1 . Hello. I’m Jan from Mrs. Lake’s class. My class wants to work together to help the public. We think we have found a great way to do this. Last month we did a class project on the highways near our town. We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program brings people together to pick up litter along the roads. We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the program and adopt a highway.
Adopting a highway is not like adopting a pet. When a highway is adopted, only part of the highway is cared for by a group of people. The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of the highway clean. Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it. The sign is put up at the side of the road. This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the road clean.
The Adopt-a-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer. Also, the government does not have to send out as many road workers. This saves money. Finally, people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people, especially teenagers like us, cleaning them up.
We will need helpers to care for our adopted highway. If you want to feel great and keep our roads clean，please come with your parents to the meeting next week. We will meet in Mrs. Lake’ room on Wednesday at 6:00 P.M. At the meeting, we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a result of people's unkind acts. Then we' ll try to pick an area to adopt and clean.
I look forward to seeing you at the meeting. Remember to keep our roads clean!
1. What is the purpose of this speech?

A．To introduce the traffic system.

B．To tell a story about adopting a pet.

C．To show drivers how to drive safely.

D．To encourage students to join the program.

2. What is the Adopt-a-Highway Program about?

A．Giving names to the highways.

B．Picking up litter along the roads.

C．Drawing pictures of highways.

D．Putting up signs near the roads.

3. What should the students do first if they want to join the program?

A．Go to a meeting on Wednesday.

B．Pick a spot to care for.

C．Write a letter to their parents.

D．Call Mrs. Lake next week.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A．Adopt-a-Pet	B．Ways to Protect the Environment
C．Adopt-a-Highway	D．Volunteers on Roads

2 . Help Hermit Crabs

Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems? There are not enough shells to go around!

One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.

Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong—at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.

These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.

The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.

1. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?

A．In different old seashells.

B．Behind the waste they’ll eat.

C．In their own thin outer shells.

D．Under the stones at the seashore.

2. What does the underlined word “fake” in Para. 3 mean?

A．man-made

B．perfect

C．hard

D．comfortable

3. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The Project Shelter Group.

B．The shortage of the seashell.

C．New homes for hermit crabs.

D．The recyclers of the nature.

3 . Beijing is introducing mandatory(强制性的)garbage sorting rules in public spaces such as "schools, hospitals, business office buildings, and tourist sites." The mandatory garbage sorting rules would gradually cover the entire city said Beijing Deputy Mayor Zhang Jiaming. By the end of 2019, 60 percent of the city will have garbage sorting areas. Residential areas will have garbage bins equipped with scales and waste identification devices.“We will set up a mechanism that garbage trucks can refuse to transfer trash if it is not classified,” Zhang said. （找出中心句）

4 . To help the environment, many Americans have made the change from paper and plastic bags to reusable grocery bags. But a report by a Florida newspaper says that reusable grocery bags sold by some supermarkets contain high levels of lead(铅). Lead is a metal that can be harmful to humans, especially young children, Now, Senator Charles Schumer is asking the US government to investigate(调查) the use of lead in reusable shopping bags.
“When our families go to the grocery store looking for safe and healthy foods to feed their kids, the last thing they should have to worry about is poisonous bags.” Schumer said, “A quick investigation will allow everyone to make informed, timely decisions.”   Schumer added.
Lead in the bags is not likely to rub off (因摩擦而粘在……上面)on food. But over time, paint on the bags can chip and the bags can wear out. When this happens, lead can be released(释放).
The Tampa Tribune newspaper said certain bags sold at Publix and Winn-Dixie supermarkets had lead levels that were a concern to health officials. The affected bags were found in Florida. But Publix has more than 1,000 stores in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Sough Carolina and Tennessee. Publix says that all of its bags are under current laws about lead content, but that they have asked the makers of the bags to reduce the lead levels in the product.
The bags with the highest levels of lead had fancy designs and many pictures. Plain reusable bags without decoration were found to contain little lead. Consumers worried about lead levels in reusable bags can change to cloth or string bags. Paper bags are also a good choice, since paper can be recycled(回收).
Since 2007, Publix supermarkets have sold more than 13 million reusable bags. The store says because shoppers have made the change to reusable bags, it has saved more than 1 billion paper and plastics bags.
1. The shopping bags containing high levels of lead ______.

