moon transfer, achieving its     9     (expect) goals.

Afterward, it will adjust the altitude and inclination (倾斜度) of its orbit around the moon. When the time is appropriate, it will land softly on the near side of the moon     10    (collect ) and return samples from the moon as planned.

2 . 语法填空

The probe of China’s first Mars mission Tianwen-1 flew a total of 100 million kilometres by 10:08 a.m.    1     Friday,according to China National Space Administration.

    2     (launch) on July 23,the probe was sent into the Earth-Mars transfer trajectory(轨道) by the country’s Long March-5 carrier rocket.It becomes     3     artificial planet to circle the Sun together with the Earth and the Moon,    4     (fly) away from the Earth and approaching the red planet.It is now 10.75 million kilometres away from the Earth     5     36 days’ travel.When arriving at Mars,the probe will be about 195 million kilometres from the Earth with an actual flight     6     (distant) of roughly 470 million kilometres.

During the flight,the probe has     7     (successful) captured a photo of the Earth and the Moon,and completed the first mid-course orbital correction.

It is expected     8     (carry) out deep-space maneuvers and multiple mid-course corrections later,and conduct orbiting,landing and roving missions after approaching the Mars orbit.

The Tianwen-1     9     (schedule) to make a second orbital correction in September to ensure that the probe is flying accurately in     10     (it) preset orbit.

3 . The British entrepreneur Richard Branson has successfully flown to the edge of space and back in his Virgin Galactic passenger rocket plane, days ahead of a rival launch by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, as the billionaires compete to kick off a new era of space tourism. Seventeen years after Branson founded Virgin Galactic to develop commercial spacecraft, the space plane went into sub-orbital flight on Sunday morning, reaching 88 km above the Earth’s surface.

“Welcome to the dawn of a new space age,” Branson tweeted (发推特) shortly after the flight. Branson is the first of the competing “billionaire space barons”, and the flight can be served as a huge stunt (噱头) of advertisement for Virgin Galactic. In nine days’ time, Bezos will launch his own rocket, New Shepard — named for Alan Shepard, the first American astronaut in space, which was manufactured by Bezos’s company Blue Origin. On Saturday, Blue Origin tweeted a message of good luck to Virgin Galactic, after laughing at the company on Friday, when it came to whether Unity 22 was really going into space, instead of just to the edge of space.

The boundary between Earth’s atmosphere and outer space, known as the Kármán line, has been a source of controversy for years. Aeronatics standard setter Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines the Kármán line as the altitude of 100km above Earth’s average sea level, However, US space agency NASA says the boundary is 80km, above sea level.

Interest in space tourism is rapidly catching on. Virgin Galactic says it has more than 600 reserved seats at $250,000 each for people who will fly in the future. The company plans to launch two additional flights before commercial service begins in 2023.

1. Why is Amazon founder Jeff Bezos mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A．To present his achievement.	B．To introduce the following topic.
C．To make a comparison with Branson.	D．To give an explanation of space tourism.

2. What does Branson’s initial flight mean?

A．Act as an advertisement.

B．Launch an rocket plane.

C．Gain a good luck message.

D．Make fun of Blue Origin.

3. Which is controversial among scientists?

A．Earth’s atmosphere.

B．The Kármán line.

C．The altitude of outer space.

D．The Earth’s average sea level.

4. What can we know about Virgin Galactic’s space tourism?

A．Over 600 reserved seats will be provided.	B．Tourists can get two extra flights.
C．Commercial service has begun.	D．250,000 people can fly to space in 2023.

4 . For years, planet-hunters have been searching for a planet other than Earth that can support life. They may have found one.

The planet is the sixth found orbiting a star called Gliese 581. Steven Vogt, one of the scientists involved, expects the new planet to have water. On Earth, when we find water, we find life.     1    

A planet that can support life has to be just the right size for its system and just the right distance from its star. Some planets orbit so close to their stars that they’re much too hot for liquid water—or for life as we know it.     2    

But a right-sized planet that's neither too close nor too far might be just right for water. Gliese 581 is probably just right. It is about three times as huge as Earth.     3     Because it’s so close, one side of it always faces its star, and the other side is always dark.

The new planet is 20 light years away, which is as far as 250 million trips to the Moon and back.     4     Only light can go that fast. So even at the fastest speed we could manage, it would take a spaceship from Earth more than 200 years to go that far.     5     But that doesn’t mean we can’t study it. Thanks to powerful new telescopes and new techniques for searching the skies, scientists can learn a lot about distant planets without even leaving Earth.

Gliese 581 is an exciting discovery—and astronomers are likely to find more soon, thanks to new, powerful telescopes specifically designed to look for planets.

A．We can’t travel at the speed of light.

B．It’s pretty hard to imagine that water wouldn't be there.

