增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, hopes to stop using fossil fuel (化石能源) completely by 2040. Now the city wants larger lorries what cause more pollution to use bio-fuel, which are produced from waste. Stockholm is also working with Fortum, an energy company, to take advantage a city-wide heating system, use waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat for homes. However, the city is trying to change people behavior, step by step. On one newly built estate (庄园), people are providing with tablets that show its real-time energy usage. This is to help them good understand how they use and waste gas, water and electricity.
2 . WASHINGTON, Nov. 25 (Xinhua) -- Air pollution is a major risk factor for heart disease, and women with diabetes (糖尿病) may be more likely to be influenced by its effects than others, a long-term U.S. study said Wednesday.
The study, published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, found that women with diabetes who are exposed (暴露) to air pollution for long periods may have a much higher risk for heart disease.
“We didn’t expect diabetes to be the strongest factor in determining susceptibility (敏感性),” said the lead author Jaime Hart, an epidemiologist at the Boston-based Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health.
“We looked at age, family history of heart disease, weight, smoking status and areas of the country but diabetes was the most consistent across diseases and across different size fractions of particulate matter (PM),” Hart said.
The research team explored data from more than 100,000 participants in a long-term study called the Nurses’ Health Study, looking at rates of heart disease, specifically rates of stroke.
They assessed long-term exposure to three different sizes of particulate matter air pollution from 1989 to 2006: Fine particulate pollutant smaller than 2.5 thousandths of a millimeter in diameter (PM2.5), PM10 and PM2.5-10. PM10 includes both PM2.5 and PM2.5-10.
While all women had small increases in risk of heart events with more air pollution exposure, the increased risk was statistically significant for women with diabetes.
According to the team, an increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air pollution in PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM 10 will raise a woman’s risk of heart disease by 44 percent, 17 percent and 19 percent, separately, if she had type 2 diabetes.
The team found that these effects were greater among women 70 and older and obese women.
Since the study participants were mostly white women of middle- and upper-socioeconomic status, further research will be needed to determine if these patterns are also seen in men and in racially and socioeconomically diverse populations, they added.
1. According to the study, women with diabetes may be more likely to be affected by_______.| A．a risk factor | B．air pollution | C．heart disease | D．areas |
| A．Age. | B．Weight. | C．Height. | D．Smoking status. |
| A．It is not necessary to do further research on men. |
| B．Air pollution puts women with diabetes at higher heart risk. |
| C．Most participants were women who were over 70 years old. |
| D．The increase of PM per cubic meter has no effect on women’s health. |
| A．Travel | B．Technology | C．Health | D．Fashion |
3 . Last night's meteor (流星) shower left many people in Emerald Valley dissatisfied. They gathered in the suburbs of the city with heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. However, what they found was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.
“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”
Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for many years. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.
Besides professional and amateur (业余的) star observers, there is yet a population that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, and snakes etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的)birds. According to the International DarkSky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers. ”
Countless animals injuries and deaths result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful to humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase people's chances of getting cancer.
Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona has enforced lighting rules in its city in order to help astronomers with their observations. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.
1. It happened last night that ________．| A．the city's lights affected the meteor watching |
| B．the meteors flew past before being noticed |
| C．the city’s lights show attracted many people |
| D．the meteor watching ended in a social outing |
| A．birds may take other migration paths |
| B．animals' living habits may change suddenly |
| C．varieties of animals will become sharply reduced |
| D．animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting |
| A．reduce the chance of getting cancer |
| B．create an ideal observation condition |
| C．ensure people a good sleep at night |
| D．enable all creatures to live in harmony |
| A．Saving wildlife is saving ourselves. |
| B．Great efforts should be made to save energy. |
| C．Human activities should be environmentally friendly. |
| D．New equipment should be introduced for space study. |
4 . On a cold January morning in 2017, four-year-old Eli stands on the bank of Douglas River, hugging a dead salmon(鲑鱼) against his thick red coat. He looks up at his father, Andrew, who nods encouragingly. “Go ahead,” he says. “Put it in.” The young boy drags his feet forward and holds the fish as far as he can into the shallow water. “It’s floating!” Eli yells, delighted. For a moment, it’s almost as if the handsome salmon could come back to life.
Eli’s salmon is just one of 100 or so death bodies that will land in Douglas River in a half-hour activity this morning, deposited by dozens of volunteers. None of the salmon will rise from the dead, but Darrell Wick, president of the Douglas Society, who has promoted this gathering, is in the resurrection(复活) business.
Wick also leads the group’s campaign to recover this urban waterway’s salmon population. “The Douglas Society started looking into the possibility of recovering the salmon in the river in the mid-1990s, and part of a thought in that Lime focused on river recovery in cities worldwide. Back then, the prospects (前景) looked future lefts from the result.
