1 . A year ago, I decided to create a more environmentally friendly kitchen, focusing on reducing the single-use products such as plastic bags and paper towels. I’m not going to sugarcoat my experience. It takes com mitment and a willingness to change long-held habits. In creating my kitchen, I tried a lot of different alternative products and some plain old com mon sense； the result, however, has been worth the effort. I’m recycling more and relying less on single-use products and I’m saving money too.
I’m not kidding when I say that I used to really love plastic storage bags, so this was, perhaps, the biggest challenge for me. Switching to reusable storage bags is a financial investment, but the cos is reasonable considering that I previously spent at least $ 100 annually on single-use plastic bags and wrap. I willcheck online periodically for recycling updates, where a zero-waste box for kitchen items is offered, from party supplies to mixed-materialfood containers.
I’m a clean freak (怪人) and used to go through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis, butit’s easy enough to take old T-shirts ortowels and cutthem up to use to wipe down surfaces. I’m also a fan of bamboo paper towels, which have the look and feel of traditional paper towels, yet are made from a highly renewable source and also break down in just 45 days. Better yet, they can be reused up to 100 times. As for kitchen sponges (海绵擦), I keep an eye out for those made with natural and recyclable materials.
When purchasing household items online from companies like Amazon or Jet, I will ask to have them shipped in as few boxes as possible or as small a box as possible if a single item is to be sent. I’ll let the company know that they should pay more attention to how It is packaging items for delivery.
1. What is the author’s main purpose of creating her kitchen?| A．To save money. | B．To reduce waste and recycle more. |
| C．To change her long-held habits. | D．To make it cleaner and more practical. |
| A．M ake attractive. | B．Getinterested. |
| C．Show off. | D．Give up. |
| A．Begins to recycle more single-use plastic bags. |
| B．Goes through an amount of paper towels on a daily basis. |
| C．Checks online periodically to buy zero-waste box. |
| D．Chooses to use the recyclable or reusable kitchen items. |
| A．She has strong environmental awareness. |
| B．She is used to traditional paper towels. |
| C．She has a good knowledge of financialinvestment. |
| D．She prefers to have her purchases packed in small boxes. |
Olympic and Paralympic medals for the Tokyo 2020 Games will be made from recycled mobile phones donated by the public.
Olympic host cities have
“A project which allows the people of Japan
Collection boxes have been placed in local offices and telecom stores and they will remain there until the metal required
Members of the organizing committee put forward the idea to government officials and companies earlier this year and won their support.
As a result, the medals hanging around Olympic winners’ necks will carry even more meaning
3 . Here are four women who made it their life’s mission to make the world a better place through environmental activism.
Greta Thunberg
“I have not accomplished anything. ”This statement was made by Greta Thunberg(17 years old)and it couldn’t be further from the truth. Her dedication to protecting the environmenl for our future generations is all accomplishment on its own. Her ability to resist to adults in power is admirable and continues to push the importance of conservation to the front of our minds.
Peggy Shelmrd
WE ACT for Environmental Justice is an organization that“through advocacy，planning，and research…mobilizes low-income communities to make environmental changes. ”At the helm(掌权)of WE ACT is Peggy Shepard. Her goal is to make sure that sustainable environmental practices are accessible to all，regardless of circumstance.
Rachel Carson
American marine biologist，writer，scientist，and ecologist，Rachel Carson(1907—1964)，was way ahead of her time. She wrote about conservation in the late 1930s and focused on her mission of protecting our oceans.
Julia“Butterfly”Hill
In the late 90s，Julia“Butterfly”Hill spent 738 days living in an ancient redwood，called Luna. This act brought awareness to the immense human threats to Redwood trees. Julia continues to advocate for the environment. “By standing together in unity，solidarity and love，we will heal the wounds in the earth and in each other. We can make a positive difference through our actions. ”
1. What do we know about Greta Thunberg?| A．She has not accomplished anything. |
| B．She seldom tells the truth. |
| C．She faces powerful people bravely to protect environment. |
| D．She shows great respect and admiration to people in power. |
| A．To help poor people to lead a better life. |
| B．To appeal to low-income group to protect our environment. |
| C．To make people aware of the environmental status. |
| D．To control the changes of environment. |
| A．Greta Thunberg. | B．Peggy Shepard. |
| C．Rachel Carson. | D．Julia“Butterfly”Hill. |
4 . A study has warned that seafood supplies from the world's oceans could be almost gone by the middle of the century. The researchers say there has already been a breakdown in wild populations of almost one third of currently fished sea-foods. The study says that means their catch has fallen by ninety percent from their highest level. Boris Worm of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia Canada led the intentional team that did the study. Professor Worm says species have recently been disappearing from oceans at an increasing speed. At this rate he says all seafood species could collapse by 2048.
Other studies have also warned about the dangers of overfishing and the effects on ocean environments. But not everyone thinks the oceans are likely to be empty, in, fifty years.Some scientists said parts of the world do have problems but others are doing a good job of protecting fish populations. Government officials in several countries with large fishing industries also questioned the research.
The study appeared earlier this month in Science magazine.
