1 . The African penguin lives on St. Croix island off the east coast of South Africa. A new study has found that they are leaving their natural environment to escape noisy ship refueling (补给燃料) activities.

The African penguins once mainly raised babies on this island. But the population has dropped sharply since South Africa started permitting ships in the area to refuel at sea six years ago, the study found.

Lorien Pichegru is acting director of the Coastal and Marine Research Institute at Nelson Mandela University, which led the study. She said the organization had found that noise levels in the area had doubled since the refueling activities began. Scientists say high noise levels affect the ability of penguins to find and catch other animals for food. Noise also makes it more difficult for them to communicate with each other and map travel paths. ‌“This year we are at 1,200 breeding pairs at St Croix from 8,500 pairs in 2016,” Pichegru said.

The study recently appeared in the publication Science of the Total Environment. The researchers said the study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on a seabird.

Nelson Mandela University’s study collected some data to estimate underwater noise from passing ships. Oil-covered penguins were found in 2019 in Algoa Bay after an oil spill from ship-to-ship refueling. Environmental groups have called for the activities to be banned in the bay.

Pichegru said penguins in the area were already struggling to survive because of a series of issues, including industrial fishing activities. She added that the refueling activities did not kill all the penguins. However, ‌“It was just the thing that made the whole ecology tip over and then the penguins couldn’t cope with that,” she said.

1. What has the new study found about penguins?

A．They have difficulty in raising babies.	B．They can get used to noisy ships easily.
C．Their population is on the increase.	D．They are forced to leave the natural environment.

2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The value of Lorien Pichegru’s job.	B．The importance of ship refueling activities.
C．The ability of Penguins to find food.	D．Bad effects of noises on Penguins.

3. What might Pichegru agree with?

A．The penguins should be put in control.

B．Fishing activities should be greatly encouraged.

C．Refueling activities should be strictly managed.

D．The penguins should develop their survival abilities.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A diary.

B．A guidebook.

C．A textbook.

D．A magazine.

3 . 假定你是中学生李华，最近你通过媒体了解到在地球上，野生动物的数量正在不断减少，其中一些甚至濒临灭绝。请你就该问题写一篇英文报道，刊登在校报上，内容包括：
（1）现状；（2）分析原因；（3）发表个人看法。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

As we know, many wild animals die out every day.

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4 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Tourists have been warned not to take sand and seashells from beaches in Sardinia, an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea. More than 40 people,     1     took a combined 100 kilograms of sand and shells, have been fined up to £2,575 each. The law     2     (introduce) in 2017 to ban people from taking the items as souvenirs of their trips. Experts express     3     (they) worry that it could cause beaches to become smaller.

6 . Going green is good for business. Consumers are often willing to pay more for eco-friendly products than other comparable products on the market. But not all environmental claims are created equally. “Greenwashing” is a form of misinformation often used to entice a green consumer. Companies promising to be environmentally conscious sometimes fail to meet the promises they make to consumers.

For example, a large retailer might launch a new line of products, such as jeans, that uses less water and therefore theoretically has less of an environmental impact than the other clothes the company sells. But that same company might ignore water usage in the rest of their products lines or do nothing to address their other products that might be harming the environment.

Is it possible to avoid falling victim to greenwashing? Learning about greenwashing and how it works is the most effective way for consumers to avoid giving their money to companies making false claims, according to a recent study. The researchers found people who received information on greenwashing ahead of time were more likely to question whether what the company did in fact benefited the environment.

In the meantime, experts have tips for how consumers can spot potential greenwashing. “You see a lot of products that use words like ‘sustainable’, and ‘better for the planet’ with pictures that make it look like it’s green,” says Todd Larsen, the director of Green America, a nonprofit aimed at helping consumers identify greenwashing. He recommends looking for descriptions that outline specifically how a product is green.

Another tip he offers is to shop small. “When in doubt, go smaller,” says Larsen. “Rethink shopping habits. The most sustainable thing you can do as a consumer is wear the things you have more.”

1. What does the underlined word “entice” probably mean in paragraph 1?

A．Trick.

B．Inspire.

C．Restrict.

D．Protect.

2. What can we learn from the example in paragraph 2?

A．Using less water is a required standard of producing jeans.

B．Large retailers are more aware of environmental protection.

C．Companies with environmental consciousness run smoothly.

D．Businesses claiming to be sustainable may mislead consumers.

3. What can be inferred from the research findings?

A．Greenwashing is a new way to cheat people.

B．People are getting fed up with greenwashing.

C．Knowing about greenwashing helps identify the truth.

D．Consumers have the ability to distinguish false claims.

4. What does Todd Larsen suggest people do?

A．Develop sensible shopping habits.	B．Look for pictures which look green.
C．Buy more clothes green for the planet.	D．Provide specific descriptions of products.

7 . Around the globe far more bird species are losing ground than gaining, according to an expansive review of a half-century of bird population research published in the journal Annual Review of Environment and Resources in May.

