1 . People worldwide are living longer. Today, for the first time in history, most people can expect to live into their sixties and beyond. By 2050, the world’s population aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion, up from 900 million in 2015. Today, 125 million people are aged 80 years or older. By 2050, there will be almost this many (120 million) living in China alone, and 434 million people in this age group worldwide.
The pace of population ageing around the world is also increasing dramatically. France had almost 150 years to adapt to a change from 10% to 20% in the proportion of the population that was older than 60 years. However, places such as Brazil, China and India will have slightly more than 20 years to make the same adaptation.
A longer life brings with it opportunities, not only for older people and their families, but also for societies as a whole. Additional years provide the chance to undertake new activities such as further education, a new career or a long ignored passion. Older people also contribute in many ways to their families and communities. Yet the extent of these opportunities and contributions depends heavily on one factor: health.
There is, however, little evidence to suggest that older people today are experiencing their later years in better health than their parents. While rates of severe disability have declined in highincome countries over the past 30 years, there has been no significant change in mild or moderate disability over the same period.
If people can experience these extra years of life in good health and if they live in a supportive environment, their ability to do the things they value will be of little difference from that of a younger person. If these added years are affected by declines physically and mentally, the results for older people and for society are more negative.
1. What does the author want to tell in the first paragraph?A.The whole world is faced with the problem of ageing. |
B.Some countries witness people live longer than before. |
C.China has the highest rate of ageing population at present. |
D.By 2050, over half of the world’s population is ageing. |
A.The attitude of the older to life. |
B.The contributions the older make. |
C.The health of the older people. |
D.The activities the older take part in. |
A.Concerned. | B.Objective. |
C.Negative. | D.Astonished. |
A.His own opinion. | B.Some data. |
C.Causes and effects. | D.Comparisons. |
2 . Look into the future of what we eat, and you'll start wondering what could happen to our meals. As the world's population surpasses nine billion, our food needs will grow by 50 percent. How do we meet them without clearing more forests or expanding industrial agriculture, one of the most significant contributors to climate change? How do we keep our soil healthy, so that crops can grow well?
These questions are challenging. "But one thing is clear," says food journalist Lin Yee Yuan. "To feed nine billion people," she warns, "we're going to need all hands to the pump."
Many of those hands likely will be trying to find new ways to produce protein as the environmental stress of animal production becomes increasingly great. Animal production represents about one-seventh of all human-made greenhouse gas emissions. Beef produced in concentrated feeding operations typically requires nearly eight times the water and 160 times the land per calorie as vegetables and grain. No wonder United Nations officials have been urging everyone to eat less beef—and new food companies are taking it seriously.
Among them is the producer of the Beyond Burger, a patty with beefy coloring and protein from plants that is already available throughout the United States in about 10,000 grocery stores and many restaurants.
Other solutions take inspiration from nature. By the early 2000s, staff at the Land Institute were selectively breeding a grain to create a variety with better production, seed size, and disease resistance.
Today the result, called Kernza, is growing on 500 acres in the United States. A variety of food producers are readying it for market—including Bien Cuit, a high-end bakery in New York, which has made bread with it, and Hopworks Urban Brewery in Oregon, which sells a Kernza beer. "Whatever our meals may be like in 50 years, climate change will require us to make better use of what we already have," says global food expert Raj Patel. "The 21st century is teaching us that things once thought to be weeds and pests could turn out to be food."
1. What do the questions in the first paragraph focus on?A.Climate change. | B.Global feeding. | C.Future diet. | D.Increasing population. |
A.To stress the benefits of meat-free food. | B.To introduce food companies' dilemma. |
C.To explain the success of plant-based burgers. | D.To show an environment-friendly meat alternative. |
A.It is losing its market. | B.It has obvious drawbacks. |
C.It is the solution to saving the world. | D.It has found its way into food products. |
A.We need to widen our food sources. | B.We will run out of ideas in 50 years. |
C.Everything will be tough in the 2lst century. | D.Everyone should make an effort to save food. |
3 . Japan has a population of 127 million. Tokyo is the largest city and holds one third of the population in the country. There are thousands of people passing by in a minute at the center of the busiest crossing in the city. At weekends, the supermarkets and subway stations are crowded with people.
Japan's government is considering a new way to get people to consider life outside Tokyo: Pay them to leave.
According to a report from NHK on Nov. 22, if someone decides to move from the 23 blocks of Tokyo and find jobs somewhere else, the government will think about giving as much as 3 million yuan to people. The population is increasing all the time in Tokyo and the areas around the city even though the whole population of Japan reduces. That's often been at the cost of other cities. The number of people moving to Tokyo has exceeded the number moving out for 22 years and the number counting. Nearly one out of every three people in Japan lives in the Tokyo area.
In the past several years, Japan's government has taken many measures to encourage people to keep away from the capital. for example, help build smaller population areas. Some local governments have used tax cuts to encourage companies to leave the Tokyo area, while others will pay them to leave.
