1 . A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2. 1billion tons by 2030. Beyond the cost of the waste itself，thrown-away food generates a gas that contributes to climate change.

Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds，but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

Tailor-made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh ingredients(烹饪原料)for chosen recipes，meaning leftovers are minimized. But while the   delivery services score well on reducing food waste，buying the same food ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption，they won’t overbuy and have less food waste. They fine-tune the amount of food to what they will actually eat.

Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less   frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper，they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.

However，study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero，they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The packaging is a killer if it’s single-use and thrown away，which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused，if it’s glass bottles，like in the old days，we can get some benefits.

1. What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?

A．They can cut down on daily expenses.

B．They will totally solve the problem of food waste.

C．They can keep energy consumption to a minimum.

D．They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.

2. What does the underlined word“fine-tune”in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Attach.	B．Adjust.
C．Raise.	D．Compare.

3. The author suggests carrying meals with a delivery truck to__________.

A．reduce transport emissions	B．save more food
C．shop only in the supermarket	D．shorten car trip distances

4. What’s the author’s attitude to meal kits?

A．Supportive.	B．Unfavorable.
C．Objective.	D．Indifferent.

2 . Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.

Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our “consumer culture”. Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.

We clearly have a growing resource problem. The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live. But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.

While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. For most, Christmas isn’t an add-on to an already heavy shopping year. In fact, it is likely the only time of year many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.

This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision(嘲弄) by anti-consumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they’ve needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works.”

Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?

Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems. It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours—or that environmental destruction continues without any reduction in intensity.

1. It is indicated in the 1st   paragraph that during the holiday season, many consumers .

A．ignore resource problems

B．are fascinated with presents

C．are encouraged to spend less

D．show great interest in the movement.

2. It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the environmentalist movement .

A．has targeted the wrong persons

B．has achieved its intended purposes

C．has taken environment-friendly measures

D．has benefited both consumers and producers

3. The example of Roman Abramovich is used to show environmentalists’ .

A．madness about life choices

B．discontent with rich lifestyle

C．ignorance about the real cause

D．disrespect for holiday shoppers

4. It can be concluded from the text that telling people not to shop at Christmas is .

A．anything less than a responsibility	B．nothing more than a bias
C．indicative of environmental awareness	D．unacceptable to ordinary people

3 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Billions of poor people around the world     1     (depend) on the use of wood for cooking. And as they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered. This is     2     Dr. Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He wants to teach women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. He helped create Solar Cookers International. It’s an organization     3     introduces solar cookers to developing countries as well as teaching people how to use them.

4 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important     1    (grow) your own food. Any open space     2    (use) to grow fruit and vegetables. There are apples, pears, peaches, strawberries, cabbages and carrots, here and there. Everyone can pick them     3     free. Eight years ago, a woman named Pam in Todmorden dug up her rose garden. She planted vegetables, knocked down the garden wall and put up a sign     4    (say), “Help yourself?” Today, Pam has     5    (complete) changed the town. A new town has been born,     6     is called “Incredible Edible Todmorden”. Pam explained why she thought the idea was popular. “It’s possible and positive. Many people know we have to change,     7     how we do that is a question. So one day, she gathered all the     8    (villager) together. They decided to do something different at once. They didn’t write reports. They didn’t ask for permission. They just did it. Only a short time     9    (late), Todmorden became a big garden of fruit vegetables. In Todmorden, there is a motto: If you eat, you are in. But that’s not all. There are     10    (many) than 700 edible towns popping up around the world, from Canada to Mali. People there think about food and protect environment at the same time.

5 . 假定你是李华，你们学校正在举行有关“garbage sorting”的英语演讲比赛。请写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 垃圾分类的现状
2. 能做的事情
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!

I’m Lihua. _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . Holding hands, people jumped into the water, and floated around in Boston’s Charles River recently. That is something that would not have been possible years ago because the river was so polluted. In the 1960s, the music group The Standells even sang about the river in their popular song, “Dirty Water.”

The swimmers were getting their once-a-year chance to cool off from the summer heat in the Charles River. It is called “City Splash.” For a few days each year, the state of Massachu-setts allows public swimming on Boston’s part of the nearly 130-kilometer Charles River.

The event is in its fifth year. It is a chance for the nonprofit Charles River Conservancy to show its efforts to build a “swim park.” Their idea is to build floating docks where swimmers can jump safely into the river—without touching the risky bottom. These docks would be in areas where the water quality would be tested repeatedly.

Boston is one of the cities hoping to follow the model of Copenhagen, Denmark. That city opened the first of its three floating harbor baths in the early 2000s. On sunny days, people swim in the harbor baths surrounded by tall buildings and cars on the highways. At night the area is filled with people enjoying music and food.

Just recently Paris opened public swimming in a once-polluted canal. New York London, Berlin and other cities are planning similar features for their waterways.