The review, entitled The State of the World’s Birds, showed that more than 5,200 different species of birds-just shy of half the world’s total-are known or suspected to be declining. Around 3,800 species are relatively stable, and fewer than 700 species show increases. Among birds on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, almost 400 birds worldwide have had their conservation status changed for the worse in the past three decades (moving from vulnerable to threatened, or threatened to endangered) — five times more than the number of bird species with an IUCN status that has changed for the better.

“After documenting the loss of nearly 3 billion birds in North America alone (according to a 2019 study published in the journal Science), it was disturbing to see the same patterns of population declines and extinction occurring globally,” says review coauthor Ken Rosenberg, a conservation scientist now retired from the Cormell Lab of Omithology.

The review points to disappearing and degraded habitat-resulting from climate change, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and international trade-as the leading driver of bird declines worldwide. In a note of hope, the authors cite a 2020 study indicating that restoring just 5% of habitat in priority areas around the world could avert 60% of likely extinctions.

Lead author Alexander Lees, a research associate at the Cormell Lab, also points to the need for substantial changes in human behavior to prevent further losses. “Loss and degradation of habitat is often driven by demand for resources,” says Lees. “We need to better consider how commodity flows such as beef, oil, and seed crops can contribute to biodiversity loss and try to reduce the human footprint on the natural world.”

1. In what order are threatened species arranged on the IUCN’s Red List?

A．Species quantity.

B．Living habitat.

C．Declining rate.

D．Conservation status.

2. How does Ken Rosenberg feel when saying the words?

A．Hopeful.

B．Relieved.

C．Doubtful.

D．Concerned.

3. What does the underlined “avert” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Prevent.

B．Increase.

C．Cause.

D．Face.

4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．Extra reasons for bird extinction.	B．Possible solutions to habitat loss.
C．Substantial changes in human behavior.	D．The prospect of biodiversity loss.

8 . National Geographic Explorer Malaika Vaz knew from early on that she was destined for adventure. “I was someone who spent a lot of time outdoors,” Vaz says. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, scuba diving, and windsurfing.

“In my late teens,” Vaz says, “I began to feel like adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intent to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in.” She began to seek an outlet that would both satisfy her desire for adventure and allow her to support the protection of the species and ecosystems.

Vaz had an interest in the medium of film, and decided to pursue a career in wildlife filmmaking. Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, writer, and presenter.

After falling in love with mantas off the coast of her home, she discovered they were being hunted illegally and she dressed herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced traffickers back to many parts of the world to figure out why mantas were being killed. She shares the challenges of going undercover to produce Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.

The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, cover a wide range. And while she’s been asked to define her focus, she prefers variety, and argues that issues she pinpoints are more interrelated than they may appear.

Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories-she’s also on top of follow-through, ensuring the message is heard. Vaz and her team work with scientists and policy makers to amplify the message of the films they work on.

From Vaz’s perspective, real improvement in the way the planet is cared for lies in the capable hands of many from various backgrounds. “The truth is that we don’t need ten really passionate, committed environmentalists. We need one hundred or one million people who can do a little bit in that field and change things within their ability.”

1. Which of the following helped Vaz combine adventure with nature protection?

A．Wildlife film-making.	B．Free lifestyle.
C．Childhood experience.	D．Outdoor activities.

2. What does the film Peng Yu Sai mention?

A．Vaz’s home on the coast.	B．Vaz’s experience of mountain climbing.
C．The history of Green Oscar.	D．The illegal hunting of mantas.

3. What really matters in protecting our planet according to Vaz?

A．The backgrounds of policy makers.	B．The influence of films.
C．The guidance from environmentalists.	D．The combined efforts of people.

4. Which of the following best describes Vaz?

A．Enthusiastic but careless.	B．Adventurous and insightful.
C．Knowledgeable but proud.	D．Humorous and patient.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has made    1    (determine) efforts to strengthen envíronmental protection over the past 50 years, an officer of Ecology and Environment said on 29 April.

The officer made the remarks while addressing a video conference,    2    is a part of the Stockholm+50 international meeting in early June in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Stockholm Declaration.

China has put environmental protection high    3    the agenda since 1972 and made notable progress in resources conservation, sustainable development and international governance.

China is a world leader in using renewable energy resources, with installed capacity of hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic (光伏) power and other non-fossil energy    4    (reach) 1.1 billion kilowatts. It is also one of the fastest    5    (country) worldwide to reduce energy consumption intensity.

He also underlined continuous improvements in China's ecological environment. In 2021,    6    average concentration of PM 2.5 in cities decreased by 34.8 percent from 2015, while the surface water with good quality and forest coverage rate reached 84.9 percent and 23.04 percent    7    (respective), the officer said.

So far, China    8    (revise) dozens of reform plans related to ecological and environmental protection and revised over 30 laws and regulations. It has also promoted the international environmental agreements    9    (put) into effect, and proposed carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, and assisted developing countries in green    10    (grow).