3 . Ninety-seven percent of Earth's water is ocean. No blue, no green. If you think the ocean isn't important, imagine Earth without it. Fifty years ago, when I began exploring the ocean, no one realized that we human being could do anything to harm the ocean.

For me, as a woman scientist, it all began in 1953 when I first tried diving. In 1979, by using a submersible, I had a chance to reach the ocean floor which was six miles offshore and 1,250 feet down. Since then, I've used about 30 kinds of submarines. We need new deep-diving submersible. We need to see the undersea mountains and understand life in the deep sea. Exploring and protecting the wild ocean is my big wish.

What's worrying us is that an ice free Arctic Ocean may happen in this century. That's bad news for the polar bears. Additional CO₂ is not only driving global warming, but also changing ocean chemistry, making the sea more acidic. That's bad news for coral reefs and oxygen-producing plankton. Actually, nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared. We're putting hundreds of millions of tons of plastic and other rubbish into the sea. We're blocking the ocean, poisoning the planet's circulatory system. Most of the turtles, sharks, tunas and whales are way down in numbers. All of these are part of our life support system.

Health to the ocean means health for us. I wish we would use all means—films, explorations, the web, new submarines—and campaign to stimulate public support for ocean protected areas. My wish is a big wish, but if we can make it happen, it can truly save and restore the ocean, the blue heart of the planet. For the children of today, for tomorrow's children: as never again, now is the time.

1. Why does the writer say "No blue, no green." in the first paragraph?

A．To tell us the colors of the earth.	B．To refer to the ocean and the land
C．To show the importance of ocean.	D．To encourage us to explore the ocean.

2. What should we do to protect the ocean according to the text?

A．Make joint efforts	B．Save life support system.
C．Encourage children to take action.	D．Explore the ocean by new technology.

3. What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Means.

B．Campaign.

C．Public support.

D．Wish.

4. What's the writer's attitude towards the current situation of the ocean?

A．Negative.

B．Concerned.

C．Uncertain.

D．Indifferent.

4 . The national movement to get rid of plastic bags is gaining steam — with more than 240 cities and counties passing laws that ban or tax them since 2007 in the US. But these bans may be hurting the environment more than helping it.

University of Sydney economist Rebecca Taylor and colleagues compared bag use in cities with bans with those without them. For six months, they spent weekends in grocery stores recording the types of bags people carried out.

Taylor found these bag bans did what they were supposed to: People in the cities with the bans used fewer plastic bags, which led to about 40 million fewer pounds of plastic garbage per year. But people who used to reuse their shopping bags for other purposes, like picking up dog waste, still needed bags. "What I found was that sales of garbage bags actually grew sharply after plastic grocery bags were banned," she says.

Garbage bags are thick and use more plastic than typical shopping bags. "So about 30 percent of the plastic that was reduced by the ban comes back in the form of thicker garbage bags," Taylor says. On top of that, cities that banned plastic bags saw a surge in the use of paper bags, which she estimates（估计）resulted in about 80 million pounds of extra paper garbage per year.

A bunch of studies find that paper bags are actually worse for the environment. They require cutting down and processing trees, which involves lots of water, toxic chemicals and fuel. While paper is biodegradable(可生物降解的) and avoids some of the problems of plastic, Taylor says, the huge increase of paper means banning plastic shopping bags increases greenhouse gas emissions(排放).

The Danish government recently did a study that took into account environmental impacts（影响）beyond simply greenhouse gas emissions, including water use, damage to ecosystems and air pollution. These factors make cloth bags even worse. They estimate you would have to use an organic cotton bag 20,000 times more than a plastic grocery bag to make using it better for the environment.

1. What is main idea of the passage?

A．Banning plastic bags is gaining popularity worldwide.

B．Banning plastic has great influence on people’s life.

C．Banning plastic increases the use of pager and cloth bags.

D．Banning plastic may harm rather than help the environment.

2. What is the result of banning grocery plastic bags?

A．Plastic bags are no longer needed.

B．People began to reuse their plastic bags.

C．The amount of garbage is even greater.

D．Most of the reduced plastic returns in garbage bags.

3. Why are paper and cloth bags worse for the environment?

A．They are not as biodegradable as plastic bags.

B．It hurts the environment more to make them.

C．They can’t be reused as many times as plastic bags.

D．They are much thicker than plastic bags.

4. What does the underlined word in the fourth paragraph mean?

A．Sharp increase.	B．Fast development.
C．Tight control.	D．Sharp decrease.

