1 . Since the 1920s, a little-known policy called parking minimums has shaped many Americans’ life. In major cities, this meant that any type of building needed to reserve a certain number of parking spaces to accommodate anyone who might visit.

But as the country attempts to cut carbon emissions (排放), we should rethink what transportation and public space look like, especially in cities. Earlier this month, the city of Austin, Texas, became the latest community to undo parking minimums.

“If we want half of all trips to be in something other than a car, then we can’t, as a city, in my opinion, demand that every home or business have at least one parking space for each resident or customer,” said Zohaib Qadri, the Austin city council member who introduced the measure. Reducing dependency on cars was a huge push for the initiative in Austin. Qadri hopes the measure also will lead to a more sustainable city.

The undoing of this law could pave the way for cities to build denser (密集的) housing, increase public transit options, and reduce their carbon emissions, according to Donald Shoup, an engineer and professor. “It isn’t just the housing crisis and climate change; it’s a traffic jam; it’s local air pollution; it’s the high price of everything—except parking,” said Shoup.

Climate change and air pollution are particularly costly outcomes, with both estimated to cost the US billions of dollars every year. Parking spots, meanwhile, can run in the tens of thousands of dollars to construct, with one estimate putting that figure at almost $30, 000 per spot.

But undoing parking minimums does not mean that all parking will disappear overnight. It means that any off-street parking built will not need to meet any minimum standard.

“Austin is the same city that it was two weeks ago,” said Shoup. “It’s going to take quite a while for that city to really get the benefits of their parking space reforms. And so it just removes a roadblock and a barrier to other reforms.”

1. Why was parking minimums policy deserted in Austin?

A．To make room for green belts.	B．To help tackle climate problems.
C．To respond to residents’ demand.	D．To ease the heavy traffic.

2. What can we infer from Qadri’s words?

A．Parking space provides convenience.

B．Cars are used for half of people’s trips.

C．Each home needs more than one parking space.

D．Reducing parking space can reduce dependency on cars.

3. What is Donald Shoup’s attitude towards undoing parking minimums?

A．Supportive.

B．Concerned.

C．Doubtful.

D．Disappointed.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．The Harm of Climate Change	B．The Origin of Parking Minimums
C．The Reason for Too Many Emissions	D．A Possible Way to Fight Climate Change

2 . 假设你是李华，是学校环保社的社长，请你根据所给提示，为学校英文报纸写一封倡议书。要点如下：
1. 简要介绍你所在的校园环保社团；
2. 指出校园塑料大量使用的情况；
3. 发出减少塑料使用的倡议。
注意: 1. 写作词数应为80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,

I am head of the School Environmental Protection Club.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The School Environmental Protection Club

6 . A growing number of companies are making food and drink products out of things traditionally considered waste. And according to new research, consumers increasingly accept — and even prefer — such products.

“Consumers are actually willing to pay more for food made from surplus (剩余的) products,” says Professor Jonathan Deutsch, who led the study. Deutsch and his colleagues presented study participants with different food products. They had one of three labels “conventional”, “organic” or “value-added surplus”. The third was the study’s term for food normally seen as waste. Participants were not, as food companies have long assumed, disgusted by the idea of using “waste” in their food. Instead, they felt positively about the opportunity to help the environment.

The problem of food waste has been getting more attention in recent years. Globally, up to a third of all food is damaged or lost before it can be eaten. Waste can happen anywhere along the food chain. Farms fail to harvest crops due to bad weather. Food goes bad during transport. Companies throw out trimmings too small to use, and supermarkets reject produce for imperfect looks. Restaurants throw out food after its use-by date.

As consumers become increasingly aware of the problem, a number of companies are betting on surplus foods. Washington, D. C-based Misfit Juicery sells cold-pressed juices made from ugly fruits. Dutch company Barstensvol makes heat-and-eat soups from surplus vegetables. Some of these companies are meeting with major success.

Deutsch reminds that transparency (透明度) is key when using surplus food. Consumers like the idea of helping the environment. They don’t like feeling a company has something to hide. ABC News reported that meat companies often use beef trimmings in ground beef. The product is perfectly safe to eat. But its pink appearance, and the idea that the meat companies were hiding its presence from consumers, caused great anger.

1. Why are people willing to accept surplus foods?

A．The foods are cheap.

B．The foods taste good.

C．They consider it a creative idea.

D．They consider it an eco-friendly idea.

2. What can be concluded from Paragraph 3?

A．Food shortage is a global issue.

B．Food waste is caused unconsciously.

C．Food waste has done harm to the environment.

D．Food waste can happen in many different ways.

3. What do the examples of Misfit Juicery and Barstensvol show?

A．Using “waste!” to make food is available commercially.

B．Surplus foods can bring in more money for companies.

C．Soups from surplus vegetables are easy to make.

D．Juice made from ugly fruits tastes better.

4. What’s Deutsch’s main purpose in the last paragraph?

A．To stress the importance of food safety.

B．To offer a suggestion to food companies.

C．To explain the meaning of consumer needs.

D．To point out a major problem in the food industry.

7 . Nature embraces us with beauty. Below, you will learn a list of famous natural reserves.

Natural Park of the Coral Sea

New Caledonia is famous for its beautiful nature, diverse species and wonderful coastal ecosystems. The Natural Park of the Coral Sea safeguards large marine (海洋的) habitats vital to the inhabitants, wildlife, and environmental protection of the territories in the south western Pacific region. The Natural Park of the Coral Sea in New Caledonia is a shelter for sharks, whales and turtles. Unique world-class diving locations can be found in the Natural Park of the Coral Sea.

The Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument

Located in the central Pacific Ocean, the Pacific Remote Islands Monument area includes seven islands. There are 165 identified oceanic plates in the sites of diversity and species richness. It is one of the most beautiful tropical marine habitats. The island hosts corals, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, land birds, insects, and the flora (植物群) existing nowhere else on the planet.

South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Marine Protected Area (SGSSI-MPA)

SGSSI-MPA is a vast natural preservation and conservation area in the far southern Atlantic Ocean. Due to the isolated geography and freezing weather throughout the year, few inhabitants live in this location. The marine reserve’s laws in this location are highly restrictive, with no commercial fishing permitted.

Coral Sea Marine Park

The park is one of the world’s largest marine parks and is located off the coastlines outside the Great Barrier Reef. Coral reefs, deep-sea plains and canyons (峡谷) are among the unique ecosystems found in the Coral Sea Marine Park. Additionally, the marine park preserves sixteen bottom ecosystems, including canyons and plains. It consists of 34 larger reef zones and 15, 000 square kilometers of shallow reef systems followed by much marine life.

1. What is special about the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument?

A．Shellfish.	B．Rich species.
C．Unique flora.	D．Seven islands.

2. Why do few people live in SGSSI-MPA?

A．The climate is too extreme.	B．It’s a large preservation area.
C．Commercial fishing is banned.	D．It’s far from the Atlantic Ocean.

3. What do the four reserves have in common?

A．They are in the Pacific Ocean.	B．They are marine reserves.
C．They have some canyons.	D．They contain plains.

9 . When people think about ways to help the environment, encourage biodiversity and decrease greenhouse gases, they don’t usually think about the impact of food waste.     1    

Producing food for a growing global population is a complex challenge with a lot of negative environmental consequences, so food waste creates unnecessary stress on our fragile environment. Here are four things you can do to cut food waste.

    2     This can help increase the shelf life of many of the most commonly wasted foods, including fruit, vegetables and dairy products. About 90% of milk waste happens in the home. Adjusting your fridge to the right temperature can save 50, 000 tons of milk waste every year.

Single-use plastics. Many of us are seeking to decrease the amount of single-use plastics in our lives, and in our shopping baskets. This is good but often these plastics and packaging keep food fresh for longer.     3     Scientists are working on developing methods of treating and storing food that can extend its shelf life.

Dish up smaller portions. This results in up to 20% less food waste. Many of us put our leftovers in the fridge, then forget about them. Fortunately, there are many ways to manage our fridge contents effectively and decrease food waste.     4     Labeling leftovers reminds us when they went in and when they need to be eaten by. Try and freeze meat dairy and bread if they are close to spoiling—this will extend their life.

Buy directly from local suppliers. Our food systems and supply chains are incredibly complex, which leads to high levels of food loss and waste. In contrast, buying directly from local suppliers results in less waste.     5    

A．Set your freezer to below 5℃.

B．Store the food in the fridge.

C．These range from apps, to the humble post-it note, or pen.

D．Support a local business, eat quality food, and decrease waste.

E．The most commonly wasted foods are fresh fruit and vegetables.

F．Fortunately, there are significant developments towards a post-plastic world.

G．Yet food waste is responsible for up to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

10 . The suburb I live in backs on to a large nature reserve. One morning I saw a koala (考拉) sitting in a palm tree in my front yard. I phoned around to ask what I could _________ this koala, but no one wanted to know. I ended up _________ the koala out of my tree and we crossed the road _________ for him to return to the nature reserve.

I’ve always been befriending animals. As a young kid I used to pick up lizard eggs and _________ them. It stimulated my interest as to why there wasn’t anyone wanting to come and _________ this koala in my tree. After that, I signed up for all the _________ I could find.

Once I had accreditation (合格证), I volunteered with the RSPCA in 2014, rehabilitating (使康复) wildlife. I was an ambulance driver, _________ overnight rescues. We rescued hundreds of animals and _________ more.

One day, I thought why not _________ my own rescue group focusing on my backyard? I purchased a two-acre property and built enclosures on it to __________ injured animals. Last year, I planted 300 eucalyptus trees(桉树), with seven varieties to __________ the koalas.

I cut the leaves of the eucalyptus trees for the koalas to eat and look after the __________ wildlife at our centre. If they recover, they are __________ back to where they come from.

As a kid I would never have imagined doing this. I feel like I’m the __________ girl on the planet that I get to do what I love. I believe it’s my __________.

1.

A．learn from

B．do about

C．require of

D．save for

2.

A．kicking

B．shooting

C．coaching

D．blowing

3.

A．together

B．illegally

C．angrily

D．guiltily

4.

A．roll

B．sell

C．break

D．hatch

5.

A．rescue

B．admire

C．purchase

D．identify

6.

A．courses

B．races

C．fairs

D．shows

7.

A．watching

B．attending

C．recording

D．assessing

8.

A．made out

B．ran across

C．gave up

D．cared for

9.

A．leave

B．start

C．dismiss

D．advertise

10.

A．house

B．hunt

C．train

D．amuse

11.

A．confuse

B．direct

C．feed

D．test

12.

A．aggressive

B．hungry

C．deserted

D．injured

13.

A．sold

B．released

C．thrown

D．dragged

14.

A．quietest

B．greediest

C．noisiest

D．luckiest

15.

A．guess

B．calling

C．treat

D．fault