C．Human beings won’t be visiting this planet any time soon.

D．So scientists looking for life on other planets look for water first.

E．It orbits its star so closely that it goes all the way around in only 37 days.

F．Astronomers will probably find more potential life-supporting planets soon.

G．Other planets keep their distance from the stars—where they’re too cold to have water or life.

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Yang Liwei was 38 years old when he went to space on the Shenzhou V,     1     (make) China the third country to master manned space capabilities.

In his article, Yang recalled several breathtaking     2    (moment). He said, “When the rocket lifted to a height of about 30-40 kilometers, I felt it began to vibrate(振动)     3    (violent), and it was extremely painful.” Vibrations in the spacecraft below 10 Hz can damage internal organs, and even threaten a person’s life. The near-deadly moment lasted for 26 seconds. When it was finally over, Yang felt like he had been reborn.

Yang also described mysterious knocking sounds from outside the craft. He still doesn’t know where they came from. He also described     4     his city looked like from space. “I flew over Beijing and saw the mountains in the daytime and sparkling(闪烁的) lights     5     night. And there live my friends and my     6    (love) ones.”

After his return, Yang reported the     7    (normal) vibrations to scientists, who solved the issue before the Shenzhou VI’s launch. So far, a number of new technologies     8    (apply) to the core cabin(核心舱), Eighteen years after his first trip to space, Yang said with a smile he even “envied”     9    (he) fellow spacemen who now have such comfortable space accommodations,     10     show how China’s space program has grown.

7 . China has successfully landed its rover on Mars, becoming the second country in history to have a rover on the red planet.

The rover, Zhurong, named after a god of fire in Chinese mythology, landed Saturday morning at the pre-selected area in Utopia Planitia on Mars. The six-wheel solar-powered Zhurong rover weighs about 240 kilograms (529 pounds) and carries six scientific instruments. It will be later released from the lander for a three-month mission in search of life on Mars' surface.

Tianwen-1, whose name means “Quest for Heavenly Truth,” will relay its signal to the rover during its mission and then conduct a global survey of the planet for one Martian year. It hopes to gather important information about the Martian soil, geological structure, environment and atmosphere, and to search for signs of water. The probe has spent three months in orbit scanning the landing area before releasing the rover to the surface, and sent back its first photo of the planet from more than a million kilometers (621,371 miles) away.

Tianwen-1 was launched by a Long March 5 rocket from the Wenchang space launch center in Hainan on July 23 last year, and spent seven months on the way to Mars before entering its orbit in February. “The probe is going to orbit, land and release a rover all on the very first try, and cooperate with an orbiter in observation,” the scientific team behind Tianwen-1 said before the rover's landing. “No planetary missions have ever been implemented in this way”.

Tianwen-1 is one of three international Mars missions launched last summer due to an alignment between Earth and Mars on the same side of the sun, making for a more efficient journey to the red planet. Unlike the US and China missions, the UAE probe is not intended to land on Mars---just study the planet from orbit.

1. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Zhurong?

A．It is a god of fire in modern times.	B．It is in position for exploration on Mars.
C．It is only 240 kg in total weight.	D．It is powered by strong winds.

2. What does the team say about the on-going mission?

A．Tianwen-1 has been orbiting Mars.	B．Tianwen -l is working with an orbiter.
C．Tianwen-1 has made a history in missions.	D．Tianwen-1 has released the rover Zhurong.

3. What can we say about Tianwen-l according to the text?

A．It is likely to find the signs of water on Mars.

B．It will spend seven months on the survey of Mars.

C．It has sent back the information about the Martian soil.

D．It is a bridge between the control centre and the rover Zhurong.

4. What can be inferred about the Mars missions launched last summer?

A．They will finish the same tasks on Mars.

B．The UAE probe will simply circle around Mars.

C．They made the journey to Mars in a relatively shorter time.

D．The mission of Tianwen-l doesn't include that of the UAE probe.

8 . The far side of the moon is a strange and wild region, quite different from the familiar and mostly smooth face we see nightly from our planet. Soon this rough space will have even stranger features: it will be crowded with radio telescopes.

Astronomers are planning to make the moon's distant side our newest and best window on the cosmic(宇宙的) dark ages, a mysterious era hiding early marks of stars and galaxies. Our universe was not always filled with stars. About 380,000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled, and the first atoms of hydrogen formed. Gigantic hydrogen clouds soon filled the universe. But for a few hundred million years, everything remained dark, without stars. Then came the cosmic dawn: the first stars flickered, galaxies came into existence and slowly the universe's large­scale structure took shape.

The seeds of this structure must have been present in the dark­age hydrogen clouds, but the era has been impossible to probe using optical(光学的) telescopes—there was no light. And although this hydrogen produced long­wavelength(or low­frequency) radio emissions,radio telescopes on Earth have found it nearly impossible to detect them. Our atmosphere either blocks or disturbs these faint signals; those that get through are drowned out by humanity's radio noise.

