1 . Small and round transparent water bottles filled with natural water could help provide a solution to London's plastic waste problem, according to Skipping Rocks Lab, the company in the British capital that produces them. They added that the balls have been made of plant and seaweed extracts and will decompose（分解）after four to six weeks if not consumed.

With many cities struggling to get rid of vast numbers of used plastic water bottles, the ‘Ooho’ has begun to meet the thirst of consumers in San Francisco and London. A report published last Thursday said more than 4,000 plastic bottles had been removed from the River Thames in a month last year, proving the scale of the waste problem.

"We think Ooho may not be the solution for all the applications that plastic bottles have, but definitely for short term consumption it could be a solution," said Rodrigo, the founder of Skipping Rocks Lab. In a trial near London Bridge last Wednesday, Ooho drew a mixture of surprise, amusement and delight among those who sampled them. London's city assembly said Ooho was a step forward. "It could be part of the solution but not the only solution. You also need to be able to refill bottles at railway stations for example," said Leonie Cooper, the Chair of the assembly's environment committee.

The company aims to target, among other consumers, marathon runners, who will be able to eat the Oohos mid-race without concerns about the environment. It is also considering sealing alcohol for a whole new market. "People see these small round bubbles and they just think ‘shots’. So that's definitely something we're looking at," said Skipping Rocks Lab Chief Operating Officer Lise. "We have sealed alcohol, we want to perfect it, and hopefully this will be the great change of the future."

1. ‘Ooho’ can help solve the plastic waste problem because ________.

A．it is small and transparent	B．it is filled with natural water
C．it is made of plant and seaweed	D．it can disappear some time later

2. How is Rodrigo's comment on ‘Ooho’?

A．Subjective.	B．Unreal.
C．Objective.	D．Ridiculous.

3. In which column can we find the text?

A．Technology and Invention.	B．Health and Medicine.
C．Industry and Economy.	D．Tourism and Development.

2 . “Leave a place better than you found it.” It is a _______ philosophy, but one that William Lindesay _______ dear. On April 22, which was also Earth Day, he led twenty _________ to help clean up the Jiankou section of the Great Wall.

“He who _________ is the owner,” William said in the _________ remarks of the cleanup event in 2000. “The Great Wall _________ China, and is also one of the greatest _________ in the world. Everyone has a _________ to protect it. Every day should be Earth Day,” he said.

During the past three decades, he has spent most of his time _________ and exploring the Great Wall and has developed his own __________ to protect the cultural relic.

“It’s a __________ thing that people are going out to enjoy themselves and to __________ the great history and heritage, __________ it’s also quite dangerous if they don’t __________ how fragile (易损坏的) the historical sites are and how fragile the __________ is,” William said.

In 1989, his first __________ Alone on the Great Wall was published, and he has published another five books about the Great Wall since then. In 2001, he __________ International Friends of the Great Wall, a (n) ________ whose efforts are aimed at protecting this __________ to the past.

His next step is to organize exhibitions about the Great Wall as a __________ over the last 400 years. The exhibitions are expected to be held in Beijing, London, Paris and Washington DC.

1.

A．simple

B．traditional

C．historical

D．political

2.

A．pays

B．holds

C．shares

D．questions

3.

A．philosophers

B．writers

C．owners

D．volunteers

4.

A．climbs

B．knows

C．cares

D．admits

5.

A．funny

B．careless

C．closing

D．opening

6.

A．adds to

B．points to

C．belongs to

D．refers to

7.

A．continents

B．structures

C．decorations

D．sculptures

8.

A．duty

B．choice

C．place

D．view

9.

A．walking

B．building

C．designing

D．updating

10.

A．abilities

B．efforts

C．relationships

D．tastes

11.

A．bad

B．small

C．good

D．curious

12.

A．declare

B．analyse

C．affect

D．discover

13.

A．so

B．and

C．or

D．but

14.

A．ask

B．include

C．realize

D．check

15.

A．condition

B．environment

C．situation

D．equipment

16.

A．magazine

B．paper

C．article

D．book

17.

A．founded

B．became

C．introduced

D．owned

18.

A．advertisement

B．association

C．movement

D．corporation

19.

A．contribution

B．reference

C．link

D．devotion

20.

