1 . Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. We buy more clothes, more often, but wear them less. The average lifespan of a piece of clothing is just two years, and 87 percent of unwanted clothing ends up in landfill or incinerators (焚化炉).
Alina Bassi, founder, of Kleiderly, wants to give our clothing waste another chance of a useful life. The 30-year-old chemical engineer has always cared about the threat of climate change — in her teens she made a film highlighting the environmental impact of Heathrow Airport — but she actually started her career in the oil industry. “I learned so much there, but knew it wasn’t quite right for me,” Bassi says. As a junior engineer, it was difficult to affect change in large corporations and she wanted to make an impact. “I really wanted to work in sustainability. (可持续性).”
After a few more years in the energy industry, she landed a job with bio-bean, a company that turned waste coffee grounds from major UK cafe chains into products that could be burned for heat and fuel. After a year in Berlin as chief operating officer of Kaffeeform, another coffee recycling company, Bassi was eager to step into a different field — used coffee grounds are not the biggest threat faced by the planet. Instead, Bassi poured her efforts into tackling a much bigger polluter.
Kleiderly hopes to change the landscape of clothing waste. Using the principles of a circular (循环的) economy, Bassi has developed a low-energy, multi-stage process to turn clothing fibers into an alternative to oil-based plastic. She is reluctant to reveal any further details as the process is still being patented. This plastic can then be fed to manufacturers that can use it in their existing machines, so that your old T-shirts and jeans are reused as brand new products. “I wanted to take the fibers and turn them into something that would be used for many years to come.” Bassi says.
1. What do we learn about Bassi’s work in the oil industry?| A．It gave her much joy. |
| B．It inspired her to make a film. |
| C．It went against her personal goals. |
| D．It made her worry about the oil industry. |
| A．She should enter the energy industry. |
| B．She should do more to help prevent pollution. |
| C．She should take advantage of coffee grounds |
| D．She should accept the principles of a circular economy. |
| A．Determined. | B．Unwilling. |
| C．Unlucky. | D．Proud. |
| A．Engineers find a new way to produce oil-based plastic |
| B．A lady makes great efforts to promote the fashion industry |
| C．Engineers appeal to various industries to fight climate change |
| D．A lady devotes herself to giving clothing waste a second life |
Paper is mainly made of cellulose (纤维素) This molecule (分子) makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants. Because of its sturdy (结实的) structure, cellulose can
Effective recycling requires a consistent effort from everyone at all levels of society. The way
The need is
A recent study shows that the world's coral reefs have been showing strong bleaching(漂白) due to global warming.
In the 1980s beaching
Bleaching is caused when warm water breaks down the algae (海藻) inside the refs. They provide food for the corals and keep them
Coral reefs,
4 . Attention to the fight against climate change tends to be focused on trees, but 75% of the planet's surface is covered by the ocean, and a natural process taking place underwater has excited scores of investors at the recent World Economic Forum (论坛) who may want to help.
During the recent wildfires in the Amazon rainforest, journalists often described trees as the “lungs of the world”, but that title most certainly belongs to phytoplankton, which alone refreshes nearly 50% of the atmospheric oxygen on planet earth, the value of four Amazons.
And, in the effort to stop the warming of the planet, our greatest assistants could belong to whales, because of the great amount of their excrement left in the sea.
A new paper published by economist Dr. Ralph Chianti underlines the influence that whales, especially blue whales, and their excrement have on climate change. It is all due to whales’ excrement in the diets of phytoplankton.
The tiny marine algae (海洋藻类) floats at the center of several marine food webs, and they provide food for many sea creatures including whales, while also requiring whales’ excrement to feed on. They also require CO2 to survive, just like trees.
Whales, after deep-sea dives for krill (磷虾), return to the surface and release excrement, which is rich in nitrogen (氮) and iron, into the top ocean layer, which provides a key food source for phytoplankton.
In his paper, Dr. Chiami suggests that since phytoplankton populations can expand wherever whales are, a significant effort should be made to fight against climate change by encouraging the growth and protection of whale populations. “At a minimum, even a 1% increase in phytoplankton productivity thanks to whale activity would take in hundreds of millions of tons of additional CO2 a year, which is equal to the sudden appearance of 2 billion mature trees,”says Chiami.
1. What makes the investors excited?| A．Trees’ function as “lungs of the world”. |
| B．Phytoplankton’s ability to create oxygen. |
| C．The success of the World Economic Forum. |
| D．People's continuous fight against climate change. |
| A．They refresh much oxygen. | B．They never send out CO2. |
| C．They kill much phytoplankton. | D．They supply food to phytoplankton. |
| A．Complex. | B．Competitive. | C．Dependent. | D．Distant. |
| A．Rebuild food webs. | B．Try to protect whales. |
| C．Grow more phytoplankton. | D．Limit population explosion. |
5 . As a result of pollution，Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton(浮游生物). But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures.When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.
Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂) is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water bird, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead (铅).
So, if we want to stop this pollution，the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water.It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
1. Pollution of water is noticed ________.| A．when the first organisms are affected |
| B．when a good many fish and birds die |
| C．when poisonous things are poured into water |
| D．as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed |
| A．water | B．waste |
| C．poison | D．oxygen |
| A．Organisms. |
| B．Plants and plankton in the water. |
| C．Waste water from cities. |
| D．Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water. |
| A．realize the serious situation clearly |
| B．put oxygen into the water |
| C．make the waste harmless before it flows into the water |
| D．make special room in the sea for our rubbish |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改 10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city because I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs around us is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we will regret it.
1. 倡导绿色生活的原因；
2. 实践途径（至少三点）。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Boys and girls,
I’m honored to give the speech.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
1. 保护环境是我们的职责；
2. 保护环境的具体措施。
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数。
Ladies and gentlemen,
Good morning, I’m Li Hua from Changchun Foreign Language School. It is my great honor to be here to say something about how to protect the environment.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.活动目的；
2.你的行动（绿色出行，节约用水用电等）；
3.活动反响。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Cherish the Earth, Starting from Me
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If the world wants to control global warming, water shortage and pollution, we all need to welcome “flexitarian” diets. This means
The authors say that present food industry has a number of environmental effects including being a great driver of climate change, using up freshwater
“We can eat a range of
If the world moved
