环境保护练习题及答案-上海高中英语-组卷网

阅读理解-阅读单选(约480词) | 适中(0.65) |

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国人的碳足迹远远超出全球平均值，严重影响环境，作者希望美国人能减少碳足迹，并给出了自己的建议。

1 . Our carbon footprint is the estimated amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) given off as we go about our daily lives. While the global average carbon footprint is about 4 tons per person each year, Americans contribute approximately 20 tons of greenhouse gas per person each year. Compared to other countries, even those who use the least amount of energy in the US still contribute double the carbon emissions than the global average per person. And, not surprisingly, a person’s carbon footprint increases in size as his or her income increases.

How is it possible that people in the US who live simple lifestyles, e.g., children or the homeless, make such large contributions to greenhouse gas emissions? The answer is simple: Each US citizen has access to various basic government services such as firefighting and police departments, road and bridge repair, libraries, jails and prisons, the military, etc. When these public services are divided equally among the entire US population, it significantly raises the carbon footprint per person. In fact, according to a study conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the lowest carbon footprint that can be calculated for a person living in the US is 8.5 tons. And shockingly, this carbon footprint corresponds to a homeless person who sleeps in public shelters and eats in soup kitchens.

While it is admirable to make changes in lifestyle to reduce a carbon footprint, in reality, it is very difficult to do. The MIT study revealed that a “rebound effect” occurred when someone made an effort to reduce his or her carbon footprint. Take the example of a person who made the deliberate choice to buy a hybrid car instead of a large SUV to save money on gas costs. Very often that person would use the money he or she saved to do something else, e.g., take a long airplane trip. In this case, just one long airplane trip produces more CO₂ emissions than driving the large SUV for a year. This ends up having a negative impact on a person’s carbon footprint by making it bigger!

Can Americans reduce their carbon footprints? According to the study, it is possible, but it would require lifestyle changes such as giving up long-distance travel and buying fewer smartphones, tablets, and MP3 players that have large energy costs to produce and deliver. Another way to lower the average Americans US carbon footprint is to add a CO₂ tax on food, housing, and transportation, and most Americans don’t want their taxes raised. Unless we can find a way to reduce our carbon footprints, the price we may ultimately have to pay is much higher than the amount Americans will ever have to pay in taxes.

1. The first two paragraphs are intended to____.

A．show why people in the US should live simple lifestyles

B．argue against the world’s misinterpretation of US lifestyles

C．reveal how big the carbon footprints of people in the US are

D．stress the impact of carbon footprints on American peoples life

2. Which of the following is an example of the “rebound effect” (paragraph 3)?

A．Mary ate a large meal after she had been on diet for a week

B．Tom bought a hybrid car because it saved him a lot of money

C．Susan gave up long airplane trips to do her bit for the environment.

D．David had a good knowledge of what harm CO₂ emissions would do.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Investment in basic government services should be reduced.

B．A homeless person’s carbon footprint is not easy to calculate.

C．The less a person spends, the more environmentally friendly he is.

D．A CO2 tax has already been added on food, housing and transportation.

4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．How Can We Change Our Lifestyles?

B．Can We Make Our Footprints Smaller?

C．Why Are Our Carbon Footprints Important?

D．What Makes Contributions to Green house Gas Emissions?

昨日更新 | 12次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市新川中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

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23-24高二下·上海浦东新·阶段练习

书面表达-概要写作 | 适中(0.65) |

发明与创造环境保护城市

2 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Light the Cities of the Future

A previously unlit cycle path in the Netherlands has recently drawn our attention. It has been resurfaced with a material that consists of thousands of shining stones in order to create a well-lit route. The Van Gogh Path, so called after the artist who lived in the town of Nuenen in 1883, combines the traditional with the contemporary in a gesture that acknowledge ledges Van Gingh’ masterpiece The Starry Night, but also shows the way ahead for city lighting. The Van Gogh Path is not a single case; it is not difficult to foresee a time when natural materials could help light the cities of the future.

Why should we care about city lighting? What’s wrong with current electrical city lighting anyway? Well, the problem that it causes is two-fold. First, of course, electrical lighting in most cities comes from non-renewable resources. According to the International Energy Agency, almost 20% of global electricity is consumed for lighting, which is responsible for high levels of carbon emissions. But there’s also the belief that electrical light itself is a form of pollution by destroying our view of the night sky.

