1 . Climate change is caused by the extremely high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. We all know the effects could be disastrous, but are we aware of the possible solutions?

Solution one:

Though it sounds crazy, a group of researchers from British universities is making a plan to build a 12-mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, which would let a lot of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide (SO₂), go into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a protective layer around the earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption.

Cost: around $10 billion a year

Benefits: This plan would produce almost instant results.

Risks: Volcanoes have almost destroy human in the past through the chemicals released in the atmosphere, and the same thing could happen again with this plan.

Solution two: stir up (搅动) the oceans

Intellectual Ventures, which is a company, has planned to build a million plastic tubes, each about 100 meters long, and use them to stir up the ocean. Why, you might be wondering, would we want to do this? Again, the answer is scientifically effective. The bottom of the ocean is almost freezing and by stirring it up, cold water would come to the surface and absorb (吸收) heat and CO₂, and so cool the planet.

Cost: tens of millions of dollars

Benefits: This plan is relatively cheap and technically possible new.

Risks: The tubes would possibly destroy sea life, and the plan may not work.

Solution three: stop burning fossil fuels

This is undoubtedly the best solution but is it really likely to happen in the near future?

Cost: unknown

Benefits: It’s a simple and effective plan.

Risks: It may already be too late. Without real action, this plan could just mean “do nothing”.

1. Solution one is most likely to________.

A．pump even more chemicals into the atmosphere

B．form a protective layer with volcanic eruptions

C．blow up a balloon to get rid of poisonous chemicals

D．draw as much sunlight as possible

2. What can be learned about solution two?

A．It needs more valid scientific experiment.

B．It aims to cool the warm surface water in the ocean.

C．It may do harm to animals and plants living in the sea

D．It is much more expensive to carry out than solution one.

3. What does the writer think of solution three?

A．It is effective because it will benefit world economy.

B．Whether it will come true remains to be seen.

C．Putting it into practice may cost nothing.

D．Action has been taken to carry it out.

4 . We’ve heard many stories of individuals across the world who’ve adopted a zero-waste lifestyle. However, it’s much less often that we come across an entire community that is trying to become waste-free. The residents of Kamikastsu, Japan, take recycling so ________ that they actually hope to become the nation’s first zero-waste community.

Kamikatsu has no ________ trucks, so residents need to compost (制成堆肥) their kitchen waste at home. They also have to wash and sort the rest of their trash into 34 different categories. They would then bring it to the recycling center themselves where workers make sure that the waste goes into the correct bins. It apparently took some time for the residents to   ________ this rule, but they eventually managed to adapt to the dramatic changes and are now seeing them as normal.

Reuse is highly ________ in Kamikatsu. There is a local kuru-kuru shop where residents can ________ new things with used items at no extra cost. And the kuru-kuru factory employs women to make bags, clothes, and stuffed dolls out of ________ items. Businesses are also encouraged to participate in responsible waste management. The town has a zero-waste brewery (啤酒厂) housed in a building constructed of reused materials.

With a population of just over 1,700, Kamikatsu ________ about 80 percent of its trash and only 20 percent goes to landfills (垃圾填埋场). You could say that the town is very ________ to achieving its goal. They’ve ________ their old practice of dumping trash into open fires after declaring their zero-waste ambition in 2003.

All the recycling facilities in Kamikatsu are managed by a Zero Waste Academy. It also regularly hosts groups of local schoolchildren, ________ them on the benefits of a zero-waste lifestyle. Every year, the Academy receives around 2,500 visitors from all around the world, all of them eager to learn more about zero-waste and how Kamikatsu has managed to implement its principles in such a short period of time.

1.

A．badly

B．personally

C．seriously

D．well

2.

A．garbage

B．delivery

C．farm

D．military

3.

A．rely on

B．trust in

C．get used to

D．get rid of

4.

A．desired

B．restricted

C．promoted

D．experienced

5.

A．combine

B．connect

C．equip

D．exchange

6.

A．valuable

B．waste

C．similar

D．relative

7.

A．produces

B．drops

C．recycles

D．empties

8.

A．close

B．limited

C．used

D．equal

9.

A．thought about

B．given up

C．believed in

D．looked at

10.

A．advising

B．keeping

C．joining

D．educating

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A walk along Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek was, for much of the 20th century, best undertaken with a handkerchief covered firmly over the nose. Liquid waste from factories poured directly into its waters. For the multi-generational families who lived in the small boats that crowded its waters from bank to bank, it had long doubled as a source of public drinking water and a sewer. Infectious diseases       1     (spread) throughout the area as a result of water pollution.

Suzhou Creek has taken on an entirely new look in recent years. The once-smelly and disease-ridden riverside       2     (make) into a new destination for shopping, strolling and living. It is well-equipped       3     (join) the likes of Paris’s Canal Saint-Martin as an agreeable urban waterfront.

The restoration of Suzhou Creek dates back to 1993,       4     a sewage treatment plant became operational. The plant was able to collect around 1.4 million cubic meters of wastewater within urban areas every day. Since 2002, with the capabilities of the sewage treatment system constantly       5     (upgrade), the main stream of the creek has been cleansed of its black and smelly pollutants. During the past six years, water quality throughout the system has also been greatly improved by the cleanup of over 2,000 river ways       6     the city. Residents were delighted to see duckweed and freshwater fish return to its waters.

Research from the U.N. Environment Program reveals that half of the world’s 500 largest rivers have been seriously depleted or polluted. The comprehensive cleanup project for the 125-kilometer-long Suzhou Creek is an example the world       7     follow, said a report released during the fourth session of the U.N. Environment Assembly in March.

Stage Four of the Suzhou Creek restoration project is in full swing. Its aim is to make the creek’s waterfront       8     (inviting) to the public.       9     this is certainly a noble aim, heritage advocates are worried that traces of Shanghai’s days as a treaty port are getting erased in the process. However, according to the chief designer Michael Grove, “All the historic structures will be preserved and reused, mainly for cultural purposes.” As a model, he points to the successful transition of a disused textile mill into the popular M50 arts district, a warren (道路错综复杂的区域) of contemporary art galleries that lies further up the creek.

That means visitors will still be able to stroll Suzhou Creek from the 1911 Garden Bridge to the 1924 Post Office,     10     (enjoy) a cheerfully dilapidated (年久失修的) part of the metropolis that has, against all odds, retained the essence of old Shanghai. Minus, of course, the stink (恶臭).

6 . A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources（资源）：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25％ of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests.
1. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they      

A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere

B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world

C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃

D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth

2. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?

A．We will lose much more than we can gain.

B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.

C．People have a strong desire for resources.

D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.

3. It can be inferred from the text that

A．we can get enough resources without rainforests

B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests

C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land

D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．How to Save Rainforests

B．How to Protect Nature

C．Rainforests and the Environment

D．Rainforests and Medical Development