A．have been reported by a newspaper

B．have been stopped by the government

C．have stopped people from using reusable bags

D．have caused serious health damage to customers

2. From Schumer’s words we can learn that ______.

A．reusable bags do little harm to kids’ health

B．people have shown much concern for the reusable bags

C．people will be informed of the facts about the reusable bags

D．people should refuse to buy things from supermarkets

3. It can be inferred from the text that Publix might believe that the bags they sold are ______.

A．dependable

B．convenient

C．harmful

D．popular

4. Customers are advised to choose bags ______.

A．with colorful designs	B．with fancy pictures
C．made of plastic	D．made of paper

5. From the last paragraph we know that the use of reusable bags has ______.

A．caused Publix a lot of trouble	B．saved Publix much money
C．cost Publix plenty of money	D．been proved a wrong decision

5 . Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards across the country.

The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989. There are now 300,000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world's largest youth environmental organization.

Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a "Children's Forest" project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.

Since the organization started, Kids F.A.C.E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid's Yards – the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地) and now Kids F.A.C.E. is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping.

"Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment. Club members started doing things like recycling, picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club."

"We try to tell kids that it's not OK to be lazy," she explains. "You need to start being a responsible, environmentally friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking adult."

1. Kids F.A.C.E is _____.

A．a program to help students with writing

B．a project of litter recycling

C．a campaign launched by President Bush

D．a club of environmental protection

2. What can we learn about Poe?

A．She was awarded a prize in Brazil.

B．She donated billboard across the country.

C．She got positive responses for her efforts

D．She joined the National Park Service.

3. Kid’s Yards is _____.

A．established in a national park.

B．started to protect wildlife

C．a wildlife- raising project

D．an entertainment park for kids.

4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

A．Adults are resource-sucking people

B．Poe sought help from a youth organization

C．Kids F.A.C.E members are from the U.S.

D．Kids are urged to save natural resources.

6 . Have you ever stayed in a hotel？Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable（一次性的）toothbrushes，toothpaste，shampoo and slippers.Many guests like the idea because they don't have to bring their own.But，if you travel to Beijing，remember to bring your own things.Starting from June，some hotels in Beijing will no longer provide guests with these disposables.They want to ask people to use less disposable things.

Many disposable things are made of plastic.People throw them away after only using them once.It is a waste of natural resources（资源）and is very bad for the environment.Do you know，one Chinese person makes as much as 400kg of waste a year！Most of that waste comes from disposable things.In Beijing，people throw away about 19，000 tons of plastic bags and 1，320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year！Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down.So theless plastic we throw out，the better.So，wherever you travel，bring your own things and use them again and again.

Back at home and school，you can also do something to make our world a better place.Try to do these things in your daily life:Use cloth shopping bags，not plastic ones.After using a plastic bag，wash it out and let it dry.Then you can use it over and over again.Do not use paper cups.At your school canteen（食堂），use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.

1. Why do many hotels provide guests with some disposable things？

A．Let their guests be convenient during their travelling.

B．Hope their guests use less disposable things.

C．Wish their guests to save money.

D．Want their guests to use more disposable things.

2. Some Beijing hotels will no longer provide guests with_____.

A．cheap food and drink	B．disposable things
C．good service	D．free TV programmes

3. Which of the following is NOT true？

A．Many disposable things are made of plastic.

B．Throwing disposable things away is a waste of natural resources.

C．Plastic is very bad for the environment.

D．Plastic breaks down easily.

4. What can we do to make our world a better place at home and school？

A．Use shopping bags made of plastic.

B．Do not throw away paper cups.

C．Use disposable plates，bowls and chopsticks.

D．Do not forget to reuse daily necessities（日用品）.