From the above reasons, then, it seems wise to investigate other approaches. The city of Glasgow is attempting to use intelligent street lighting to monitor how citizens interact with the urban landscape and minimize electrical consumption and thus emissions. This “Smart City approach” is seen by many as the way of the future, but some designers aren’t convinced. They are pioneering the altogether more original approach of using materials from the natural world in order to replace electrical light entirely. They believe that this new “technology” can one day completely replace microchips and digital systems as we find better ways of making use of the light-producing mechanisms (制) that already exist in the natural world.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7日内更新 | 3次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市新川中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

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23-24高二下·上海浦东新·阶段练习

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中(0.65) |

发明与创造环境保护

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新技术在牙膏管生产中的应用。这种技术使用了超滑表面，使得牙膏管能够更容易地被清空，从而减少浪费，并有助于回收利用。

3 . Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. applied B. impurity C. embraced D. commercial E. Mixed F. promises
G. imposed H. demonstration I. employs J. giant K. version

How to get all of the toothpaste out of the tube haunts many a bathroom. Bus not, perhaps, for much longer. Colgate-Palmolive, an American consumer-goods 1 , has taken up an invention in super-slippery surfaces to produce a toothpaste tube that 2 to deliver every last scrap of their contents.

In 2012, two inventors set up a company called LiquiGlide to commercialise their work on making liquids flow easily through pipes and out of containers. What caught many people’s imaginations at the time was a(n) 3 of how this could be used to empty a ketchup bottle without shaking it vigorously.

So far, ketchup-makers have not 4 the idea. But the health and beauty industry, where products tend to be pricier than ketchup, is interested. A Swiss company 5 the technology to lessen the amount of material left stuck to the insides of pipes and vesseis in its factories when it is time for a clean-up.

LiquiGlidc’s deal with Colgate is, though, the firm’s first big break into a consumer business. The new toothnastc called Elixu, comes in three varicties: a formula tor whitening teeth, one for gum and enamel care and a “detox” 6 which, it is claimed, removes any 7 from the mouth. All are packaged in plastic tubes that can be emptied with ease.

To produce the slippery pipes and containers, a pattern is first 8 an them and then a suitably formulated liquid is 9 . This fills the gaps in the texture, treating a surface across which gooey substances slide easily.

Besides pleasing customers who like to get their money’s worth, the new, slippery toothpaste tubes should help with recycling. Existing tubes are rarely recycled, not only because they have residue left inside them but also because they are usually made from a laminate of plastic and aluminum foil. 10 materials of this sort are hard to recycle, and therefore end up being dumped in landfills.

7日内更新 | 6次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市新川中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

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23-24高三下·上海闵行·阶段练习

听力选择题-短文 | 适中(0.65) |

人与动植物环境保护

名校

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．They support human lives.

B．They cure human discases.

C．They estimate species.

D．They stop plant extinction.

2.

A．Polluting the environment.

B．Destroying wildlife habitat.

C．Organizing activities.

D．Introducing new species.

3.

A．To analyze the main causes of the disappearing of some wild animals.

B．To appeal to people to protect wildlife.

C．To emphasize the importance of the earth.

D．To describe different ways to stop pollution.

7日内更新 | 8次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市闵行(文绮)中学 2023-2024学年高三下学期5月月考英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海·阶段练习

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 适中(0.65) |

环境保护社会问题与社会现象

名校

文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了PFAS（俗称“永久化学品”）的环境污染问题。PFAS是一种难以降解的人工化合物，对野生动物和人类健康构成潜在威胁。研究表明，PFAS与多种疾病有关，且污染无处不在。文章指出，由于缺乏有效监管，PFAS行业持续生产这些化学品，而政府和企业应采取措施减少污染，并寻找替代品。

5 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. allowing B. detectable C. hazard D. irresponsible E. linked
F. optimism G. punishing H. routes I. sowed J. unavoidable K. widespread

Time for a clean-up

You are probably aware of the term “forever chemicals”, if not entirely clear on the specifics. What they are is a class of around 16, 000 artificial compounds called PFAS that break down very slowly, if at all in the environment and our bodies. They are extremely useful, but also a potential 1 to wildlife and human health. After more than 80 years of 2 and often unlimited use, PFAS pollution is more or less everywhere, from the soil on our farms to the rain that waters them. In all likelihood, you have a(n) 3 amount of these chemicals in your body.

A growing body of research has 4 exposure to some types of PFAS to harmful effects, such as kidney disease, immune dysfunction and certain types of cancer. Just a few parts per trillion of some forms accumulated over time is enough to be damaging. Moreover, exposure is more or less 5 . Skipping greaseproof (防油的) packaging or filtering tap water may limit acute exposure, but there are many other pollution 6 . In any case, for most of us, it is already too late.

How did we let it come to this? To some extent, society is reaping what it 7 by permitting so many novel chemicals to be released without a proper system to test their safety first. That has to change, and not just for PFAS. Time and again we find, too late, that industrial chemicals are harmful—as now seems the case with those in some climbing shoes—while 8 the firms that make them to carry on business as usual. There is nothing illegal in that. Nevertheless, the PFAS industry has been extremely 9 . There is good evidence that some producers have known for decades that the chemicals could cause harm, but actively confuse that knowledge. As the science of PFAS advances, there is 10 that they can be replaced, as well as rounded up (聚集) from the environment and destroyed.