Scientists have dreamed for decades of studying the cosmic dark ages from the moon's far side. Now multiple space agencies plan lunar missions carrying radio­wave­detecting instruments—some within the next three years—and astronomers' dreams are set to become reality.

“If I were to design an ideal place to do low­frequency radio astronomy, I would have to build the moon,” says astrophysicist Jack Burns of the University of Colorado Boulder. “We are just now finally getting to the place where we're actually going to be putting these telescopes down on the moon in the next few years.”

1. What's the purpose of building radio telescopes on the moon?

A．To research the big bang.	B．To discover unknown stars.
C．To study the cosmic dark ages.	D．To observe the far side of the moon.

2. What does the underlined word “probe” in Paragraph 3 possibly mean?

A．Explore.	B．Evaluate.
C．Produce.	D．Predict.

3. Hydrogen radio emissions can't be detected on Earth because ________．

A．there was no light in the dark ages

B．they cannot possibly get through our atmosphere

C．gigantic hydrogen clouds no longer fill the universe

D．radio signals on Earth cause too much interference

4. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?

A．Scientists have to rebuild the moon.

B．We will finally get to the moon's distant side.

C．The moon is a perfect place to set up radio telescopes.

D．A favorable research environment will be found on the moon.

9 . Since 1998, when NASA kicked off the biggest search for near-Earth asteroids (小行星), scientists have detected more than 25,000 of them. 2020 turned out to be a record year for discoveries. Despite the COVID-19 pandemic interrupting many of the surveys, astronomers recorded 2,958 previously unknown near-Earth asteroids over the year.

A large number came from the Catalina Sky Survey, which uses three telescopes in Arizona to hunt for threatening space rocks. Operations closed briefly last spring because of the pandemic. A wildfire in June caused a longer closure, yet the Catalina survey still discovered 1,548 near-Earth objects.

These included a rare ‘mini-moon’ named 2020 CD3, a tiny asteroid less than 3 metres in diameter (直径) that had been temporarily captured by Earth’s gravity. The mini-moon broke away from Earth’s pull last April.

Other discoveries last year, 1,152 came from the Pan-STARRS survey telescopes in Hawaii. The finds included an object named 2020 SO, which turned out to be not an asteroid, but a leftover rocket booster that had been circling around in space since it helped to launch a NASA mission to the Moon in 1966.

Some of the asteroids discovered last year came close to Earth. At least 107 of them passed the planet at a distance less than that of the Moon. Last year’s narrow escapes included the tiny asteroid 2020 QG, which skimmed just 2,950 kilometres above the Indian Ocean in August. That made it the closest known approach, a record broken just three months later by another small object, 2020 VT4. That one passed less than 400 kilometres from the planet, and wasn’t spotted until 15 hours after it had zipped by. Had it hit, it would probably have broken apart in Earth’s atmosphere.

All of these discoveries are making astronomers more conscious of the ball objects of the Solar System, where plenty of asteroids spin around in the space near Earth.

1. How many near-Earth asteroids might have flown past Earth in 2020?

A．More than 2,958.

B．1,152.

C．More than 25,000.

D．1,548.

2. What is 2020 SO in the fourth paragraph?

A．It’s an asteroid.

B．It’s space junk.

C．It’s a mini-moon.

D．It’s a NASA mission.

3. What may the discoveries of asteroids bring about?

A．Launching a new rocket.

B．Setting up a new space station.

C．Destroying the near-Earth asteroids.

D．Raising concern about the space.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The discovery was suspended due to the wildfire in June.

B．The scientists of NASA began the biggest search for asteroids.

C．The discoveries of the near-Earth asteroids hit a record high.

D．The astronomers renamed 2,958 newly-found near-Earth asteroids.

10 . Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits with Loeb’s alien (外星的) spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit (轨道) of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.

Astronomers in Hawaii found the first known interstellar (星际的) object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away, part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris (碎片) from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.”

“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.

Loeb says that “Oumuamua’s” behavior, means it can’t be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that’s very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship’s sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs, he will immediately give in.

Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk- taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn’t mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.

1. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?

A．It is an icy comet.

B．It looks like a long photo.

C．It is actually some sort of rock.

D．It may come from another alien civilization.

2. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Searches for.	B．Depends on.
C．Turns to.	D．Goes against.

3. What do you think of Loeb?

A．He is foolish.

B．He is unsatisfied with his titles.

C．He is a firm believer in scientific truth.

D．He is uncertain about his career future.

4. What’s the best title for the text?

A．Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?

B．Do We Really Know about Space Theory?

C．Scientists Are Working on High Technology

D．Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel