1 . The last complete ice shelf in the Canadian Arctic has collapsed (倒塌). The Milne Ice Shelf is _______ Ellesmere Island, Canada. The shelf lost _______ 40 percent of its area in just two days at the end of July, 2020. 

Above normal air temperatures, offshore winds and open water in front of the shelf are all parts of the _______ for its break-up.The shelf area shrank (缩小) by about 80 square kilometers. By comparison, the island of Manhattan in New York _______ about 60 square kilometers.Temperatures in the polar area have been _______ intense (强烈的). Summer in the Canadian Arctic in 2020 has been 5 degrees Celsius _______ the 30-year average. That has _______ smaller ice caps, _______ can melt quickly. As a glacier disappears, more bedrock is left _______. This then speeds up the melting ________. A research camp, including instruments for measuring water flow through the ice shelf, was lost when the shelf at Ellesmere Island collapsed. 

“It was only a ________ of time,” said Mark Serreze, director of the National Snow and Ice Data Center. His study showed the ice caps were ________ to disappear within five years. Their disappearance was ________ last year, when NASA satellite images of the area showed a complete lack of snow and ice. Serreze’s ________ trip to the Arctic was many years ago. “When I was there in the 1980s, I knew every square inch of those ice caps,” Serreze said. “You have the good ________. It’s like your first girlfriend. I want her back.”

1.

A．at the edge of

B．in front of

C．at the back of

D．at the end of

2.

A．rather than

B．less than

C．other than

D．more than

3.

A．situations

B．conditions

C．elements

D．problems

4.

A．combines

B．covers

C．evaluates

D．obtains

5.

A．seriously

B．especially

C．naturally

D．nearly

6.

A．down

B．below

C．up

D．above

7.

A．reduced

B．broken

C．threatened

D．brought

8.

A．which

B．that

C．where

D．whose

9.

A．uncovered

B．covered

C．broken

D．spotted

10.

A．program

B．progress

C．project

D．process

11.

A．question

B．thing

C．matter

D．concept

12.

A．possibly

B．likely

C．probably

D．surely

13.

A．simplified

B．launched

C．confirmed

D．accompanied

14.

A．research

B．search

C．culture

D．business

15.

A．dreams

B．ideas

C．attitudes

D．memories

2 . China is showing the world its great resolve in the global climate campaign with concrete and self­motivated efforts as well as serious commitment.

At the opening ceremony of the Paris climate summit, Chinese President Xi Jinping restated China’s plan made in June to cut its carbon emissions( 排放)per unit of GDP by 60­65 percent from 2005 levels by 2030, and increase non­fossil fuel sources in primary energy consumption to about 20 percent.

With a large population, China is facing increasing resource limits, severe environmental pollution and a worsening ecosystem, and its citizens are also becoming increasingly aware of environmental problems. Suffering environmental problems and seeing the efforts as important to transforming its economic growth pattern, the country has much at risk if climate change is left unattended.

Actually, climate change efforts are already included in China’s medium­and long­term program of economic and social development, and ecological efforts are the clear characteristics in China’s 13th Five­Year Plan(2016­2020)．

Although it is and will be a developing country for a long time to come, China has been actively involved in the global campaign against climate change, now topping the world in terms of energy conservation and use of new and renewable energies.

However, China’s development rights need to be respected. It is unfair to overstress China’s status as one of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters and regard it as the major part of responsibilities in the global fight against climate change.

It is worthy of notice that China’s emissions of greenhouse gases per person are far lower than those of developed countries, especially the United States, although rapid economic expansion and its population base have made it one of the biggest producers of the gases.

To show its great resolve, Beijing in September also announced the establishment of an independent South­South cooperation fund of ￥20 billion to help developing countries affected by global warming.

While China is eagerly accomplishing its policy commitments, developed countries should stop questioning China’s commitment to fighting climate change and pointing fingers, and start shouldering their due responsibilities instead.

1. China is self­motivated to transform its economic pattern in order to ________．

A．top the world

B．fight against climate change

C．solve its population problem

D．respond to pressure from developed countries

2. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refers to ________．

A．China

B．the United States

C．economic expansion

D．the population base

3. It can be inferred from the text that ________．

A．China will completely use non­fossil fuels by 2030

B．China will carry out its plan by stopping its development

C．Chinese emit more greenhouse gases than Americans on average

D．some developed countries are not taking on their due responsibilities

4 . As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.

Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realize what is happening.

Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources—sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂) is used in the home, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers water­proof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper and lead (铅).

So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.

1. When do the people notice the pollution of water according to Paragraph 2?

A．The first organisms are affected.	B．A good many fish and birds die.
C．Poisonous things are poured into water.	D．The balance of nature is destroyed.

2. Why do the living things die in the river according to Paragraph 3?

A．There is no water.	B．There is no fish.
C．There is no poison.	D．There is no oxygen.

3. Which of the following is harmful according to the text?

A．Organisms.