The researchers say damage to oceans affects not only fish populations but also the productivity of ecosystems. These complex systems help control water quality. The scientists say the loss of different kinds of sea life appears to increase the risk of fish kills and beach closures from harmful algae growth.
The scientists examined the results of thirty-two experiments and observed forty-eight protected areas. They also looked at records of catches worldwide. They studied records from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization from 1950 to 2003. And they examined archaeological information and other historical records for twelve coastal areas. That research reached back over a thousand years.
Boris Worm says the findings are, in his words, “beyond anything we suspected.”But he also said the situation is not too late to core. He said that with good fisheries management, some species could completely recover in three to ten years.
1. The two underlined words “their” in the first paragraph most probably mean .| A．researchers' | B．fisherman's |
| C．sea foods' | D．the oceans' |
| A．All the scientists don't believe that all seafood species will disappearing very soon |
| B．Most government officials disagree to the seafood-disappearing research |
| C．Some scientists are doing a good job of protecting fish populations |
| D．It's too late to take any action to improve the situation. |
| A．Some people are doing a good job of protecting fish populations |
| B．Overfishing is one of the causes for the loss of seafood species |
| C．things are getting worse though efforts can be made |
| D．some more species will come into being with right measures |
| A．To call on people to protect the ocean environment |
| B．To introduce a study about the disappearing of sea foods |
| C．To report different opinions about the seafood research |
| D．To criticize the present fisheries management |
5 . At the World Economic Forum last month, President Trump drew claps when he announced the United States would respond to the forum's proposal to plant one trillion(万亿) trees to fight climate change. The trillion-tree idea won wide attention last summer after a study published in the journal Science concluded that planting so many trees was “the most effective climate change solution to date”.
If only it were true. But it isn't. Planting trees would slow down the planet's warming, but the only thing that will save us and future generations from paying a huge price in dollars, lives and damage to nature is rapid and considerable reductions in carbon release from fossil fuels, to net zero by 2050.
Focusing on trees as the big solution to climate change is a dangerous diversion(偏离). Worse still, it takes attention away from those responsible for the carbon release that are pushing us toward disaster. For example, in the Netherlands, you can pay Shell an additional 1 euro cent for each liter of regular gasoline you put in your tank, to plant trees to balance the carbon release from your driving. That's clearly no more than disaster slightly delayed. The only way to stop this planet from overheating is through political, economic, technological and social solutions that end the use of fossil fuels.
There is no way that planting trees, even across a global area the size of the United States, can absorb the huge amounts of fossil carbon released from industrial societies. Trees do take up carbon from the atmosphere as they grow. But this uptake merely replaces carbon lost when forests were cleared in the first place, usually long ago. Regrowing forests where they once grew can undo some damage done in the past, but even a trillion trees can't store enough carbon to head off dramatic climate changes this century.
In a sharp counter argument to last summer's Paper in Science, Justin Gillis wrote in the same journal in October that the study's findings were inconsistent with the dynamics of the global carbon cycle. He warned that “the claim that global tree restoration(复原) is our most effective climate solution is simply scientifically incorrect and dangerously misleading”.
1. What do we know about the trillion-tree idea?| A．It was published in a journal. |
| B．It was proposed last summer. |
| C．It was put forward by Trump. |
| D．It drew lots of public attention. |
| A．A drawback of the tree planting strategy. |
| B．An example of balancing carbon release. |
| C．An anecdote of making a purchase at Shell. |
| D．A responsibility for politicians and economists. |
| A．Indifferent. | B．Opposed. |
| C．Hesitant. | D．Supportive. |
| A．Contradictory Ideas on Tree Planting. |
| B．A Trillion Trees Come to the Rescue. |
| C．Planting Trees Won't Save the World. |
| D．The Best Solution to Climate Change. |
1.介绍plogging；
2.开展plogging的好处
3.发出倡议。
注意：1.词数80词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词汇：瑞典人 the Swedish
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7 . We're so attached to plastic, but we're careless consumers. Waste plastic is entering our ecosystems and food chains with untold consequences. Cleaning up our polluted world of plastic may seem a noble, but thankless task. However, some people are seeing economic opportunity in the mission.
Plastic Bank, a social enterprise from Canada, is monetizing plastic recycling while empowering those most affected by the waste. It works to prevent waste plastic from entering oceans by encouraging people in developing countries to collect plastic from their communities in exchange for cash, food, clean water or school tuition for their children. After collection, plastic is weighed, sorted, chipped, melted into balls and sold on as“raw material”to be made into everything from bottles for cleaning products to clothing.
“I saw in large quantities; I saw an opportunity,”CEO David Katz told the audience at the Sustainable Brands Oceans conference in Porto, Portugal on November 14.“We reveal the value in this material,”he added.
Plastic Bank was founded in 2013 and launched on the ground operations in 2014 in Haiti, the poorest country in the Western, Hemisphere, where close to 60% of the population live under the poverty line. As result of poor waste disposal and recycling infrastructure (基础设施)，plastic waste enters rivers or is burned and poses the health threats to the local residents.
The company says i has over 2,000 collectors working in the country, with its full- time collectors on average 63% above the poverty line thanks to the income they make from the project. Through its app based payment system, many collectors now have bank accounts for the first time, and are able to ultimately escape ultra poverty.
