1 . 假定你是李华，你班同学们最近就野生动物的保护展开了讨论。请你向学校报社写一封信，呼吁大家都来保护野生动物。内容包括：
1. 野生动物的现状；
2. 如何保护野生动物；
3. 总结，表达心愿。
注意：
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Water shortage is knocking at the door. It is one of the     1     (great) crises facing us today, with two thirds of the global population     2     (live) in areas where water is short for a month or more every year. There are two main factors (因素) leading     3     this problem: increasing global demand for water, and unsustainable means by which these demands are being met. Though global water usage     4     (increase) a lot over the last fifty years, it is predicted that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.

This is not just     5     matter of turning the tap off when you brush your     6    (tooth), cutting your showers down to 3 minutes, or sharing the washing-load with your roommates. In fact, daily activities of human make up less than 4% of our total water usage, with 92% falling into two groups,     7     are the industrial production of household items and the production of food. Astonishingly, 69% of our total daily water usage comes from the     8     (grow) and production of food alone.

    9     (unfortunate), there is no reference book for the exact number of liters (升) used in the production of any individual food item. This is a hard thing to do, for we have other factors     10     (consider) when weighing up the benefits of every food choice: taste, cost and convenience.

5 . A young Dutch inventor is widening his effort to cleanup floating (浮动的) plastic from the Pacific Ocean. He has developed a floating device (设备) to trap plastic waste moving into rivers before it reaches the oceans.

Boyan Slat was just 18 years old when he invented a system for catching waste in the ocean. He also founded an environmental group called “The Ocean Cleanup”. Its purpose is to develop the system. Last year, Slat showed the next step: a floating device which is called Interceptor. It removes plastic out of rivers. The device is powered by energy from the sun. “The 1,000 rivers are responsible for about 80% of plastic going into the world’s oceans,” said Slat. Three of the machines have already been used. Each machine costs about $775, 660, but the cost might drop as production increases.

Since they were used, the machines have been doing very well, collecting the plastic bottles and all the rubbish in the rivers. According to Slat, it is necessary to close “the tap”, which means preventing more plastic from reaching the ocean in the first place. He wanted to clean them all in the next five years. “This is not going to be easy, but if we do get this done, we could truly make our oceans again, ”said Slat.

The device is designed to be safe in rivers. Its nose is shaped to change directions to keep it away from larger floating things. It works by guiding plastic waste into an opening in the front of the device. The waste is then carried inside the machine where it is dropped into containers. The devices ends a text message to local operators that can come and empty it when it is full.

1. What do we know about Interceptor?

A．It needs solar power to work.	B．It is mainly used in the oceans.
C．It is being under test.	D．It can help sort waste.

2. What does “the tap” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A．The waste.	B．The oceans.
C．The machines.	D．The rivers.

3. What’s the function of the device’s nose?

A．To ensure the device’s safety.	B．To send operators text messages.
C．To empty the waste.	D．To serve as containers.

4. Where is the text most likely from?

A．A novel.	B．A magazine.
C．A diary.	D．A guidebook.

6 . The populations of common animals are just as likely to rise or fall in number in a time of accelerating global warming as those of rare species, a study suggests.

Until recently, scientists were still accumulating data on how animal populations were shifting over time globally across the different regions of the planet.

Making use of the newly available data, a team of University of Edinburgh researchers studied nearly 10000 animal populations recorded in the Living Planet Database between 1970 and 2014 to provide a new perspective on animal population change. These include records of mammals, reptiles, sharks, fish, birds and amphibians.

The team found that 15 percent of all populations declined during the period, while 18 percent increased and 67 percent showed no significant change. Amphibians were the only group in which population sizes declined, while birds, mammals and reptiles experienced increases. The overall decline in amphibians makes them a priority for conservation efforts, researchers say, as their loss could have knock-on effects in food chains and wider ecosystems.

Gergana Daskalova, of the University of Edinburgh’s School of GeoSciences, who led the study, said, “We often assume that declines in animal numbers are prevalent everywhere. But we found that there are also many species which have increased over the last half of a century, such as those which do well in human-transformed landscapes or those which are the focus of conservation actions.”

Dr. Isla Myers-Smith, also of the School of GeoSciences, who co-authored the study, said, “Only as we bring together data from around the world, can we begin to really understand how global change is influencing the biodiversity of our planet.”

1. With the global temperature rising, what happens to the animals?

A．Rare animal species tend to decline.

B．Common animal species tend to increase.

