1 . Watford and her family have lived in Curtis Bay, Baltimore for generations. Her community has faced environmental injustice. Heavy industries continued to move in her community. As a result, her neighbors have had to live with serious respiratory (呼吸的) problems.
When she knew a plan to build the nation’s largest trash-burning incinerator (焚化炉) less than a mile away from her high school, she realized she had to take action. The incinerator was being sold wrongly as clean, renewable energy equipment but actually it would be a source of brain-damaging chemicals and would release 200 million tons of greenhouse gases per year, both worse than coal burning. Watford felt she had a responsibility to warn her community to work together to shut this plant down.
She co-founded Free Your Voice (FYV), a 10-person student organization devoted to community rights and social justice. Together, they decided to start a campaign to take down Energy Answers, the incinerator’s developer. They went door-to-door talking to neighbors and organizing protests.
When it was discovered that Baltimore City Public Schools (BCPS) was going to be a customer of Energy Answers, the organization fought with the board and presented their case, urging BCPS to withdraw from the project. BCPS was convinced to cancel their contract, which in turn inspired 22 other customers to do the same. Without any financial gain, Energy Answers had no market to move forward with its plan.
Watford continues to work with Curtis Bay residents toward fair development. They have a vision for the future which includes building a zero-waste movement, a solar farm, and green jobs. She wants the entire human family to join the fight for environmental justice because survival as a species depends on our ability to take action.
1. What caused respiratory problems in Watford’s community?A.Poor medical care. | B.Terrible environmental conditions. |
C.Constant bacterial infection. | D.Unbalanced distribution of resources. |
A.Unfavourable. | B.Doubtful. | C.Unclear. | D.Indifferent. |
A.BCPS lost financial support. | B.Energy Answers stopped its plan. |
C.The investors found new market. | D.Many customers revised their contracts. |
A.A teenage hero against urban pollution |
B.A teenage hero fighting for an advanced city |
C.A battle for Baltimore’s sky by a teenage hero |
D.The social justice challenge for a teenage hero |
Rising sea levels are threatening coastlines in China, for example in
The good news is
The development of electric vehicles is particularly
Ecological civilization has become the cornerstone (基石) of China’s long-term development strategy, much like climate action is
3 . Mark Covington, founder of the Georgia Street Community Collective in Detroit, stands in a corner of his urban farm, breathing the fresh air in the early morning.
In 2007, Covington lost his job and returned to his childhood street.
Covington started with a small community garden.
A.But if he planted stuff, they might not. |
B.It’s a typical morning scene at the collective. |
C.He saw garbage piled high in vacant, abandoned lots. |
D.Covington made the garden a little bigger to plant more. |
E.And almost immediately neighbors began asking to participate. |
F.He planted a garden to help feed residents and enrich their lives. |
G.What began as an effort to remove trash has turned into a site of community. |
4 . Young Alison Teal never rode in a pushchair or played on a swing on the playground.
Between journeys they would return home to quiet part of the Big Island of Hawaii. Her front yard was the ocean, and her friends were dolphins.
Along with sharing her mission with her Instagram followers, the conservationist gave a TED talk on her discover.
A.How did Alison become a filmmaker? |
B.What was their way of playing catch? |
C.She launched a line of recycled surfboards. |
D.At an early age, she began exploring the world. |
E.Therefore, they approached her whenever she was in the water. |
F.She was mostly home-schooled as the family traveled the globe. |
G.But what shocked her was the amount of rubbish that washed up on the shore. |
Scientists have rediscovered a species of frog last seen more than 80 years ago. They relocated the small Hall’s water frog named after the American researcher Frank Gregory Hall
The journal Zootaxa
1. 讲座时间、地点、目的;
2. 讲座内容;
3. 简短评论。
注意:
1. 词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An Impressive Lecture
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7 . Margot doesn’t have a garbage can. It doesn’t need one because Margot simply doesn’t cause anything to get thrown away. The restaurant doesn’t allow any type of single use plastic. Margot, which opened last year, is one of the small but growing restaurants around the world aiming to avoid not only food leftovers, but also any garbage.
“Food waste has been increasing as an issue for restaurants over the last 10 years,” says Calvin Brown. He runs the Sustainable Restaurant Association. Based in the United Kingdom, the organization helps food business become more environmentally responsible. He says that food waste contributes to releasing the greenhouse gas, so there is strong motivation to reduce waste and help the environment.
In the USA, food waste and packing account for nearly half of the material sent to landfills. Restaurants from McDonald’s to Starbucks are addressing this issue with “no straw Mondays” and limits on single-serving plastic, but a handful of restaurateurs are trying to get rid of rubbish entirely. There’s also economic case to be made for waste reduction. One study shows that restaurants save seven dollars for every dollar invested in anti- waste methods.
Avoiding food waste is the first and perhaps most obvious challenge for sustainable restaurants. Doug McMaster, chef at Silo in London, only serves a set menu. This removes the worry that one particular item won’t sell well, and will spoil in the refrigerator. Compost (堆肥) is a necessity as well. Nolla (meaning “zero” in Finnish) in Helsinki, Finland is giving compost to its suppliers as well as its diners. Nolla also has food- tracking software more commonly used among corporate food service companies to keep track of what sells and what rots.
Sometimes restaurants call themselves environmentally friendly, but they might just be using the label. Calvin offers some pointers on what to look for to make sure a restaurant is truly committed to sustainability.