5. We can tell from the story that_____.

A．people don't like disposable things at all

B．we can't use paper or plastic bowls at school

C．we should use less plastic things and protect our environment

D．hotels won't provide disposable things because they want to save money

7 . The energy crisis (危机) has made people aware of how the careless use of the earth’s energy has brought the whole world to the edge of disaster. The over – development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more traveling, has contributed to the near – destruction of our cities and the pollution not only of local air but also of the earth’s atmosphere.
Our present situation is unlike natural disasters of the past. Worldwide energy use has brought us to a state where long – range planning is vital. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children, and our earth, but a movement forward in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.
This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation (揭露) that lawbreaking has reached into the highest place in the land. There is a strong demand for morality to turn for the better and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own benefits that people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.
This is the first time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other people of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to employ new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.
To grasp it, we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis we and the world are facing is no passing inconvenience, no byproduct of the ambitions of the oil – producing countries, no environmentalists’ only fears, no byproduct of any present system of government. What we face is the result of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the world’s children and future generation.
1. Which of the following has nearly destroyed our cities?

A．The loss of beliefs and ideas.	B．More of law – breaking.
C．Natural disasters in many areas.	D．The rapid growth of motors.

2. By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws our attention to the             .

A．seriousness of this crisis	B．ineffectiveness of laws
C．similarity of the past to the present	D．hopelessness of the situation

3. Which of the following is used as an example to show the loss of morality?

A．Disregard for law.	B．Lack of devotion.
C．Lack of understanding.	D．Destruction of cities.

4. The author wrote the passage in order to               .

A．make a recommendation for a transformed life style

B．limit ambitions of the people of the whole world

C．demand devotion to nature and future generation

D．encourage awareness of the decline of morality

8 . The huge Florida wetland known as the Everglades is a slow-moving river 80 kilometres wide but only a few centimeters deep. People call the Everglades a “river of grass” because sawgrass covers most of it. Sawgrass is not really grass. It is a plant that has leaves edged with tiny sharp teeth that can easily cut through clothes—and skin!
Travel in the Everglades is difficult. You cannot walk through shallow water because the sawgrass will cut you. The water is too shallow for regular boats. So, we use an airboat. An airboat is a flat, open boat. Like an airplane, it has a big propeller to move it. The propeller is fixed on the rear of the boat. It makes a tremendous noise, but it does the job. The boat skims along the water’s surface. Although we can still get lost in an airboat, at least we are above the alligators(短吻鳄).
While hundreds of different kinds of animals live in the Everglades, the most famous is surely the alligator. Once endangered, alligators are now protected within Everglades National Park. Visitors are likely to see them both on land and in water.
For a long time, dangers have threatened the Everglades. Around 1900, some people felt this precious wetland should be drained (排干). They said it was just a big swamp and not good for anything. In the 1920s, there was a land boom in Florida. People wanted to build homes everywhere, including in the Everglades. They built canals, levees (防洪堤), and other water systems that stopped the rivers flowing into the Everglades. Factories were built near rivers that flowed into the wetland. These factories dumped poisonous waste that damaged the Everglades ecosystem.
People are now working to preserve the Everglades National Park for the future. Right now, one big problem is the paperbark tree. This tree is an invader from Australia.
Paperbark trees soak up a lot of water. In the early 1900s, people brought them to Florida because they thought they would help drain the Everglades. However, the invaders adapted too well. Paperbark trees have taken over hundreds of thousands of acres of the Everglades and killed other trees. Scientists are cutting down these invaders or spraying them with herbicides (除草剂) to kill them.
1. Which helps to explain why it is difficult to travel in Everglades?

A．Airboats may make a very big noise.

B．You may get lost when passing through.

C．Paperbark trees soak up too much water there.

D．Many different kinds of animals are to be protected.

2. Why do people use airboats instead of normal boats?

A．They have big propellers to move them faster than alligators.

B．The propeller makes loud noise so as to scare alligators.

C．Their flat bottom can skim along the water surface.

D．They can watch alligators without hurting them.

3. The following measures were taken to drain the Everglades except that people______.

A．built canals and levees to stop the rivers flowing into Everglades

B．built factories near rivers that flowed into the wetland

C．brought Paperbark to soak up water in Everglades

D．are cutting down these Paperbark trees

4. The underlined word "invader" probably means something______.

A．that moves in from another place

B．that enters and takes control

C．that has been brought in

D．that is in danger

9 .    

How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated _______ it does not become a danger to life. _______, in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get_______ The water may become so polluted that it _______ all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the _______, it pollutes the ocean.

