1 . On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and Speedos!
Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystems with their large diversity of marine (海洋的) life. When asked why he doesn’t wear a wetsuit (防寒泳衣), Lewis says, “I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”
It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1. 6℃. He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.
Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.
This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica’s Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.
1. Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit?A.To swim faster. | B.To show his bravery. |
C.To build up his body. | D.To win public attention. |
A.His body. | B.The water. |
C.His body temperature. | D.The water temperature. |
A.One must be fully prepared. | B.One should be expert at swimming. |
C.One should be ready to take on challenges. | D.One must be used to long-distance swimming. |
A.Ambitious and self-centered. | B.Hardworking and single-minded. |
C.Optimistic and environmentally friendly. | D.Determined and environmentally conscious. |
A.Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause | B.How to survive a swim in cold waters |
C.How to prepare for extreme swimming | D.Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible |
2 . Apple on Wednesday launched a self-service repair program that would allow its customers to purchase Apple made components to replace worn-out or broken parts. The service will be first available in the US early next year for the iPhone 12 and iPhone 13 ranges, enabling customers to repair their screens, batteries and cameras at home. The service will be extended to other markets throughout 2022 and cover Mac computers with MI chips.
The U-turn is abrupt. As recently as last month, Apple was fighting a shareholder proposal in support of right to repair. The iPhone maker said its own experts were best placed to service its products. The latest move, though, comes after an executive order from the Biden administration in July, directing the FTC (联邦贸易委员会) to address “unfair anti-competitive restrictions on third-party repair or self-repair of items”.
Apple has long been criticized by consumer protection bodies for fiercely guarding its monopoly on the repair process, which has become so strict that iPhones fail to function properly even if two identical models have their parts swapped. Consumers have been forced to pay for “official” repairs at Apple stores whose costs can be so high that many consumers would rather buy a new device altogether.
Right-to-repair advocates say that when a consumer replaces a broken model, it serves Apple’s bottom line but taxes the environment, so this step is likely to be widely welcomed. “Still, there is a risk that Apple is trying to increase the cost of spare parts by freezing out third-party manufacturer,” said Vallauri, a right-to-repair advocate. “Regulation needs to force manufacturers to make products that are easier to repair at an affordable price so devices can be in use for a longer time, limiting the environmental impact.”
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A.Apple adopted the proposal made by its shareholder after careful consideration. |
B.Apple is pressured into easing restrictions on independent repair shops. |
C.Apple has always been a firm supporter of customers’ right to repair. |
D.Apple has its growth restricted deliberately due to its enormous profits. |
A.complete control | B.huge interests |
C.massive influence | D.tight security |
A.The cost of fixing iPhones and iMacs will rise. |
B.Their products will lose favor with environmentalists. |
C.The life cycle of consumer electronics will be extended. |
D.The competition in iPhone parts market will be less intense. |
A.Favorable. | B.Enthusiastic. | C.Skeptical. | D.Cautious. |
3 . How to Reduce Gift Wrap Waste
Wrapping paper may have “paper” in its name, but that doesn’t automatically mean it can be recycled.
Reuse what you have.
Use different materials.
Ask for better paper. Shops store what customers want, and recyclability should be a top priority, so let that be known when you’re out shopping. As explained by Simon Ellin, CEO of the Recycling Association, a trade body that represents about 90 waste management companies and paper merchants in the United Kingdom, “It’s a campaign we’ve been on all year — do you really need to design a non-paper wrapping paper? Make paper with recycling in mind!”
A.Try zero waste. |
B.Shop with that in mind, too. |
C.You don’t have to choose shining paper to decorate a present. |
D.In fact, many types of wrapping paper cannot due to their materials. |
E.When wrapping paper is extremely thin, it has few good quality fibers for recycling. |
F.Wrapping paper can be used many times if care is taken to unwrap it without tearing. |
G.Having a mix of recyclable and non-recyclable papers is a real problem for companies. |
4 . Greenland is the biggest island in the world. And the ice sheet that sits atop it is massive. “The pile of ice being so thick, it extends more than 10, 000 feet above the ocean. And if all that ice were to melt and go into the ocean, global sea levels would rise by 24 feet everywhere around the world,” said Jason Briner, a geologist at the University at Buffalo. The ice sheet is melting, of course. But just how much, compared to the past?