“Nothing we're doing is against the laws of physics,”said Katz. “All the technology exists for us to solve and save the world. It's only creative thought.”
1. What is Plastic Bank aimed to do?| A．Test out creative ideas. |
| B．Discover new material. |
| C．Promote plastic recycling. |
| D．Stop people using plastic. |
| A．Purchasing- collecting—recycling. |
| B．Exchanging collecting—purchasing. |
| C．Collecting- exchanging—reproducing. |
| D．Persuading consuming—reproducing. |
| A．Haiti attaches great importance to recycling. |
| B．Many locals benefit greatly from the project. |
| C．Collecting is an efficient way to recycle waste. |
| D．The project has solved unemployment in Haiti: |
| A．Companies stand to ban plastic consumption |
| B．Technology finds its way to kick off poverty |
| C．David Katz speaks at the conference in Porto |
| D．Plastic Bank is fighting against plastic waste |
8 . While the human world is suffering from the novel coronavirus outbreak, our planet is actually showing certain signs of “recovery” from the damage caused by human activity. According to the BBC, new satellite images released by the European Space Agency showed that levels of air pollutants and greenhouse gases have “fallen sharply” in major cities in Europe and the United States ever since the lockdown started.
This is what happened after recent discoveries in Antarctica. An international team of 89 scientists found that the ice in Greenland and Antarctica is melting six times faster in the 2010s than it was in the 1990s. And in February, Argentina’s Marambio research station in Antarctica recorded a record high temperature of 20.75 ℃ on the continent.
So what exactly will happen if the temperature keeps rising and the ice keeps melting? A third study might give you an idea. A team of scientists drilled a hole into the seafloor in west Antarctica and extracted (提取) material from underground, in which they found traces of roots, spores and pollen—typical products of a rainforest—that dated back 90 million years ago. In other words, Antarctica was very likely a rainforest back when the dinosaurs walked on Earth. But given the fact that the South Pole has four months of darkness during winter—even millions of years ago—scientists believe that the rainforest could only exist if the greenhouse gas concentrations were extremely high back then to keep the continent warm when there was little or no sunlight.
“We didn’t know that this Cretaceous (白垩纪的) greenhouse climate was that extreme,” Johann Klages of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and a co-author of the research told the Guardian. “It shows us what carbon dioxide is able to do.”
Ice or no ice, Antarctica will be—and has always been—fine with extreme changes. The human world, however, may not be.
Now, during the coronavirus lockdown, we’ve seen the changes resulting from less human activity. Hopefully, we’ll hold on to those changes—not for Antarctica or the planet, but for ourselves.
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?| A．Our planet is returning to its original state due to the novel coronavirus outbreak. |
| B．The lockdown of major cities contributed to the decrease of greenhouse gases. |
| C．The novel coronavirus has a positive effect on the human beings. |
| D．The novel coronavirus outbreak resulted from human activity. |
| A．Typical products of a rainforest were dug out in Antarctica. |
| B．Traces of dinosaurs living in rainforests were spotted in Antarctica. |
| C．There was a good possibility of high greenhouse gas concentrations in Antarctica. |
| D．There used to be enough sunlight for the rainforest in the Cretaceous Antarctica. |
| A．Human activity doesn’t threaten life in Antarctica. |
| B．The ice in Antarctica is melting faster in the 2010s than now. |
| C．We should reduce carbon dioxide emissions for our own sake. |
| D．The lockdown can be carried on to slow down global warming. |
| A．To encourage us to defeat the novel coronavirus. |
| B．To explain the effects of greenhouse gases. |
| C．To draw our attention to ecosystem in Antarctica. |
| D．To call on us to reduce human impact on the environment. |
9 . Climate change leads to a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognizable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀).
Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analyzed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher seas and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors-like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach’s health. The study found that sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat-trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be.
It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising seas and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.
However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches. If the world’s governments are able to stick to modest cuts to heat-trapping gas pollution, the researchers found that 22%of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented, a number that grows to 40%by 2100 if greenhouse gases are limited.
1. Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion?| A．Damaging storms. | B．Wave erosion. |
| C．Coastal building. | D．Sea level rise. |
| A．It is hard to protect coastal beaches. |
| B．One third of storms take place near beaches. |
| C．Beaches are of great significance to our lives. |
| D．Most Australians live on beach tourism. |
| A．Popularizing the beaches. |
| B．Holding sand in place. |
| C．Reducing the project costs. |
| D．Stopping global warming. |
| A．Half beaches could disappear by 2100. |
| B．Climate change is doing harm to our lives. |
| C．The beach is more than a vacation destination. |
| D．Governments are taking action to fight wave erosion. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was walking around the park while I saw some rubbishes left on the ground. People just walk by as if they had not seen it. I thought I would do something differently. I picked up and put it into a nearby dustbin. I was felt nice because I saw someone else doing a same thing as I had just done. I thought my kindness had affected him. Saving the Earth is save us humans. It is a good lesson what we should learn in life and together we can make the Earth a good place to live one step at a time.