In many countries with _______, human waste is piped directly into the sea without being dealt with. This is not _______. Although the sea itself can break up the waste, beaches_______become polluted. _______ scientists suggest people take the waste far out to sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down.

In 1989 an international law was passed to ________ people putting waste into the sea. It is now against the ________ to put anything into the sea nearby. Such rubbish as plastics may not be thrown________the sea anywhere. Other waste may be put into the sea, either 19 or more than 40 kilometers from land, ________ the nature of the materials.

The ________ of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been ________ to protect the world and control pollution.

1.

A．as if

B．so that

C．ever since

D．now that

2.

A．Luckily

B．Happily

C．Unfortunately

D．Hopefully

3.

A．sick

B．hope

C．rich

D．fun

4.

A．raises

B．feeds

C．kills

D．breaks

5.

A．pool

B．lake

C．spring

D．sea

6.

A．grassland

B．plains

C．sea coasts

D．deserts

7.

A．safe

B．useful

C．dirty

D．wrong

8.

A．need

B．may

C．can’t

D．needn’t

9.

A．So

B．Because

C．Since

D．But

10.

A．stop

B．suggest

C．keep

D．find

11.

A．school

B．organization

C．factory

D．law

12.

A．out of

B．away from

C．into

D．above

13.

A．depending on

B．feeding on

C．leading to

D．connecting to

14.

A．news

B．method

C．problem

D．disadvantage

15.

A．punished

B．set up

C．refused

D．called at

10 . E

City officials are hoping to use the power of dog droppings. San Franciscans already recycle more than 60% of their dogs’ droppings, but in this dog-friendly town, such wastes make up nearly 4% of residential waste, or 6,500 tons a year.

Within the next few months, Norcal Waste, a company that collects San Francisco’s wastes, will begin a trial program under which it uses biodegradable (生物分解的) bags and dog-waste carts to pick up droppings at a popular dog park.

The droppings will be thrown into a machine called a methane digester (沼气处理机), which is basically a tank in which bacteria feed on droppings for weeks to create methane gas.

The methane could then be piped directly to a gas stove, a steam heater, an air turbine or anything else powered by natural gas. It can also be used to produce electricity.

Someone doubts whether this plan is practical. But Norcal Waste spokesman, Robert Reed points to San Francisco’s creative food composting (混合肥料) program, which began 10 years ago. It is a proof that an unusual idea can work in this forward-thinking city. Norcal Waste collects 300 tons of food left over after meals per day from homes and restaurants and changes it into a rich fertilizer sold to grape farms and organic farms.

Methane digesters are nothing new. The technology was introduced in Europe about 20 years ago, and more than 600 farm-based digesters are in operation there. Nine are in use on California cow farms, and chicken and pig farms elsewhere in the United States also use them.

“The main obstacle is probably getting communities around the country the courage to collect dog droppings, to give value to something we’d rather not talk about,” Brinton, a recycling and composting consultant, said. “San Francisco is probably the king of pet cities. This could be an advantage of it, which is very important.”

Some other experts believe energy production from dog droppings must become more attractive economically before it gets popular. Landfill space is relatively cheap, and natural gas and electricity also remain fairly inexpensive. However, Reed said confidently, “Now, the city authorities asked us to look at dog waste specifically.”

1. How many dogs’ droppings can be recycled at present per year in San Francisco?

A．About 6,500 tons.	B．About 169,000 tons.
C．About 260 tons.	D．About 3,900 tons.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A．there are many pets that are treated well in San Francisco

B．Norcal Waste is a company of refuse (垃圾) treatment, which collects dog wastes only

C．most of the farms in Europe use Methane digesters

D．Brinton doesn’t feel optimistic about the collection of dog droppings in San Francisco

3. The underlined word “obstacle” in Paragraph 7 most probably means ________.

A．interest

B．effect

C．difficulty

D．purpose

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．San Francisco is a city full of innovation.

B．Dog droppings can be changed into methane gas in several days.

C．It is the first time to utilize animal waste in San Francisco.

D．Utilizing dog droppings presently is more economical than the landfill.

5. Which the following can be the best title of this passage?

A．Animal wastes collection by Norcal Waste

B．Changing dog droppings into energy

C．Methane digester technology in San Francisco

D．A dog droppings composting program