7日内更新 | 8次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市晋元高级中学2023-2024学年高一5月月考英语试卷

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23-24高二下·上海·阶段练习

书信写作-其他应用文 | 较易(0.85) |

计划环境保护

名校

6 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
6月 5 日世界环境日 International Environment Day将至, 你所在的班级准备以此为契机筹划一次班级主题活动，你积极参与筹划并设计了一个活动方案，请你在全班同学面前介绍你的方案。介绍包括以下两个方面：
1、简述你活动方案的主题和内容。
2、谈谈你设计该活动方案的理由。
(文中不能涉及真实信息)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7日内更新 | 18次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市敬业中学2023-2024学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海·期中

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 较易(0.85) |

旅游观光环境保护

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。随着越来越多的人寻求新的旅游体验，生态旅游已经逐渐受到欢迎。短文介绍了生态旅游的益处以及使生态旅游能够成功的要素。

7 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

A. locals B decrease C. experienced D.positive E.popularity F.efficiently
G. focus H. increase I. respectful J. protect K.fiercely

Eco-tourism involves people travelling to beautiful but environmental sensitive place. Such trips are usually carried out with a(n) 1 guide. Over recent years, this type of travel has been steadily gaining 2 as more people search for new travel experiences.

It is obvious that eco-tourism is beneficial in many aspects. First, all the money spent by the tourists is used to 3 the important environmental spots they visit. Second,it helps visitors to better understand the environment, which is sure to 4 their knowledge of the world. Furthermore, this style of travel is also more 5 of the local culture.

Compared to normal tourists, eco-tourist use energy more 6 , save water and produce less rubbish by finding ways to recycle it. These behaviors have a(n) 7 and lasting effect on the local environment.

Two things are needed to make eco-tourism a success. First, it should be done in small groups. And second, because it requires great effort, both eco-tourists and 8 must be sincere in their devotion to improving the environment. Green travel provides local people with jobs in parks, hotels and shops. One great achievement of eco-tourism has been the 9 of ilegal hunting. Former hunters can now work as guides to help keep the animals safe in their natural surroundings. Peru is one country using eco-tourism to promote respect for the environment. It's able to take better care of its rainforests because of 10 on more sustainable travel. In addition to this, local people's living-standards have improved. Many others are now following Peru's example and using eco-tourism to preserve their environment for the future generations.

7日内更新 | 14次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海大学附属嘉定高中2023-2024学年高一下学期期中质量监测英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海·阶段练习

选词填空-短文选词填空 | 较难(0.4) |

环境保护气候变化及影响

名校

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球气候变暖的现状及其严重后果。文章指出，自工业革命以来，地球温度已经上升了一度多，巴黎气候协定旨在将升温限制在两度以内，但成功的几率很低。文章列举了两度和四度升温的灾难性后果，并回顾了在1979年至1989年期间，各大国几乎达成了减少碳排放的全球框架，但最终未能成功。

8 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. conclusive B. indiscriminate C. awe D. favourable E. uninhabitable F. address
G. advocating H. agenda I. attain J. conventional K. odds

The world has warmed more than one degree Celsius since the Industrial Revolution. The Paris climate agreement hoped to restrict warming to two degrees. The 1 of succeeding, according to a recent study based on current emissions trends, are one in 20. If by some miracle we are able to limit warming to two degrees, we will only have to negotiate the extinction of the world’s tropical reefs, 2 the sea-level rise of several meters and abandon the Persian Gulf. The climate scientist James Hansen has called two-degree warming “long-term disaster”, which is now the best-case scenario. Four-degree warming will mean “short-term disaster”: Europe in permanent drought; vast areas of China, India and Bangladesh claimed by desert; the American Southwest largely 3 .

In the decade that ran from 1979 to 1989, we had an excellent opportunity to solve the climate crisis. The world’s major powers came within several signatures of 4 a global framework to reduce carbon emissions — far closer than we’ve come since. During those years, the conditions for success could not have been more 5 . The obstacles we blame for our current inaction had yet to emerge. Almost nothing stood in our way — nothing except ourselves.

Nearly everything we understand now about global warming was understood in 1979. Human beings have altered Earth’s atmosphere through the 6 burning of fossil fuels. At the start of the 1980s, scientists within the federal government predicted that 7 evidence of warming would appear on the global temperature record by the end of the decade, at which point it would be too late to avoid disaster. A report prepared by the National Academy of Sciences advised that “the carbon-dioxide issue should appear on the international 8 in a context that will maximize cooperation and minimize political controversy and division.” If the world had adopted the proposal widely supported at the end of the ‘80s, warming could have been held to less than 1.5degrees.