Wick and his group are devoted to giving the river a full make-over. This monumental repair job, supported by approximately $95,000 of funding from the Pacific Salmon Foundation over the past 15 years, has involved recovering the river-habitat of salmon and preventing it from wearing away. Work on the river’s final section was completed in July 2017.
What’s the best title for the passage?
| A．Work on Douglas River has ended. |
| B．Wick’s campaign against pollution. |
| C．Saving a River to save the salmon. |
| D．An unforgettable story of the salmon. |
1. 限号带来的好处；
2. 限号存在的问题；
3. 你的看法及改进建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
6 . Encouraging life to bloom(兴旺) in the middle of a desert is no easy task. But one company in the United Arab Emirates has come up with a plan to provide drinking water for the state’s citizens. The company intends to drag icebergs from Antarctica to the gulf coast in order to harvest its freshwater.
The company plans to source the massive blocks of ice from Heard Island, around 600 miles off the coast of mainland Antarctica. It will then transport them around 5,500 miles to Fujarirah, one part of the UAE. One iceberg could provide enough water for one million people over five years, according to the company.
The company’s director says they have already travelled the transportation route and checked the possibility of the scheme, according to reports in Gulf News. Speaking to the site about what he is calling the UAE Iceberg Project, Abdullah Mohammad Sulaiman Al Shehi said, “We have made the technical and financial plan. We will start the project at the beginning of 2018. We want it mainly for the water. It could also be good for tourism and the weather.”
The UAE is one of the driest countries in the world, due to its extremely arid climate, which receives less than four inches of rainfall per year. Despite that, it consumes more water than double the global national average, putting the country at severe risk of droughts over the next 25 years.
An average iceberg contains more than 20 billion gallons of water, according to the company. The iceberg takes a long time to melt as 80 percent of it is underwater, while the white ice above reflects sunlight and deflects(使转向) its heat. Blocks of ice will be placed in giant tanks, before being processed. “This is the purest water in the world.” Mr. Al Shehi added.
1. What can we learn about the UAE project?| A．It will help the UAE harvest freshwater. |
| B．It will encourage life to boom in Antarctica. |
| C．It will put the UAE at severe risk of droughts. |
| D．It will completely change the climate in the UAE. |
| A．The Atlantic Ocean. | B．Fujariah. |
| C．The Gulf. | D．Heard Island. |
| A．The local people. | B．Antarctica. |
| C．The weather. | D．Tourism. |
| A．the process of the project | B．the possibility of the plan |
| C．the purpose of the company | D．the comments on the scheme |
7 . Global warming threatens to hold back human progress, and make unachievable all UN targets to reduce poverty, according to some of the world’s leading international and development groups.
In a report published today, Oxfam, Greenpeace and other groups say rich governments must immediately address climate change to avoid even “unbearable levels” of worldwide poverty.
“Food production, water supplies, public health and people’s livelihoods are already being damaged and weakened,” the report says. “There is no approach possible. The world must meet its commitments to achieve poverty reduction and also deal with climate change, which are closely linked.”
The report, which draws on UN predictions of the effects of climate change in poor countries over the next 50 years, says poor countries will experience more flooding, declining food production, more disease and the extinction of entire eco-systems on which many of the world’s poorest people depend.
“Climate change needs to be addressed now. The poor will bear the great consequence of it. The frontline experience of many of us working in international development indicates that communities are having to fight more extreme weather conditions.”
Climate change will cause great damage to agriculture and water supplies and will increase diseases. “By 2025 the number of the world’s population living in countries of significant water stress will almost double, to 6 billion people. Tropical (热带的) and sub-tropical areas will be hardest hit — those countries already suffering from food shortage”.
Poor countries mostly do not need hi-tech solutions, but would most benefit from education, research and being shown how to farm better. The report says unchecked global warming, more than wars or political upheaval (政变), will displace millions of people and unsettle many countries.
1. Which of the following is NOT related to global warming according to the passage?| A．Fitness. | B．Food production. | C．Water supplies. | D．Farming. |
| A．settle | B．speak | C．occupy | D．write an address |
| A．A diary. | B．A novel. | C．A magazine. | D．A news report. |
| A．Global warming: causing damage to agriculture. |
| B．Global warming: causing damage to water supplies. |
| C．Global warming: a bigger threat to humans. |
| D．Global warming: a bigger threat to the poor. |
8 . Over the past century, an alarming number of animals have become endangered or even extinct. Below are some animals whose numbers have been rapidly dropping in recent years.
Panda Bear
One of the biggest reasons contributing to the decline in the panda species is the destruction of its natural habitat. Farmers in China have gradually been claiming more and more of the land. As a result, pandas are forced to move away to places where it is hard to find bamboo for food.