In Boston, the Charles River Conservancy still needs to raise several million dollars. It also needs to get approvals from city, state and federal agencies. The group’s spokeswoman, S. J. Port, said the biggest problem has already been taken care of: The Charles is now one of the cleanest city rivers in America.

The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency announced this month that the river earned a “B” grade for water quality last year—an “A” being the best grade. It means the Charles River met the requirement for swimming 55 percent of the time.

1. What is the function of floating docks?

A．They are places for swimmers to rest.

B．They let swimmers get into the river safely.

C．They surround swimmers in a safe area of the river.

D．They are used to test the water quality repeatedly.

2. Which of the following has set a good example for others in offering floating harbor baths?

A．Paris.	B．Boston.
C．Copenhagen.	D．Berlin.

3. What does the underlined part “the biggest problem” refer to?

A．The pollution of Charles River.

B．Lack of money to treat pollution.

C．Getting approvals from governments.

D．Meeting the requirement of “A” grade.

4. What can be inferred from the text?

A．The water in Charles River reaches drinking standard.

B．People can swim in Charles River at any time.

C．This summer is the hottest in Boston.

D．Charles River flows through Boston.

7 . Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are produced by power stations and cars.     1    

Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks and buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly.

    2    According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.

The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of dissolving reduced.     3    
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans.     4    

A．However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.

B．That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.

C．So unless the price of rises, it is unlikely that Mexican will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.

D．These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.

E．The problem, however, is not a European one.

F．They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams.

8 . 假定你是李华，你的笔友 Henry 想了解下城市垃圾分类的具体情况，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1. 垃圾分类的定义；
2. 垃圾分类的意义；
3. 该城市所采取的（至少）两项举措。
注意: 1. 字数 120 字左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 参考词汇：垃圾分类 waste sorting / rubbish classification
Dear Henry,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

9 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. alarming       B. properties     C. revealed     D. invasive       E. rescue     F. instrumental G. households   H. document     I. concerned     J. amateur       K. initiatives

Before science became professionalized in the 19th century,     1     naturalists were collecting information and helping us understand the natural world. A 2009 study found that nearly 50% of UK     2     feed wild birds. The National Trust has more than 5 million members, and 60,000 active volunteers helping to protect the countryside as well as historic     3    . Now, with our environment arguably under greater threat than ever and species declining at a(n)     4     rate, volunteers are once again at the forefront of efforts to limit the damage.

Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. On the Isle of Man, more than 8,000 people (nearly 10% of the population) are involved in regular weekend beach cleans. At one recent event, 123 volunteers turned up and removed 183 bags of litter in just a couple of hours. Thanks to     5     such as this, the island shares Unesco biosphere reserve status with the Galápagos, Yellowstone in the US, Uluru in Australia, and hundreds of other sites.

Recreational divers are making a real difference underwater too. They monitor the spread of     6     species, and record how native species respond. Divers also     7     levels of marine litter and other human impacts. Volunteer divers have played an important role in collecting information about marine conservation zones. Volunteers have also made a vital contribution to the conservation of basking sharks. The work of a citizen science Basking Shark Project in the 1980s and 90s was     8     in getting these sharks on the protected species list in the UK, while satellite tagging     9     the first recorded transatlantic crossing by a basking shark.

Volunteers and enthusiasts can be powerful drivers for big changes. No one can know better, or care more about, our most special places than the people who live in them and give up their free time to look after them. As a group of divers and     10     residents who lived on the shores of the bay, they took their campaign on to national and international stages and continue to inspire people who might otherwise feel powerless when faced with threats to the places that matter to them.

10 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

World leaders get some face-to-face time at the U.N. climate summit

Sometimes in diplomacy, the sideline(副业) is where all the action is. That was the case at the     1     of the Paris climate summit on Nov. 30, where nearly 150 world leaders met in one of the largest such     2     in history. They were ostensibly(表面的) there to talk about   global   warming,   but   with   Paris   less   than   three   weeks   removed   from   a     3     terrorists attack and the Middle East in chaos, presidents and prime ministers took the opportunity to discuss global security     4     just offstage of the summit. So president Obama sat down with Russian President Vladimir Putin to talk about the     5     in Syria and Ukraine, and with Chinese President Xi Jinping to discuss the possibility of broader anti-terrorism     6    . Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinan Authority President Mahmoud Abbas----sharply at     7     this year even found time to exchange a rare handshake at the summit.

The threat of terrorism     8     the sideline discussions----so much so that some critics asked why it wasn’t the main event. But climate change and terrorism are part of the same threat. National security experts have warned for years that climate change     9     to the social instability that in turn feeds extremist groups like ISIS. Before leaving Paris, Obama made the same point: “This one     10    , climate change, affects all trends.” And it will only be stopped by global action.