But they failed, even though the world’s leading oceanographer Henry Stommel and the Harvard planetary physicist Richard Goody, whose mere presence could inspire 9 , tried to warn humanity of what was coming. They risked their careers in a painful campaign to solve the problem, first in scientific reports, later through 10 avenues of political persuasion and finally with a strategy of public shaming. Their efforts were passionate and they failed. Now it is our turn.

2024-05-25更新 | 12次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高一下学期第二次月考英语试题

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23-24高一下·上海·期中

完形填空(约360词) | 适中(0.65) |

发明与创造环境保护记叙文

名校

文章大意：本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了Nzambi Matee将塑料垃圾变为彩色砖块的想法及她为解决塑料污染问题所做的努力。

9 . The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government intensified the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have _________ made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get _________ into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colourful bricks.

The material engineer’s search to find a(n) _________ solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to _________ a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.

She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very _________ that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by _________ the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”

Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained _________ from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora.

The collected plastic is _________ with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.

Matee, who was recently recognized as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental _________ — is far from done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create __________ for the youth.”

1.

A．barely

B．nearly

C．mildly

D．equally

2.

A．leaked

B．turned

C．loaded

D．dumped

3.

A．personal

B．orderly

C．feasible

D．adjustable

4.

A．remind

B．convince

C．assure

D．direct

5.

A．clear

B．fair

C．bold

D．mature

6.

A．enclosing

B．distributing

C．channelling

D．reversing

7.

A．distantly

B．openly

C．secretly

D．directly

8.

A．replaced

B．mixed

C．equipped

D．fixed

9.

A．level

B．grant

C．diploma

D．honour

10.

A．employment

B．experiment

C．entertainment

D．investment

2024-05-14更新 | 37次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷

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23-24高一下·上海·期中

完形填空(约380词) | 适中(0.65) |

健康饮食环境保护说明文

文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了在线食品外卖服务带来的影响。尽管带来便利和就业机会，但也存在健康、食品安全和环境等问题，需谨慎选择，并提倡减少浪费，注重健康和可持续发展。

10 . Few people knew about online food delivery apps ten years ago, but today, many would find it hard to live without them. In China alone, over 400 million people use such apps. ________ online food delivery services have changed the way we eat, and they are also having a huge impact on our society.

These services have ________ brought us many benefits. They provide jobs for millions of people and help restaurants find more customers. Since the apps are very convenient, they also benefit consumers: we can now have meals delivered at any time of a day, ________ bad weather or busy schedules. This is especially true for people who work long hours, since they might not have time to cook. Not only do these apps _________ time, they also provide us with a wide variety of restaurants to choose from. They have proved to be useful for retired people as well: ________ who live far away from restaurants and supermarkets can now get hold of meals and groceries more easily.

However, we must not forget the ________ of online food delivery services. For one thing, they make it even easier to order unhealthy food, ________ in sugar, fat and salt. Food safety is another problem: it can be hard to ________ where the food actually comes from, and whether the owner is legally permitted to run a restaurant. As couriers (外卖员) need to deliver the orders as quickly as possible, some ________ traffic rules. In recent years, there have been a number of terrible traffic accidents because of this. ________, the industry is creating unbelievable amounts of packaging waste: over a million tonnes of online food delivery boxes are thrown away every year. Experts assume that this number will continue to ________ in the future, and this will have an increasingly negative impact on the environment.

There are many advantages of these services, but we need to make sure that we make the right choices ________. We should do our best to limit waste, especially when it comes to ________, so as to contribute to sustainable development. We also need to think about what we eat and the impact on our health. Next time you are thinking about ________, you should ask yourself whether you really need to. In most cases, it's better to walk over to the supermarket, buy the ________ you need, and then cook them yourself.

1.

A．No wonder

B．Sooner or later

C．More often than not

D．For better or for worse

2.

A．in part

B．by far

C．no doubt

D．as well

3.

A．without

B．considering

C．despite

D．including

4.

A．consume

B．save

C．take

D．waste

5.

A．minors

B．majors

C．seniors

D．inferiors

6.

A．strengths

B．drawbacks

C．significance

D．feedbacks

7.

A．high

B．full

C．low

D．sufficient

8.

A．identify

B．modify

C．establish

D．maintain

9.

A．give way to

B．set foot in

C．have no access to

D．pay little regard to

10.

A．However

B．Moreover

C．Instead

D．Comparatively

11.

A．drop

B．shrink

C．balloon

D．double

12.

A．in the long run

B．on a large scale

C．for our reference

D．at our convenience

13.

A．eating

B．pollution

C．transportation

D．packaging

14.

A．online shopping

B．ordering in

C．garbage recycling

D．taking away food

15.

A．ingredients

B．sauces

C．vegetables

D．groceries

2024-05-05更新 | 60次组卷 | 1卷引用：上海市桃浦中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

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