1 . Two-thirds of the world’s major rivers have now been disrupted (中断) with more than 50,000 dams in an attempt to store water and provide power. In the US, there are more than 85,000 dams, disrupting large and small rivers and in most cases transforming natural flow. The most famous of these, the Hoover Dam constructed in the 1930’s, is mainly responsible for the fact that the Colorado River no longer reaches the ocean.

Dams, besides all their attractive benefits, also have negative impacts. Creating a reservoir (水库) means a large area must be flooded. Communities may lose their land houses and cultural relies (遗址). Down stream of a dam, the flow may be reduced so that farmers cannot irrigate their fields.

Environmentally, the new reservoir can be a paradise for wildlife especially birds. However, it can cause greenhouse gas emissions (排放) and poison the water for fish. Also, the dramatic rise and fall of water levels during dam releases is too extreme for plants and animals to cope with, resulting in dead zones around the shores of reservoirs. Fish that lay their eggs in the shallows, for example, may find a few hours later that those sites are high and dry.

Dams don't just block water flow. The flow may be reduced so that farmers will have great trouble getting water for their fields. They also prevent fish migrations and are a barrier to sediment(沉淀物) flows. Instead of rushing downriver, sediments get backed up against the dam wall, which causes the reservoir level to increase over time. However, sediments which are rich in nutrients have become a problem. The fertility of the entire system can be influenced be influenced by soils lost during seasonal rains, not being replaced.

Perhaps the biggest problem can be seen in deltas (三角洲), often host to large cities, which are sinking into the oceans. Groundwater is being extracted to feed the city, causing the urban weight to sink and sediments washed away by the ocean are no longer being replaced. The result is that sea level rises in cities from Shanghai to Alexandria.

1. What effects does creating a reservoir have on people's life?
a. People will see fewer birds near the rivers.
b. Farmers below the dam may have less water to irrigate their fields.
c. Visitors can't see some cultural relics anymore.
d. More conflicts and wars over water will break out.
e. All kinds of fish will become extinct in the future.

A．b c	B．c e
C．b e	D．a d

2. With many dams built across rivers, fish will     .

A．find more places to lay their eggs

B．face a more dangerous living habitat

C．feed on more sediments rich in nutrients

D．find it easier to deal with the rise of water

3. How can dams influence the cities like Shanghai?

A．The rainy season will last longer

B．Rich soils will be washed away

C．Their entire system will be influenced

D．They will lie below sea level in the future

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Economic gain of dams	B．Cultural loss of dams
C．Environmental benefits of dams	D．Environmental loss of dams

2 . With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save these in a dangerous situation. That's a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called "Noah's Ark".
Noah's Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of these animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M's College of Veterinary, Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will probably become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years. This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal. The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete. "The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, but the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem," Kraemer believes. "They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it's difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort," adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A&M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
"They are trying to do something that's never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah's Ark. We're both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there's a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. The cooperation between us is very much needed."
1. The final aim of "Noah's Ark" project is to ___________.

A．make efforts to clone the endangered pandas

B．save endangered animals from dying out

C．collect DNA of endangered animals to study

D．transfer the nuclear of one animal to another

2. According to Professor Kraemer, ___________.

A．the long time lasting cloning research could be successful.

B．the eggs transfers immediately result in having a baby.

C．the lack of nuclear transfer could be a major problem to have new pandas.

D．if species should die out, basic building blocks would heal them.

3. The best title for the passage may be ________.

A．China's Success in Pandas Cloning

B．Helping Ways to Avoid Extinction

C．Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas

D．The Practice in Noah's Ark

4. From passage we know that ________.

A．Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a panda

B．scientists try to implant a panda's egg into a rabbit

C．Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches

D．about two thousand species are to die out in a century

3 . How green are you? Do you know how to be green?

We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it is harmful to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. Here are some ideas for you.

Reduce

Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary. Maybe the old one is still useful.

Reuse

Reuse means “use again”. When we buy things, make sure that they can last a long time. When something is broken, we should repair it instead of throwing it away and buying a new one. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china (瓷) cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.

Recycle

Recycle means “change things into something else”. Though it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them.

So please remember these words: reduce, reuse and recycle.

1. What is the passage about?

A．How to produce things.	B．How to burn things.
C．How to be green.	D．How to help others.

2. Which of the following is right?

A．Always throw away old things.

B．Don’t waste things.

C．Always buy new things.

D．Never buy new things.

3. It is better to use a china cup and a lunch box because we can 　　　them.

A．reuse	B．reduce
C．repair	D．recycle

4. The passage may come from a 　　　.

A．menu	B．dictionary
C．storybook	D．magazine

5 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does the conversation focus on?

A．Environment protection.

B．Public transportation.

C．A birthday party.

2. How does the woman usually go to work?

A．By bus.

B．By car.

C．By bike.

9 . If you spent years training to be a lawyer and had a great steady income, would you leave it to undertake a harebrained（轻率的） plan that only your mum and girlfriend believed in? That’s exactly what Tom Pakenham did.

He had the idea of starting an eco-friendly taxi company and so with five environmentally friendly cars Green Tomato Cars was born. Now, only a few years later, the company has a group of 60 Toyota Prius Hybrids.

When the company started in 2006 Tom says, “ Only my mum, girlfriend Sophie, now my wife, and Jonny ( his business partner ) were 100 percent behind the idea of starting London’s first cab service. ”

Tom, who sold his￡150,000 flat to raise money for the business, received the support of some well-known persons, Buckingham Palace officials and BSkyB managers．Even Al Gore is a fan.

Currently carrying 500-600 passengers a day, Green Tomato Cars is a shining example that commercial（商业的）success and green issues are compatible.

“All our drivers and employees are employed from the local community. We use local garages, service agents and vehicle sign-writers even though that is not always the most competitive choice. The reason is that to bring green products to the fore we believe we must not be worse than conventional（传统的）taxis. The target is to be recognized as No.1 provider of environmental goods and services in London and around the world.”

All their hard work has paid off as The Department for Transport has acknowledged Green Tomato Cars progress by giving them the Fleet Hero Award and last year the company was highlighted at the WTM World Responsible Tourism Day.

Pleased with the publicity, Tom says, “ I like to think we are playing our part with the cars switching to electricity. Carbon dioxide reductions of more than 600 tons have been achieved and this low footprint has sparked（触发）a revolution in the taxi world.

1. The underlined word “compatible” probably means ________.

A．only a dream

B．necessary

C．able to exist together

D．within easy reach

2. Tom started the eco-friendly company in order to ________.

A．earn more money to protect the environment

B．encourage more people to protect the environment

C．solve unemployment of the local community

D．set up No.1 provider of environmental goods and services

3. The cars in Green Tomato Cars are powered mainly by ________.

A．electricity

B．petrol

C．gases

D．solar energy

4. It can be inferred that environmentally-friendly cars ________.

A．can only produce more than 600 tons of carbon dioxide

B．are as good as the other taxis

C．are more expensive to take

D．cost less and make greater profits

10 . What does the woman recycle?

A．Glass.

B．Paper.

C．Plastic.