A．monument

B．tool

C．cure

D．target

3 . 现在全社会都在倡导低碳生活，呵护地球家园。而每年的元宵节，你所在的城市都要举行一场20分钟的焰火晚会。据报道：一场这样的焰火晚会耗资大约150万元。市民为此议论纷纷。请你以“Is it Wise to Celebrate the Lantern Festival with Fireworks？”为题写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对此的看法。
要求：1.不要逐字翻译所给素材；
2．为了使行文流畅，可适当发挥；
3．词数120左右。
Is it Wise to Celebrate the Lantern Festival with Fireworks?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

4 . You may not be very familiar with “ecotourism”.     1    But in an age of growing environmental awareness, it is not too difficult for us to imagine and understand this new form of holiday.

Ecotourism which is considered as a kind of responsible tourism, is typically defined as travel to places where special and unusual plants, animals and cultural heritages(遗产)are the main attractions,     2    Therefore, programs concerning the protection of some natural and cultural sots also form a part of ecotourism.

Ecotourism is developing at a great speed, according to a recent report by the World Tourism Organization. Ecotourism in recent years has enjoyed an annual growth of about 5% world wide.     3    They include bird watching, hiking, diving, photography and taking part in various kinds of local cultural events.

    4    However, it looks like some smaller towns and country areas may well become the new destinations for people to visit tomorrow because they are rich in ecological, cultural and historical resources.

Ecotourism has been gaining increasing recognition and popularity mainly for the relaxing, natural and vivid experience it offers to tourists. People are attracted to nature and long to be close to it. However, conflict between nature and human being is unavoidable.    5    

A．The definition of ecotourism is beyond words

B．It takes ecology and culture into consideration

C．It is a new term in today’s tourism industry

D．More than 80 activities have been listed for ecotourism

E．People can have great fun enjoying nature through ecotourism

F．Big cities are still the major places that attract tourists in our society today

G．How to protect natural resources while taking advantage is of great importance

5 . For years, scientist and others concerned about climate change have been talking about the need for carbon capture and storage(CCS).

That is the term for removing carbon dioxide from, say, a coal-burning power plant’s smokestack and pumping it deep underground to keep it out of the atmosphere, where it would otherwise contribute to global warming.

However, currently, only one power plant in Canada captures and stores carbon on a commercial scale (and it has been having problems). Among the concerns about storage is that carbon dioxide in gaseous or liquid form that is pumped underground might escape back to the atmosphere. So storage sites would have to be monitored, potentially for decades or centuries.

But scientists at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University and other institutions have come up with a different way to store CO₂ reacts with the rock to form a mineral call calcite(方解石). By turning the gas into stone, scientists can lock it away permanently. Volcanic rocks called basalts(玄武岩) are excellent for his process, because they are rich in calcium, magnesium and iron, which react with CO₂.

The project called CarbFix started in Iceland, 2012, when the scientists pumped about 250 tons of carbon dioxide, mixed with water, about 1,500 feet down into porous basalt. Early sings were encouraging: The scientists found that about 95 percent of the carbon dioxide was changed into calcite. And even more importantly, they wrote, the change happened relatively quickly—in less than two years.

“It’s beyond all our expectations,” said Edda Aradottir, who manages the project. Rapid change of the CO₂ means that a project would probably have to be monitored for a far shorter time than a more conventional storage site.

There are still concerns about whether the technology will prove useful in the fight against global warming. For one thing, it would have to be scaled up enormously. For another, a lot of water is needed—25 tons of it for every ton of CO₂—along with the right kind of rock.

But the researchers say that there is enough porous basaltic rock in Iceland, including in the ocean floors and along the margins of continents. And sitting a storage project in or near the ocean could potentially solve the water problem at the same time, as the researchers say seawater would work just fine.

1. What can we learn about CCS in Paragraphs 2 and 3?

A．Scientists believe global warming will be avoided if CO2 is pumped underground.

B．It’s been a common practice in many plants to capture and store CO2 underground.

C．There is no guarantee that CO2 will not escape even if pumped underground.

D．It requires decades to turn CO2 into liquid form and be locked underground.

2. What materials should be involved in the project CarbFix?

A．Water, CO2, soda water and basalts

B．Water, soda water, a pump and calcite

C．CO2, basalts, a pump and calcite

D．Water, CO2, a pump and basalts

3. According to Edda Aradottir, the result of the project was beyond the researchers’ expectations, because ________.

A．it’s disappointing to discover new problems caused by rapid change

B．it’s amazing to see 95% of the carbon dioxide turn into calcite that fast

C．it’s puzzling to find the encouraging but unexpected result of the project

D．it’s exciting to sense the problem of storing CO2 likely to be solved

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A．To inform us of a breakthrough in storing CO2.