Green Turtle
The green sea turtle species has survived for several millions of years, so you might wonder why it’s only becoming endangered now. A major cause is the change in climate and temperature, which both affect the hatching rates of turtle eggs. Climate changes also cause violent weather and rising water levels to flood areas where turtles usually go to lay their eggs. Apart from this, oil spills and other poisonous pollution, as well as increased fishing activities can cause sickness, or even death to the green turtles.
Cheetah
Cheetahs are famous for being the fastest animal on land but even they can’t run from some of the larger threats that have harmed them. Like the panda bears, cheetahs have gradually been losing their natural homes due to humans claiming land and developing in those areas. To make matters even worse, smaller animals move away when these areas are occupied, which means that the cheetah has less food! Don’t forget that other large animals, such as lions, are also fighting for any food that they can find, so occasionally young cheetahs end up as prey too.
Indian Elephant
Elephants are extremely intelligent animals and also the largest mammals that live on land. Sadly, in Asia many elephants were killed so that people could remove their tusks to use as decorative objects. While this practice has been banned now, some people still illegally continue. Forests in India have also been steadily destroyed and elephants are sometimes killed when they end up on human territory.
1. Humans’ increasing demand for land doesn’t affect the number of ________.| A．Indian elephants | B．cheetahs |
| C．panda bears | D．green turtles |
| A．planting more bamboos |
| B．helping them find mates |
| C．stopping hunting them |
| D．preventing poisonous pollution |
| A．forests have been destroyed |
| B．they are threatened by humans and larger animals |
| C．people are fond of hunting wild animals |
| D．no law bans people from removing their tusks |
9 . To fight for the conservation of forest ecosystem, several ecologists including Daniel Janzen convinced Del Oro, an orange juice producer, to donate part of their forestland to a national park. In return, Del Oro was allowed to throw large amounts of waste in the form of orange peels (皮) on a 3-hectare piece of land within the national park at no cost. Dealing with tons of leftover peels usually involved burning them or paying to have them poured into a landfill, so the proposal was very attractive.
But a year later, another juice company challenged the deal in court, arguing that their competitor was “polluting a national park”. They ended up winning, and the deal between Del Oro and the national park fell through.
Then in 2013, while discussing possible research avenues with Timothy Treuer, Daniel Janzen mentioned the orange story. Feeling interested, Treuer decided to stop by that piece of land that had been covered with fruit waste 15 years earlier. What he found shocked him.
“While I would walk over exposed rock and dead grass in the nearby fields, I’d have to climb through undergrowth and cut paths through walls of vines (藤) in the orange peel site itself.” said Timothy Treuer.
Treuer and his team spent months picking up samples (样品), analyzing and comparing them. They found great differences between the areas covered with orange peels and those that were not. The area with orange waste had richer soil.
The effect that the orange peels had on the land is probably not that surprising to people familiar with composting (施肥), but what is really shocking is that a judge actually thought the waste of orange “mined” a national park and stopped it from going forward. Now that Timothy Treuer’s study has received worldwide attention, this type of “ruining” is being seriously considered as a way of bringing forests back to life.
1. What did Del Oro usually do with orange peels?| A．Add them to fuel. | B．Throw them into a national park. |
| C．Bum or bury them. | D．Make them into cakes. |
| A．It lasted 15 years. | B．It was signed by Treuer. |
| C．It was made in about 1998. | D．It was broken by Del Oro. |
| A．Orange peels contain much fibre. |
| B．Orange peels can make soil richer. |
| C．Orange peels rot away in a short time. |
| D．Orange waste ruined the national park. |
| A．Disapproving. | B．Positive. |
| C．Worried. | D．Admirable. |
10 . Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1998, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14, 4000 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifespans greatly.
The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It5s a community in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete, and electrical and plumping lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered with concrete (混凝土)—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17℃ cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside.
The village is the idea of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process.
The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter. Recycled bottles could neutralize (使……无效) the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”.
1. What do the figures in the first paragraph show?| A．The reason for buying fewer drinks. | B．The seriousness of plastic pollution. |
| C．The amount of plastic waste. | D．The difficult situation of wildlife. |
| A．They’re green buildings. | B．They’re 17℃ warmer inside. |
| C．They stop plastic pollution. | D．They’re entirely made of plastic bottles. |
| A．Plastic bottles are difficult to break down so that they are liked by fish and birds. |
| B．Robert Bezeau is leader of a community in, Panama responsible for the project. |
| C．The project of the Plastic Bottle Village can raise peopled environmental awareness. |
| D．Individuals can learn how to produce plastic bottles without polluting the environment. |
| A．An Eco-Friendly Plastic Bottle Village |
| B．The Negative Effects of Plastic Bottles |
| C．How to Collect Deserted Plastic Bottles |
| D．How to Popularize the Use of Plastic Bottles |
