1 . Many people regard sharks as dangerous monsters. But human beings cause a far greater danger to them than they do to us. Although shark attacks do occur, they are quite rare. According to a survey, however, humans kill 100 million sharks every year.
Why should we save the sharks?
Sharks take up the top position on the food chain in the ocean. As sharks die off, the population of the animals that sharks eat will increase. This, in turn, means that the number of the creatures those animals eat will drop.
Don’t use shark products
First, vitamin energy drinks and leather goods can be made from shark parts.
Shark fin soup is a popular dish. However, the process of getting fins is cruel. Fishermen cut the shark’s fins off and then throw the shark back into the water, still alive.
A.Actually, the killing of sharks will affect the whole planet. |
B.Shark oil is also used in many popular beauty products. |
C.Then the shark dies slowly, sometimes over several days. |
D.It is time for children to learn about sharks. |
E.People in some countries are especially keen on shark products. |
F.This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out. |
G.Among them are some sea fish that humans eat every day. |
2 . Scientists have recently developed a method to 3D-print greener buildings using local soil that they say has the potential to revolutionize the construction industry.
Sarbajit Banerjee, a professor of chemistry and materials science and engineering at Texas A & M University, said 3D printing was extensively used and allowed them to print entire architectural facades (正面), although getting such structures to meet existing building regulations remained a significant challenge.
Concrete remains the primary material used in many construction projects but it cannot be recycled and requires a lot of energy to mix and transport. The research team’s aim is to print structures using the type of soil that can be found in any garden.
“While the widespread use of concrete has made housing accessible and enabled the growth of cities, this has come at a considerable environmental cost,” said Banerjee.
The move to 3D-print concrete threatens to worsen this problem. However, we imagine a new example of construction that uses naturally sourced materials. Using such materials will further pave the way for building designs that are specifically adapted to the needs of the local climate.
What’s more, the use of local materials would reduce the need to transport concrete long distances, further reducing the environmental impact of the buildings.
The research team’s plan to replace concrete with the earth beneath our feet depends on their ability to improve the soil’s ability to stand the weight of the whole house, to which Banerjee said “they are making excellent progress”.
Once they have a clearer idea of the limits of the technology, Banerjee and his team plan to further investigate how it might allow for building on other planets. For instance, they have worked on addressing the problem of building all-weather roads in the subarctic (亚北极区). They hope the technology could one day be used beyond Earth, to create settlements on the moon or even Mars.
1. What’s the latest development in construction?A.Recycling concrete. |
B.Reducing the construction cost. |
C.3D-printing buildings from local soil. |
D.Changing the construction regulations. |
A.It reduces the need of long-distance transportation of concrete. |
B.It helps to design buildings adjusted to the local climate. |
C.It contributes to the development of housing and cities. |
D.It places less burden on the environment. |
A.The local climate. | B.The cost of transportation. |
C.The environmental footprint. | D.The soil’s weight-bearing ability. |
A.The prospect of further studies. | B.The explorations of the subarctic. |
C.The limits of the new technology. | D.The barrier to building on other planets. |
1. 目前地球面临的问题;
2. 针对问题提出建议;
3. 发出号召。
注意:词数80左右,可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:沙尘暴dust storm;警钟alarm;破坏森林deforest;可持续的sustainable
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4 . In 1985, Charlie Burrell inherited(继承)a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3, 500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife, Isabella Tree, were all set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn’t suitable for growing crops anymore.
So, in 2001, the couple decided to try something else—an experiment in “rewilding”, or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.
In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.
Now it’s home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the UK over the last few decades!
“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here,”Isabella said. “It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.
What’s more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.
What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it’s a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.
1. What did the couple do with the land?A.They planted trees on it. |
B.They raised animals on it. |
C.They restored it to its natural state. |
D.They transformed it into a traditional farm. |
A.To show the popularity of the farm. |
B.To highlight the success of the farm. |
C.To stress the difficulties she overcame. |
D.To explain the new trend in wildlife protection. |
A.Selling tents to tourists. |
B.Selling what they grow on the land. |
C.Killing animals and selling the meat. |
D.Drawing rare animals and selling the pictures. |
A.They have creative ideas. |
B.They succeed through hard labor. |
C.They are too lazy to manage a farm. |
D.They care more about money than the ecosystem. |
要求:80单词左右,不要出现个人的真实姓名和学校信息。
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6 . It’s important to learn about protecting our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us:
1. Reduce
If you want to reduce waste, you should use things wisely. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses a little paper carelessly and throws it out, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don’t know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste.
2. Reuse
You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them out. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
3. Recycle
Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so, we save lots of time and money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat and melted and the metal things are made for new coke cans.