1. What does Margot feature?A.Its large size. | B.Its opening hours. |
C.Its zero-waste goal. | D.Its plastic garbage cans. |
A.Ways of packaging food. |
B.The issue of investing in services. |
C.The importance of environmental protection. |
D.Efforts of some restaurants to reduce rubbish, |
A.Only serve a set menu. |
B.Hardly use refrigerators. |
C.Supply compost to its customers. |
D.Keep track of diners’ preferences. |
A.Expand food business. |
B.Use eco-friendly labels. |
C.Save money on dealing with kitchen garbage. |
D.Contribute to sustainable development of the food industry. |
8 . The first time ever I realized that plastic was a serious matter for our planet was during a road trip in Western Australia, almost 12 years ago.
We
This was just one of the many experiences I’ve lived that made me more
Our trip to Borneo was another life-changing
Besides, we were also
Facing this global issue
A.stayed | B.visited | C.worked | D.stopped |
A.land | B.ocean | C.district | D.supermarket |
A.threw | B.picked | C.dropped | D.carried |
A.sure | B.proud | C.conscious | D.comfortable |
A.travel | B.deliver | C.remove | D.play |
A.adversity | B.campaign | C.experience | D.expedition |
A.free | B.cheap | C.valuable | D.safe |
A.failed | B.managed | C.hesitated | D.happened |
A.frequently | B.precisely | C.deeply | D.firmly |
A.action | B.project | C.discipline | D.protection |
A.dry up | B.give off | C.clean up | D.shave off |
A.washed | B.proved | C.rushed | D.injured |
A.on purpose | B.on behalf | C.in particular | D.in person |
A.confusion | B.determination | C.frustration | D.satisfaction |
A.make | B.have | C.achieve | D.find |
9 . A new form of real estate(不动产)is appearing along the beaches of South Africa and on the dry islands off its coast-tiny white beach huts. With good ventilation and a sea view, they are just big enough to fit a family of African penguins. Their unique selling point: a safe and cool place for penguins to breed.
African penguins, unlike their relatives that live in snow and ice, live well in the cold currents of the South Atlantic Ocean. But when they come to land, their thick black coat absorbs the heat, and they desperately look for cover-both for themselves and their fragile eggs.
Historically, the penguins dug burrows in layers of guano-accumulated seabird and bat feces- that lined Africa’s penguin colonies, but in the 19th century, traders started selling guano(鸟粪)as fertilizer, leaving the penguins and their eggs increasingly exposed to predators and the baking sun. This, combined with other threats such as egg poaching, overfishing and climate change, has caused African penguin populations to plummet. In 2019, they were thought to be less than 20,000 breeding pairs, down from an estimated 1.5 to 3 million birds in 1900.For more than a decade, the species has been listed as endangered by the IUCN.
To date, the African Penguin Nest Project has installed more than 1,500 nests across five of South Africa’s penguin colonies, and plans to expand into Namibia next year, the only other country with breeding populations of the species.
“This is still just a drop in the bucket,” says Graham, who anticipates they will need to deploy at least 4,500 more ceramic homes to protect penguins currently nesting in exposed areas. “The goal is that every penguin that needs a nest will get one.”
1. What is the reason for building the beach huts?A.To beautify the beach. | B.To conduct research. |
C.To house the penguins. | D.To balance the ecology. |
A.Four. | B.Five. | C.Six. | D.Seven. |
A.Innovate. | B.Increase. | C.Swing. | D.Decline. |
A.Culture. | B.Environment. | C.Technology. | D.Art. |
10 . The best and most-commonly used sources for the pills we have are oily fish like salmon(畦), mackerel and sardines. Many environmentalists fear that some species are being over fished for this purpose. We may have an endless voracity for fish oil, but we don't have an endless supply of fish.
Menhaden, which is described as “a big-headed, smelly, foot-long fish" , is in great danger. Although prized for dinner in the 18th century, the species has become the unknown victim of the fish oil business 9 which presents us with potential sea fish. Menhaden filter-feed almost entirely on algae (海藻)and is especially good at changing it into-3 fatty acids, which make them a good target for fish oil companies.
One particular company, Protein of Houston, has been fishing 90 percent of the country' s menhaden. It's become such a big problem that 13 of the 15 Atlantic states have banned the company * s boats from their waters. Yet the company is still allowed to fish in North Carolina and Virginia, as well as federal waters; the company * s efforts result in the removing of half a billion menhaden every year.
Aside from running out a public natural resource for a company,s private profit, the damage to the ecosystem is cause for alarm. The muddy brown color of the Long Island Sound is the direct result of lacking water nitration (过滤)一a job that was once done by menhaden.
Menhaden keep the ocean waters of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts clean. A menhaden filters four to six gallons of water of algae in a minute, which prevents underwater dead zones.
Measures should be taken to avoid the over fished situation. Plant seeds such as flax seed, chiaseeds, hemp seeds, and sesame seeds — and particularly their oils — are good vegetarian sources of omega-3 fatty acids, although the mix of specific acids is different from which one can get with fish.
1. Why does menhaden become a good fish for companies to make pills?A.It is good at forming-3 fatty acids. |
B.It feeds mainly on the harmful algae. |
C.It is well-known for its rich protein. |
D.It is relatively easy for companies to catch. |
A.trouble | B.shortage |
C.resource | D.appetite |
A.To grow more plants for their seeds to make oil. |
B.To use some substitutes instead of more fish oil. |
C.To call on the government to make laws in fishing. |
D.To take part in more activities to protect the environment. |
A.The broken natural ecosystem. | B.The process of making fish oil. |
C.Bad effects of fish oil making. | D.How to use natural resources. |