1 . Rahul Aggarwal was in medical school when he got the surprising news that his mother-a fit woman in her 40s-had been diagnosed with type2 diabetes (糖尿病). “I always thought of diabetes as a disease of people at higher weights and with certain lifestyle practices.” he recalls, “but my mom was an Indian American woman with a healthy weight and good diet and exercise practices.”

Aggarwal, now a clinical fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston began thinking about how diabetes seems to affect certain ethnic and racial groups. It quantified diabetes risk in minority groups to determine if current screening recommendations are correct and equal.

The current standard was released in 2021 by the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), which issues evidence-based guidance on disease prevention. The recommendation is to test adults aged 35 to 70 for diabetes if they are overweight or obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI)of 25 kg/m2 or more. Aggarwal and his cooperators looked at the lowest-risk individuals qualified to screen under that rubric(评价量规). The researchers were shocked to find that the rate was about double for Hispanics and even higher among Black and Asian Americans. They concluded that to detect diabetes equally across all these groups, you would need to test Asian Americans with a BMI of 20 and Black and Hispanic individuals with a BMI of just 18. 5-measures considered to be in the healthy range.

Ngo-Metzger, who was the USPSTFs scientific director from 2012 to 2019, notes that “most studies of diabetes were done in middle-aged white individuals,” She argues that they ‘should be revised. “The study found that you would miss so many Blacks, Hispanics and Asians when you use these guidelines. I think it’s a kind of harm.”

1. What can we learn about Aggarwa’s mother?

A．She seldom had exercise.

B．She was diagnosed with diabetes at an old age.

C．Her poor diet and overweight accounted for her disease.

D．Her disease probably had a connection with her race.

2. What’s Ngo-Metzger’s attitude towards the current screening standard?

A．Critical

B．Positive

C．Neutral

D．Indifferent

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．New findings about cure diabetes.

B．The causes of diabetes are complicated.

C．More and more people suffer from diabetes.

D．The current screening standards are not proper.

4. What might be talked about in the following passage?

A．Detecting diabetes early.

B．Diabetes prevention.

C．Revising the current screening standard.

D．New ways to cure diabetes in the future.

2 . An immigrant is a person who has come to live permanently in a country that is not their own. More than 145 million immigrants live outside their native countries.

    1    Some people move because of war, political or economic problems, or natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. Some immigrants move to be with family members, to marry, or to find better living conditions.

Where are immigrants moving from?     2     One of the largest immigration flows is from Latin America and Asia to the United States. Another immigrant flow is from Eastern Europe, the former Soviet republics and North Africa to west Europe.    3     In countries such as Saudi Arabia, 90% of the total population is now foreign born.

When immigrants arrive in a new country, they often live in urban neighborhoods. As a result of immigration, many city neighborhoods change.    4    For example, the historic Esquilino neighborhood in Rome is now the home of a large number of Chinese immigrants. There are also many new immigrants from Albanian, Moldova, Bulgaria, and Ukraine. In some schools in Athens, 50% of the children are foreign born.    5    In Los Angeles, 37% of the population is foreign born, and children in the public schools speak 82 different languages. In New York, 40% of the population is foreign, and children speak 140 different languages in the schools.

A．And what countries are they moving to?

B．Immigrants move to other countries for different reasons.

C．Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways.

D．Immigrants open new stores, restaurants, and other businesses.

E．Many immigrants also move from Africa and Asia to the Middle East.

F．Moreover, Los Angeles has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.

G．Los Angeles and New York are two cities in the US with very large immigrant populations.