4. Recover
When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten apples, you have two choices: one is to throw the whole apples away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and use the good parts. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.
5. Repair
If one of the legs of your table is broken, you can repair it. If you want to change for better ones, it is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after doing some repair. It is true that North America is a “throw-away” society, but the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best.
1. The “Reduce” rule mainly requires us ______.A.to use things wisely | B.to cut down many trees |
C.to use a lot of paper | D.to throw away your old clothes |
a. collect the used cans b. melt them c. smash them flat d. send them to a factory
A.a b c d | B.a d c b | C.d b c a | D.c a b d |
A.to throw waste things away | B.to cover waste things with earth |
C.to get back the useful parts | D.to throw the whole things away |
A.Throwing them away. | B.Repairing them. |
C.Selling them. | D.Putting them away. |
7 . A method to transform a commonly thrown-away plastic to a resin (树脂) used in 3D printing could allow for making better use of plastic waste. A team of Washington State University researchers developed a simple and efficient way to transform polylactic acid (PLA)(聚乳酸), a bio-based plastic used in products such as filament, plastic silverware and food packaging to a high-quality resin.
“We found a way to immediately turn this into something that’s stronger and better, and we hope that will provide people the inspiration to upcycle this stuff instead of just throw it away,” said Yu-Chung Chang, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering and a co-corresponding author on the work. “We made stronger materials just straight out of trash. We believe this could be a great opportunity.”
Although it’s bio-based, PLA, which is categorized as a number 7 plastic, doesn’t break down easily. It can float in fresh or salt water for a year without degrading (降解). It is also rarely recycled because like many plastics, when it’s melted down and re-formed, it doesn’t perform as well as the original version and becomes less valuable.
“It’s biodegradable and compostable, but once you look into it, it turns out that it can take up to 100 years for it to rot away in a landfill,” Chang said. “In reality, it still creates a lot of pollution. We want to make sure that when we do start producing PLA on the milliontons scale, we will know how to deal with it.”
While the researchers focused on PLA for the study, they hope to apply the work to poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) (涤纶树脂), which is more common than PLA and has a similar chemical structure and presents a bigger waste problem. They have filed a temporary patent and are working to further optimize (优化) the process. The researchers are also looking into other applications for the upcycling method.
1. What can the method help do according to paragraph 1?A.Solve financial crisis. | B.Change waste into wealth. |
C.Control plastic production. | D.Determine 3D printing skills. |
A.Promising. | B.Unrealistic. | C.Imaginable. | D.Reliable. |
A.Invaluable to recycle. | B.Easy to deal with. |
C.Hard to break down. | D.Difficult to sort out. |
A.Applications for an upcylcing method. |
B.A better method to break down plastic. |
C.3D printing with newly found materials. |
D.A new way to turn plastic into valuable products. |
8 . For an industry that thrives (蓬勃发展) on creativity, fashion has been slow to introduce new ideas to reduce its distinctly uncool environmental footprint.
On all three fronts in the planetary crisis — climate change, nature loss and waste—manufacturers and retailers (零售商) of clothing could, and must, do better. Their carbon emissions are huge, thirst for raw materials is unsustainable and waste management systems are rubbish. As just one example, every year we send 350,000 tonnes of clothing to landfill in the UK.
There are growing pockets of green creativity in the industry, but for the most part high-street brands seem to double down on the “fast fashion” business model.
We as consumers must also shoulder a large part of the blame, gladly stuffing our cupboards with cheap, bad and unsustainably produced clothes to be worn a few times and then thrown away. Most people on Earth participate in this wasteful cycle, helping to make clothing one of the most environmentally destructive industries.
Unlike some other damaging consumer choices, such as buying animal products, it isn’t really possible to simply choose out of clothes shopping. But of course there are ways of consuming that are less harmful. If patterns of demand change, such as changing to brands that run buy-back schemes for unwanted clothing, the industry will respond. More powerfully, we can simply choose to wear our clothes for longer. Keeping an article of clothing for an extra year can cut its environmental footprint by 30 per cent.
That, of course, requires a change in our mindsets. But such things can and do happen. A few years ago, plant-based diets were the choice of the unconventional few. Now they are commonplace.
We need the same revolution to happen when it comes to clothing choices. Here’s a make-do-and-mend mindset becoming mainstream—and even fashionable.