Briner’s team did a computer simulation(模拟)of the southwest of the Greenland ice sheet, which he says is a good proxy for ice melt across the entire ice sheet. The researchers plugged past climate data into that model to “ hindcast”, rather than forecast, the past activity of the ice sheet. They then checked the model’s predictions of the past shape and size of the ice sheet by looking at piles of rocks and dirt on Greenland today, which outline the edges of ancient ice. And the simulation was in good agreement with the actual situation.
Using that reconstruction of the ice sheet over time, the team could compare the ice sheet’s historic losses to those happening today under human-caused global warming. And they determined that Greenland is on track to lose more ice this century than during any century in the past 12, 000 years — possibly four times as much. The results appear in the journal Nature.
Ultimately it’s up to us how much ice actually melts. “Humanity has the button — the carbon button — and that button is going to influence the rates of ice loss from the Greenland ice sheet.” If the world goes net carbon zero by 2100, for example, Briner says ice loss could stop, entirely at the end of the century, according to one model. “That was what kept me from being completely depressed about our study. ” Dozens of countries have already announced goals to go net carbon zero by the middle of this century — so far the U. S. is not one of them.
1. What does the underlined word “proxy” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Example. | B.Recommendation. |
C.Combination. | D.Interpretation. |
A.It is conducted by predicting the activity of the ice sheet. |
B.It centers on ice melt throughout the entire ice sheet. |
C.It consists with the ice sheet’s actual circumstance. |
D.It shows the ice sheet’s losses are in decline. |
A.To arouse people’s interest in Greenland. |
B.To point out the importance of computer simulation. |
C.To emphasize the accuracy of the simulation. |
D.To appeal to America to go net carbon zero. |
A.America Causes the Ice Sheet to Melt |
B.Global Sea Levels Are Rising |
C.Greenland Is Melting Faster |
D.Man Can Conquer Nature |
Right now, most people's attention is on the COVID﹣19 pandemic. In
World Earth Day, the international movement aiming
That said, the occasion will still continue in a digital way. "
While the event may not reach its originally
6 . I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to El Capitain, a
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of
I tried
In 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a
Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash.
I often hear people
A.distant | B.huge | C.narrow | D.loose |
A.immediately | B.finally | C.gradually | D.recently |
A.imagining | B.painting | C.describing | D.climbing |
A.garden | B.home | C.lab | D.palace |
A.material | B.resources | C.waste | D.goods |
A.more | B.most | C.less | D.least |
A.throwing away | B.picking up | C.breaking down | D.digging out |
A.kill | B.save | C.wait | D.spend |
A.cleanup | B.party | C.picnic | D.concert |
A.dropped out | B.showed up | C.looked around | D.called back |
A.demand | B.receive | C.achieve | D.overcome |
A.plan | B.visit | C.contact | D.difference |
A.talk | B.complain | C.argue | D.quarrel |
A.doing | B.thinking | C.questioning | D.watching |
A.method | B.explanation | C.example | D.research |
(1)简介野生动物的现状;
(2)列举保护野生动物的做法;
(3)呼吁大家保护野生动物。
注意:1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear teachers and classmates,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8 . My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder
I have walked through this forest many times. On December 12, 2011,
Life in the tree top can be
Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to
A.why | B.when | C.how | D.where |
A.water | B.animals | C.machinery | D.tourists |
A.bear | B.help | C.keep | D.spare |
A.sold | B.stolen | C.protected | D.lost |
A.grew out | B.fell short | C.ran out | D.let go |
A.refreshing | B.risky | C.challenging | D.rewarding |
A.get up | B.get away | C.give in | D.give up |
A.change | B.look | C.search | D.touch |
A.confused | B.nervous | C.sorry | D.lonely |
A.Beyond | B.Without | C.Despite | D.Unlike |
A.height | B.experience | C.background | D.position |
A.return | B.stop | C.stay | D.hide |
A.but | B.though | C.because | D.so |
A.soon | B.long | C.near | D.bad |
A.moved | B.logged | C.burned | D.missed |
Many people like travelling abroad. The extra money
China was once the world’s biggest recipient of overseas trash. Because of a