1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Monaco is a tiny country in Southern Europe. It is also the second     1    (small) country in the world after the Vatican. One third of the population in Monaco     2    (be) millionaires.

Due to its small size, the country     3    (make) use of land from the Mediterranean Sea since the 1880s. It was only in the 1960s and 1970s     4    broader land reclamation(开垦) took place. The entire district now known as Fontvielle was totally reclaimed from the sea.

Now Monaco plans to expand     5    (it) size even more. They develop a new neighborhood known as Portier Cove. The     6    (construct) already started in 2017 when marine sediment (海洋沉积物)was removed,     7    (expose) the rocky seafloor to lay the foundations.

The project aims to be finished by 2026. Portier Cove will house up to 1,000 people in luxury homes. The area will also include a marina(码头),a park and     8    awesome public place for walking.

Some experts, who show disapproval of the project, argue that there could be damage     9    the sea life and that the marine ecosystem may     10    (replace) by dry land. To reduce the risk of damage, an artificial reef will be constructed and rare shells and grasses have already been relocated.

2 . 语法填空

When we talk about ancient Greece,     1     (know) as “the birthplace of Western civilization”, we usually mean the years between 800 BCE and 146 BCE when there was a lot of cultural, social and scientific progress.

Ancient Greek literature and poetry are still popular today. You can find Greek myths (神话)     2     (study) by school children worldwide. The Olympic Games,     3     (hold) in Greece in 776 BCE for the first time, still take place every four years.

3 . The secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are powerful among people. Maya civilisation     1    （surround）by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built     2    （impress）palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya     3    （abandon）most of their great cities. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people themselves may have played     4    part in their downfall. Owing to the     5    （change）landscape, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their     6    （able）to deal with natural disasters. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline     7    the Maya. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities.     8     the reasons, Maya civilization     9    （large）disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin,     10    （leave）various mysteries for later people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.

4 . 语法填空

Ancient Rome began as a small village, possibly     1     (build) in the 8th century BCE, which then grew to become one of the most powerful civilizations in history.

The Romans developed their own system of writing numbers     2     (call) Roman numerals. We still use Roman numerals today on clock faces.

The Romans were also excellent engineers and architects who built impressive stadiums, temples and statues. They also built many hard-surfaced roads to other countries and       3     (develop) advanced heating systems.

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The United States of America (commonly     1    (refer) to as the United States, the U.S.,the USA,the States or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district.The country is situated mostly in central North America,    2     its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington,D.C., the capital district, lie     3     the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.

At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with more than 300 million people,the United States is the third or fourth     4     (large) country by total area,and third largest by land area and by population.The United States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S.economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross domestic product (GDP) of US $14.3 trillion.

The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4,1776,they issued the Declaration of Independence,     5     proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union.The rebellious states     6     (defeat) Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War,the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current United States Constitution on September 17,1787; its ratification the     7     (follow) year made the states part of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.

In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over states’ rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led     8     the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s,     9     national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States emerged from World War II as the first country     10     (have) weapons,a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO.The end of the Cold War left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading economic,political,and cultural force in the world.

6 . 阅读下面语段，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There is so much     1     (learn) about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.     2    (study) the history of the country will make your visit more     3    (enjoy).

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    1     (get) to know a little bit about British history will help you understand what these different names—the United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain England—mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales     2     (join) to the Kingdom of England. Later, Scotland and then Ireland was added. Although the four countries have some differences, they use the same flag,     3     (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military    4     (defend).

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Canada is a broad and beautiful country that stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. In the ten provinces and three territories     1     (make) up Canada, there is great diversity in geography. The grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep     2     (valley) carved by ice and water, rise to the east of the Pacific coast. Another popular tourist attraction is the mighty Niagara Falls.

In addition to diversity in geography, the diversity of its residents is obvious. Some of Canada’s earliest settlers,     3     are thought to be ancestors of the indigenous peoples,     4     (cross) the Bering Strait with the help of a land bridge.

Today Canada reflects     5     vast mixture of ethnic background. The major ethnic groups include the English, Scottish and French,     6     the minority groups include residents from Singapore and the Pacific Islands.

The ethnic variety, in turn, brings about cultural diversity. In Montreal, one of the     7     (large) French-speaking cities in the world, you can sample the food with a typical French flavour. If you are looking for something     8     the beaten track, you may visit Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia. As you are exposed to diverse cultures, you may feel     9     (transport) through time and space. Indeed, Canada has been     10     ( consistent) ranked by the United Nations as one of the best countries to live in.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

President Xi Jinping said on Dec 3 that China has accomplished     1     (it) poverty alleviation target of the new era as scheduled and achieved     2     significant victory that impresses the world. Through eight years of sustained work, up till now, China     3     (lift) all rural poor population under the current standard out of poverty and nearly 100 million poor people have shaken off poverty, Xi made the remarks while     4     (chair) a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee. China has removed all poor     5     (county) from the poverty list, and eradicated absolute poverty and regional poverty, Xi said.

The great victory in poverty     6     (reduce) has laid solid foundations     7     the fulfillment of the first centenary goal—     8     (finish) building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021- and has boosted the people’s feeling of gain, happiness and security. Reports suggest the livelihood of the people in poverty-stricken areas has been greatly improved, and     9     the people have sufficient food and clothing, as well as access to compulsory education, basic     10     (medicine) services and safe housing.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many people are     1     (confuse) about what the different names of the UK mean. So it is necessary to know a little about its history. Between the 16th century and 19th century, Wales Scotland, and the Kingdom of Ireland were joined to the Kingdom of England. In the 20th century, the     2     (south) part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which led     3     the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. People from the UK     4     (call) “British”. The UK is also referred to as Britain or Great Britain. So this is     5     the UK has such different names.