5 . Before you throw that old cell phone in the trash，or hide it away in a drawer，think again. There are actually many ways to dispose(处理)of a mobile phone that you are no longer using. First，you should be aware that in many places，throwing away cell phones is actually illegal because the batteries—especially in very old phones—can contain poisonous metals.     1    

You certainly don’t need to pay to recycle an old cell phone.     2     This had led to many charities making a small amount of money by collecting old phones. There are large organizations that will take unwanted phones. However，you might also want to think locally.

    3     And they do make a little bit on each donation. If you can’t find a large cell phone recycling program in your area，you might consider starting a small local one，perhaps for a local public schoo1.     4     As people move to bigger and better phones，or smaller and better phones，there are plenty of old cell phones just waiting for a place to land，and smart schools have provided that place.

You might also want to hang onto any accessories(配件)that you have.     5     Continuing to use accessories in good shape makes smart economic sense.

A．In fact，most companies that recycle them get paid to do so.

B．There are better places to get rid of them than your trash can.

C．Many schools and local charities now have recycling programs.

D．Local charities have contributed a lot in repairing unwanted phones.

E．Things like chargers or covers can often be used with your new phone.

F．The saying that one man’s trash is another man’s treasure certainly applies.

G．Check first，since so many schools have gotten the jump on recycling them already.

6 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（╲）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Nowadays, the destruction of forests is one of most serious environment problems. From that I understand, people are destroying thousands of square kilometers of trees every day. This is killing hundreds of wild animals live in the forests. But something must be done. Unfortunately, we don’t do everything to protect the forests.

People who cut down trees should go to prison. That’s what happens in some country to people who sell plastic bags. That’s what should happened to people who destroy the forests. I can’t help but to think that we must protect wildlife for future generations. Hopeful, our children will be even much responsible that we are today.

7 . If you want to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by train, it will take about 16 hours. But starting this month, the new Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed railway will shorten this travel time to three hours.

The 643-kilometer line is China’s first high-speed railway to run through the Qinling Mountains, which form a natural boundary (分界线) between China’s north and south. With a speed of 250 km per hour, it’s also the first mountain-heavy train line to provide a 4G network. Along the way, the train passes through two areas for rare (稀有) wild animals — one for pandas and the other for crested ibises (朱鹮).

To reduce the railway’s influence on the animals, workers and experts have designed and built the railway to be environmentally friendly. There were 345 wild pandas living in the Qinling Mountains. China currently has 1,864 wild pandas in total, according to the Xinhua News Agency.

To avoid disturbing the pandas, the railway was designed to run through tunnels (隧道) within the area. Protective shields (防护屏) are placed near the entrance of each tunnel to stop animals from going in.

To protect the thousands of crested ibises that fly near one part of the railway, protective nets have been set up to make sure the birds will not fly into a train.

The nets are about 32 km long and 4 meters high. Experts tested different shapes and materials for building the nets before making their final choice.

1. From this month, it will take ________ to travel from Xi’an to Chengdu by the high speed train.

A．16 hours

B．13 hours

C．3 hours

D．1 hour

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the new Xi’an-Chengdu railway?

A．It is China’s first high-speed railway.

B．It runs through the Qinling Mountains.

C．It is the best mountain-heavy train line.

D．The train passes through many areas for rare wild animals.

3. Why did people build the railway to be environmentally friendly?

A．To save money and energy.

B．To avoid damaging the mountains.

C．To avoid harming wild animals.

D．To help the train run through tunnels quietly.

4. What are experts using to stop birds from flying into the train?

A．Tunnels.	B．Tracks.
C．Protective shields.	D．Protective nets.

5. What is the passage about?

A．Xi’an Chengdu high-speed railway.

B．How to protect pandas and crested ibises.

C．Qinling Mountains.

D．Protective shields and nets.

8 . 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Tom准备组织暑期学生社会实践活动，向你寻求活动建议。请你写一封回信，内容包括：1. 活动内容；2. 活动意义。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

       Yours,

Li Hua

9 . Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills (风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the 7th century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.

For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote (偏远的) areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when electricity was available (可利用的) to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were seldom used.

During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.

1. From the text we know that windmills__________.

A．were invented by European armies

B．used to supply power to radio in remote areas

C．have a history of more than 2,800 years

D．have rarely been used since electricity was discovered

2. What was a new use for wind power in the late 19^th century?

A．Producing electricity.	B．Sailing a boat.
C．Grinding wheat into flour.	D．Pumping water from ground.

3. One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that______.

A．the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs

B．it is one of the oldest power sources

C．it was cheaper to create energy from wind

D．wind power is cleaner

4. The passage is mainly about______________.

A．the global pollution from burning coal and gas

B．the worldwide movement to save energy

C．the history of using wind power

D．the advantages of windmills