B．Plants and plankton in the water.

C．Waste water from cities.

D．Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water.

4. Which of the following is the best way to stop water pollution?

A．To realize the serious situation clearly.

B．To put oxygen into the river.

C．To make the waste material harmless before flowing into the water.

D．To make special room in the sea for our rubbish.

6 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Earth Day is an event    1    (annual) celebrated on April 22.     2    (found) by Senator Gaylord Nelson, an American politician and environmentalist, it was originally aimed at helping the public to know the current situation of air and water pollution and    3     (get) people to care about the earth.

In1962, Rachel Carson’s bestselling book “Silent Spring” created an    4    (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides (农药) . Then, a fire,     5     broke out in 1969 on Cleveland’s Guyahoga River, shed light on the problem of chemical pollution in water. Senator Gaylord Nelson dreamed of    6    similar large event that would get people to take environmental issues seriously. In 1969, he was inspired by protests against the Vietnam War and came up with the idea for Earth Day.

In the fall of 1969, Nelson announced it and appealed to the entire country to get involved. Consequently, telegrams, letters and telephone calls    7    all over the country poured in. Since 1970, Earth Day celebration have grown. Later, Nelson    8    (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.

Today, Earth Day is celebrated around the world every April 22. Sometimes numerous communities celebrate Earth Week, an entire week of    9    (activity) focused on the Environmental issues. In 2017, the March for Science    10    (occur) on Earth Day(April 22, 2017) and was followed by the People’s Climate Mobilization (April 29, 2017).

7 . When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders,Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier.But the glacier was gone,melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.

Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change.And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson,a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell,US,an idea for a class.

This term,she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies.She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落),scientists and activists,and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”.

Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者).Then he did his own reading and research,and changed his mind.

Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer-science major.Yet,the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.

Six months into the work,he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.

Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.

“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost,displaced or massively impacted,” she said.“The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”

1. Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?

A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.

B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.

C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.

D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.

2. Which of the following words best explains “intractable” underlined in Paragraph 3?

A．Simple.	B．Difficult.
C．Common.	D．Interesting.

3. What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?

A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.

B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue.

C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains.

D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment.

4. How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon?

A．It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects.

B．It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen.

C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.

D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.

8 . 假如你是李华，在地球日前夕，请你以“地球——我们共同的家园”为题，向某英语网站提供一份倡议书，倡议大家厉行节约、保护环境。内容包括：
1.节约与环保的关系；
2.举例说明，中学生该如何厉行节约；
3.倡导环保的优良传统。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9 . From July to October every year, about a quarter of the world’s blue whales feed in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. But the whales currently face a major threat in their favorite feeding area. Ships carrying cargo (货物) sail in the same area at the same time. All too often, the whales’ paths and the ships’ travel lines overlap (部分重叠), and a ship will hit a whale.

According to a new study, these ship strikes have become a serious threat to the overall population of the world’s blue whales. Only about 10,000 of the creatures still exist worldwide. Blue whales are the largest known animals ever to live on Earth. Even so, if hit by a container ship, a blue whale will likely die from its injuries.

In 2007 alone, large ships killed five blue whales in the waters of San Francisco and Los Angeles, California. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says that because there are so few whales already, losing three to five from the California whale population every year is a significant loss. “The estimated population of blue whales in this part of the Pacific is 2,500,” says Sean Hastings, an analyst of NOAA. “So every whale counts toward this species moving off the endangered-species list.”

Now, marine scientists must figure out how to protect the whales from the giant container ships. One very simple program is already underway in the Santa Barbara Channel, a waterway that separates mainland California from the nearby Channel Islands.

The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary has asked large container ships passing through the area to voluntarily slow down. Sailing slower will allow the ships’ crew (船员) more time to change course before hitting a whale.

Several of the world’s largest shipping lines are set to participate in the new program. For every ship that passes through the Santa Barbara Channel at or below the reduced speed of 12 knots, the company that owns the ship will be paid $2,500.

1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A．People intend to illegally hunt blue whales for money.

B．Large ships often carrying goods may pollute the sea.

C．The container ships may hit the blue whales frequently.

D．There is fewer fish in blue whales’ favorite feeding area.

2. Why is the death of several whales regarded as a significant loss to the world’s blue whales?

A．Because the number of the blue whales is so small.

B．Because other blue whales will be scared away.

C．Because blue whales are the largest animals in the world.

D．Because many blue whales get killed throughout the year.

3. According to Sean Hastings, it can be inferred that ________.

A．the number of the blue whales is decreasing sharply

B．the blue whales are still on the endangered species list

C．most of the world’s blue whales live in the Pacific Ocean

D．blue whales are often disturbed by other endangered creatures

4. What are the last three paragraphs mainly about?

A．The basic responsibility of a sailor.	B．Measures to protect the blue whales.
C．The world’s largest shipping lines.	D．Ways to slow down the speed of the ships.