B．To praise the efforts of scientists in storing CO2.

C．To show the different ways to fight against CO2.

D．To urge people to produce the least possible CO2.

6 . 假定你是李华，从网上得知世界野生生物基金会（WWF）正在为Global Conservation项目招募高中生志愿者。活动的主要内容是，各国志愿者用英语介绍本国的野生动植物保护情况。请写一封电子邮件申请参加。联系人：Thomas Lee。邮件内容需包含：
1.自我介绍（包括国籍、性格、英语能力）；
2.简要介绍中国野生动植物保护（如熊猫、麋鹿、华南虎）的现状及保护措施。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好。

Dear Mr. Lee,

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

7 . A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer（驯鹿）there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent. The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.

In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.

Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃, grasslands have become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive（孕育）more calves.

However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.

Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen , said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio（表面积与体积比）, they are no particularly energy efficient.

Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers（鹿角）, but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food. “The implication（含义）are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,”said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.

1. Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?

A．Heavy snow.

B．Greater rainfall.

C．Hard ice.

D．Global warming.

2. According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to_________.

A．grass growing more rapidly in summer

B．more rainfall in the arctic area in winter

C．female reindeer’s gaining more weight in winter

D．female reindeer’s suffering from hunger in winter

3. What does the underlined word“gloomy”in the last paragraph mean?

A．Exciting.

B．Optimistic.

C．Disappointing.

D．Doubtful.

4. How does the writer develop the passage?

A．By analyzing the research.

B．By classification of reindeer.

C．By comparing opinions of experts.

D．By telling stories of different species.

8 . Coffee drink is widespread. When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they’re usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.

Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the shade of taller trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.

Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases the local wildlife habitat, because native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.

Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides（杀虫剂）are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, and then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.

Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade-grown" and "bird-friendly".

Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it’s worth it.

1. Which opinion does the author agree with?

A．People should buy full-sun coffee.

B．Shade-grown coffee should be supported.

C．Farmers should change the places to grow coffee.

D．Pesticides should be forbidden in coffee planting.

2. Compared with the traditional method, what advantage does the full-sun method have?

A．It can protect the ecosystem.

B．It can promote people's health.

C．It can provide mare nests for birds.

D．It can increase the production of coffee.

3. How do farmers get more land to grow full-sun coffee?

A．They cut down trees.

B．They move to other countries.

C．They turn grassland into farmland.

D．They buy more land from other farmers.

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．It is quite worthwhile to buy shade-grown coffee at any cost.

B．Farmers all have realized the importance of protecting the environment now.

C．South American farmers are taking action to plant coffee in the traditional way.

D．The full-sun method does good to the health of human beings in the long run.

9 . 全世界的环境问题变得越来越严重。例如汽车污染的空气影响了人们的呼吸，工厂释放污染的气体，山上的树木被砍伐，污水不断被排入河里。另外，无论我们走到哪里，到处可见随意丢弃的垃圾。请根据以上事实写一篇以保护环境为主题的文章，我们要采取以下措施来保护我们共有的家园。

1. 污染正威胁我们的生存。

2. 地球是我们的家园，我们有责任为我们自己和我们的后代去照顾好它

3. 政府已采取更多的措施去解决这些问题，法律已被通过去制止污染。

4. 坚信我们的家园会变得越来越好。

注意：1.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

2.词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数

                                                                                                           Protecting the Environment

Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

10 . Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases, it is the term used for environmental    1    (friend). If you’ve been expecting to replace your furniture, consider     2    (go) green because green furniture offers many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.

First, green furniture isn’t harmful    3    your health. Also its making process doesn’t cause damage to the environment in any way. Besides, by using eco-friendly     4    (product), you prevent global warming to some degree in your own way.

The materials    5    are used in furniture are what make them green. Materials can be good for the environment     6     because they are renewable resources or they are all     7    (nature). A lack of chemicals in furniture also    8    (mean) it is a better choice for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be    9    green product, but they really can be depending on what they     10    (make)of.

Therefore, when you want to hunt for the perfect green furniture, you should choose the green materials.