But Japan's large government institutions, its top schools, as well as companies all lie in Tokyo, leaving the capital seems to be a day dream for most Japanese.
1. What's the population of Tokyo?A.About 127 million. | B.About 42 million. |
C.About 31 million. | D.About 127 hundred million. |
A.The people who live in Tokyo. | B.The people who work in Tokyo. |
C.The people who leave for Tokyo. | D.The people who move out of Tokyo. |
A.Useless. | B.Helpful. | C.Boring. | D.Easy. |
A.Japanese in Tokyo can get as much as tax cuts. |
B.Most Japanese will still live and work in Tokyo. |
C.“Pay them to leave” is popular among Japanese. |
D.Japan's government cares nothing about population. |
How do you count 1.3 billion people in the middle of a pandemic? China, as the world's most populous country, will launch its seventh
According to state-run news agency Xinhua, the huge undertaking will see around 7 million census
As well as traditional methods, citizens will also
China conducts its census every 10 years. The last survey
This year's census may even show a decrease in
5 . More than 2 million immigrants from Africa live in the United States. A new study from the Pew Research Center finds that they are, on average, college-educated and employed. In fact, they are more likely than native-born Americans to have gained advanced degree. And they are employed at about the same rates as the general population.
The study is important for several reasons. It shows that most Africans living in the U.S. are not struggling, out-of-work persons with little schooling. It also shows that the African immigrant population is different in the U.S. than in Europe. In addition, African immigrants in the U.S. are more likely than those in Europe to be working.
Monica Anderson is a researcher at Pew and one of the writers of the report. She told VOA that the research team wanted to compare the backgrounds of African immigrants in the U.S. to those in Europe. "What we found is that the African immigrant population really stands out and that they are a very highly educated group," Anderson said.
The Pew study is based on 2015 data from the U. S. Census Bureau and Eurostat's Labor Force Survey. One reason for different backgrounds among African immigrants is how close things are to each other. Europe is much easier to reach than the U. S. for low-income Africans. They can come by boat or other ways. In contrast, African immigrants coming to the U.S. often have the money to travel by plane as well as permission to enter the country.
But previous research found that higher education and employment levels do not always mean a higher quality of life. In 2015, researchers at Pew looked at black immigrants from Africa, the Caribbean, Central America and South America. They found that their average household income was more than $ 8,000 lower than the U.S. average.
1. What did the researchers intend to do?A.Compare the backgrounds of African immigrants. |
B.Find out why African immigrants come to America. |
C.Get to know how African immigrants make a living. |
D.Figure out how African immigrants come to America. |
A.America is richer. | B.America is harder to reach. |
C.America requires more employees. | D.America values education more. |
A.They are badly treated. | B.They are looked down upon. |
C.They live in poor areas. | D.They earn less than the average of Americans. |
A.African immigrants come to America for different reasons. |
B.African immigrants in America work harder than other groups. |
C.African immigrants in America are well-educated and employed. |
D.African immigrants in America live a better life than other immigrants. |
The Chinese population census (普查) takes place every 10 years,
Tracking down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens
The data are expected to give a full picture of the population, including
1. What are the two speakers' nationalities?
A.British and Chinese. | B.Chinese and French. |
C.Chinese and American. |
A.The problem of rapid growth of cars in cities in America. |
B.The problem of rapid growth of cities in America. |
C.The problem of rapid growth of skyscrapers. |
A.Yes, they do. | B.No, they don't. | C.We can't know. |
A.Most Americans decide not to have any children. |
B.Most Americans decide to have as many children as they can. |
C.Most Americans decide to have only one or two children. |
According to the report, the picture of the earth in the year 2020 is not a
Food production will
A.learning | B.project | C.notice | D.study |
A.pleased | B.pleasant | C.safe | D.blue |
A.dangerous | B.beautiful | C.crowded | D.terrible |
A.no more than | B.as many as | C.as much as | D.as large as |
A.developing | B.developed | C.big | D.mountainous |
A.none | B.each | C.all | D.neither |
A.insist | B.reduce | C.increase | D.continue |
A.so | B.but | C.or | D.however |
A.already | B.hardly | C.partly | D.never |
A.wanted | B.lacked | C.found | D.expected |
A.destroying | B.protecting | C.disturbing | D.interrupting |
A.saved | B.lost | C.discovered | D.found |
A.Air pollution | B.Water pollution | C.Some diseases | D.All farmland |
A.animals | B.plants | C.forests | D.people |
A.must be true | B.will come true | C.can't be true | D.may be wrong |
A.happens | B.develops | C.exists | D.appears |
A.settling | B.working out | C.answering | D.dealing |
A.no | B.still | C.less | D.plenty of |
A.about | B.in | C.out | D.for |
A.working | B.suggesting | C.spending | D.waiting |