1. What’s the author’s attitude to the carbon footprint of the fashion industry?A.Satisfied. | B.Negative. |
C.Indifferent. | D.Favorable. |
A.Stop shopping for new clothes. | B.Making old clothes last longer. |
C.Throwing out your unwanted clothes. | D.Buying expensive and designer clothes. |
A.He is an advocate of plant-based diets. |
B.Plant-based diets are increasingly popular. |
C.Plant-based diets are environmentally friendly. |
D.He wants to stress it’s possible to change mindsets. |
A.Make Do and Mend | B.Personal Clothing Choices |
C.The Future of Fashion Industry | D.Reduce Carbon Emissions |
9 . Colourful felt (毛毡) flowers have been “planted” at different street corners throughout Guangzhou by young local sculptor (雕塑家) Luo Shengtian. Starting as a graduation project in April, his efforts have now become a group activity in both China and Europe.
Luo said he always wanted to repair the city’s “scars”, such as damaged walls or stone stairs by art. Luo mentioned that these colourful felt plants are like a “beautiful warning” to people as they walk by, reminding them to be aware of these damaged street corners.
Within one month, Luo “planted” more than 20 flowers in his community. These flowers attracted more than 300 volunteers to join a WeChat group to spread the repair tasks to other places such as Beijing and Fuzhou. “The meaning of the project is to bring art into people’s everyday lives. Sculptures or other works of fine arts are no longer just an idea in the air,” Luo noted. Following the increase of volunteers, it even spread to European cities such as Venice, and Paris.
Luo shared an interesting story in Venice, where one of his fans “planted” a felt flower to see how people would respond to the project. The flower was picked up by someone only a day after it appeared in public, but later three new ones were “planted” by a mysterious person overnight. “I was touched by that. Such an artistic focus on our living environment seems to be shared by global creators,” Luo said.
Luo is not the only young creator in the city to focus on creatively renewing people’s everyday experiences. More similar projects have been launched, showing younger generations’ care and social responsibility.
1. Why does Luo Shengtian “plant” felt flowers in Guangzhou?A.To protect the flowers. | B.To fix broken walls. |
C.To start a group activity. | D.To warn people in streets. |
A.Hard stones. | B.Waste buildings. | C.Strange shapes. | D.Wounded surfaces. |
A.Luo created 300 volunteer groups. | B.Luo “planted” 20 flowers in Beijing. |
C.The project’s influence spread abroad. | D.The project made art appear in the air. |
A.To show the art works’ acceptance in Italy. | B.To praise a kind stranger who spread the idea. |
C.To test if people value their living environment. | D.To state the flowers have been widely “planted”. |
A.Felt Flowers Beautify Old Cities | B.Luo Shengtian, a Gifted Sculptor |
C.A Beautiful Warning from Flowers | D.A Project Famous in European Countries |
10 . Some yogurt containers in your grocery store might be looking a little different soon. Pure Dairy yogurt will be sold in cups made mostly of paper. Pure Dairy is a food company which specializes in making yogurt which is often sold in plastic containers. But plastic, unlike paper, can take hundreds of years to break down, leading to long-lasting waste. Now, Pure Dairy’s first-ever paper cups will replace the plastic cups previously used to hold its yogurt products.
“People have been asking for a paper cup, and we welcome this challenge to start reducing our plastic use, and to spark a conversation about how we can drive change together. I think we all have a role to play in protecting our planet.” said Hamdi Ulukaya, Pure Dairy’s founder and chief executive officer.
Pure Dairy currently produces yogurt, creamers, coffee and plant-based drinks. Many of these products already come in paper-based, recyclable packaging. But its yogurt products had always been sold in plastic. That’s why the company has spent the past two years working to create a paper cup. They wanted it to hold yogurt just as well as the plastic cups do. The paper cup is expected to hit grocery shelves at the end of this year, which is 80 percent paperboard made from renewable materials.
The new paper cup still has a thin plastic lining to maintain the quality of the product and prevent the yogurt from seeping into the packaging. Although packaging with mixed materials is often not recyclable, Pure Dairy will continue working with partners to make it happen. This group works with businesses to make their products and packaging more sustainable, meaning they want to use resources so that they will continue to be available in the future. The yogurt company says it hopes to put more sustainable packaging on shelves all over the country which will use less plastic and more paper.
1. Why will the company sell yogurt in paper containers?A.To reduce waste. | B.To create a new packaging. |
C.To recycle the plastic containers. | D.To specialize in making paper cups. |
A.Share. | B.Continue. | C.Dominate. | D.Activate. |
A.It can be recyclable. | B.It is made of plastic and paper. |
C.It doesn’t satisfy the public’s demands. | D.It is not the joint effort of the companies. |
A.Paper cups may replace the plastic cups. | B.A lot of paper products will be available. |
C.A renewable material will replace yogurt. | D.The company hopes to produce more packaging. |