C．Global wanning is accelerating with the loss of animal species.

D．The population of common animals changes just like rare ones.

2. How did scientists carry out the study?

A．By analyzing existing information.	B．By studying animals，behavior.
C．By comparing different studies.	D．By recording the data of animals.

3. What does the underlined word “prevalent” in Paragraph 5 mean?

A．Sharp.

B．Common.

C．Steady.

D．Relative.

4. What is Dr. Isla Myers-Smith's attitude toward the study?

A．Objective.

B．Optimistic.

C．Subjective.

D．Pessimistic.

7 . Saving the environment is a hot topic right now, and most companies are thinking of ways to “go green”, that is, to reduce pollution and save electricity.     1    

How do you reduce energy use in your home？How do you make your home eco-friendly?     2     “Green” houses look similar to the houses we live in today, with a few noticeable differences. They have solar panels on the roofs or have some kind of wind power to produce their own electricity. On sunny or windy days when the house is not used, power is produced and stored in batteries (电池) for later use at night, while extra power is fed back into the power grid to make money. Imagine getting paid by the power company instead of paying the company.     3    

One of the main reasons that we use so much power in our homes is to heat or cool them. “Green” houses are very well insulated (隔热的), keeping the temperature inside fixed.     4     Obviously, the appliances (家用电器) used inside our houses must also be “green” to limit the energy they use and the waste heat they send out.

    5     This way, they can reduce the burden (负担) on the environment for raw materials (原材料). You can paint your next house whatever color you like, but make sure it is “green”.

A．Used plastic, paper, and rubber are included.

B．The answer might be to build a “green” house.

C．Most importantly, solar energy or wind power is clean energy.

D．Finally, “green” houses are built largely from used materials.

E．Not only large buildings but also small family houses are “green”.

F．In the construction industry, this practice is also becoming popular.

G．As a result, we can reduce the need for a lot of power to heat or cool them.

8 . The air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short trip from camp. On the plain (平原), we can just see many wild animals. This is why we're here to observe Tibetan antelopes.

Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang and Qinghai.Watch them move slowly across the green grass. I'm attracted by the lovely animals.I'm also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being killed for their valuable fur.

My guide Zhaxi works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a place for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, protesting the wildlife is a way of life."We're not tying to save the animals.” he says,"Actually, we're trying to save ourselves."

Between the 1980s and 1990s, the population of the Tibetan antelope dropped by over 50 percent. People were shooting antelopes to make profits. Their living places were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.

In order to save the animals, the Chinese government placed them under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.

The measures were effective. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015.the Tibetan antelope was removed from the list of animals in danger. The government, however,does not intend to stop the protection programs, since the threats (威胁) to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.

Much is being done to protect wildlife but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. We can stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet only when we learn to exist in peace with nature.

1. The author went to Tibet in order to     .

A．breathe fresh air in Tibet	B．enjoy the scene in Tibet
C．learn the history of Tibet	D．observe Tibetan antelopes

2. Where does Zhaxi work?

A．In Tibet.	B．In Xinjiang
C．In Qinghai.	D．In Sichuan

3. What happened to the Tibetan antelope between the 1980s and 1990s?

A．Tibetan antelopes were well protected.

B．Tibetan antelopes population dropped

C．Tibetan antelopes lived in peace with people

D．Tibetan antelopes destroyed new roads and railways,

4. According to Paragrah6, the measures taken by the Chinese government were .

A．Useless

B．basic

C．successful

D．simple

5. What's the purpose of the text?

A．To kill the Tibetan antelope.	B．To study the Tibetan antelope.
C．To watch the Tibetan antelope.	D．To protect the Tibetan antelope.

9 . 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Eli对中国正在推广的垃圾分类政策很感兴趣，他想了解一下相关情况，请你给他写封回信，内容包括：
1. 上海率先实行；
2. 垃圾须分四类(干、湿、可循环、有害) ；
3. 公众反应。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 trash sorting
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10 . If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America - and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.

Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9. 2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6. 9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6. 3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin - the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.

No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth’s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5. 3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.

Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine( 海 洋 的 )animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.

“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.

1. Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?

A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.

B．To introduce what marine animals like eating.

C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.

D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.

2. What’s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?

A．Lacking protection.	B．Being stuck by plastics.
C．Being caught by humans.	D．Treating plastics as food.

3. What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．Some people don’t know the solution of plastics waste.

B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.

C．It’s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.

D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.	B．A travel brochure.
C．An environmental report.	D．A lifestyle magazine.