内容包括：1.时间及地点；2.展览内容和学生收获；3.活动反响。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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2 . The invasive (入侵的) species, also called introduced species or foreign species, is any nonnative species that significantly changes or damages the ecosystem it invades. Such species may arrive in new areas through natural migration, but they are often introduced by the activities of other species. Human activities, such as those involved in global commerce and the pet trade, are considered to be the most common ways in which invasive plants, animals, microbes, and other organisms are transported to new habitats.
Most introduced species do not survive extended periods in new habitats, because they do not possess the necessary adaptations to adjust to the challenges posed by their new surroundings. Some introduced species may become invasive when they possess a built-in competitive advantage over native species in invaded areas. They change native food chains and in some cases even get to the top of the food chains, which means the ecosystem lacks natural enemy capable of keeping them in check. Under these circumstances, new arrivals can get the chance to reproduce in large numbers.
The ecological damage that tends to follow such invasions often reduces the ecosystem’s biodiversity and causes economic harm to people who depend on the ecosystem’s biological resources. Invasive species may be so good at catching preys that victim populations decline over time, and many victim species die out in the affected ecosystem. Other invasive species, in contrast, may prevent native species from obtaining food, living space, or other resources. Over time, invasive species can effectively replace native ones, often forcing the localized extinction of many native species. Invasive plants and animals may also serve as disease carriers that spread parasites (寄生虫) and viruses that may further do harm to the invaded area.
1. How do introduced species mainly travel to a new place?| A．Through natural reproduction. | B．Through natural migration. |
| C．Through human activities. | D．Though social interactions. |
| A．They become extinct worldwide. | B．They survive from any challenges. |
| C．They dominate the new world. | D．They die off in a short period. |
| A．Creatures that are hunted and eaten. |
| B．Species that die out in a new place. |
| C．Species at the top of food chains. |
| D．Creatures at the bottom of food chains. |
| A．Invasive Species Around the World |
| B．Invasive Species and Their Impact |
| C．The Ways Invasive Species Spread |
| D．The Classification of Introduced Species |
1. 活动目的；
2. 提出建议；
3. 发出呼吁。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
Dear students,
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The Student Union
4 . Scientists say a huge percentage of bird species are in danger because their habitats, or homelands, are disappearing.
Traditional migration paths take birds through countries that are not protecting the places for birds to stop, rest and feed. The scientists studied the migration or flight paths of almost 1,500 species. They decided that 91 percent of them passed through dangerous areas.
The major danger for migratory birds is development. Buildings and pavements have covered the places where birds stop and feed as they move from one part of the world to another. One of the scientists who worked on the study says “Many of these important places have been lost to land reclamation because of urban, industrial and agricultural land expansion”.
The problem, according to scientists, is that many of these small birds die along their migration paths because they don’t have a safe place to feed and rest. There is no place to restore their energy for the next part of their journey. Countries in North Africa, Central Asia and those along the coasts of East Asia are having the most difficult time in protecting land. The scientists say these countries do not have enough areas that are safe for birds. One species that doesn’t exist now is the Eskimo curlew. “Our world gets poorer every time we lose a species,” one of the scientists says.
The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopping areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might die.
One scientist who is not connected with the report tells Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing, more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds.
He says small changes, like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of the areas birds would be likely to use, could make a big difference.
1. What mainly caused the disappearing of birds’ habitats?| A．The decrease of awareness to protect birds. | B．Natural disasters. |
| C．Overuse of land by human beings. | D．The rising sea level. |
| A．Tiredness and hunger. | B．Beast attack on the ground. |
| C．Hunting of humans. | D．The long journey. |
| A．By keeping fewer cats or dogs. |
| B．By restoring their destroyed habitats. |
| C．By helping change the birds’ migration paths. |
| D．By preserving the ecological environments on their migration paths. |
| A．To call on people to protect the birds’ habitats. |
| B．To analyze the reasons for disappearing of birds’ habitats. |
| C．To offer some solutions to the problem of birds’ habitats. |
| D．To tell us a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. |
Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii is a nonprofit organization devoted to
“We grew from eight to twelve, and now we have over 35,000 volunteers,” Caitlyn McCall,
The nonprofit’s office
The next step for the program is
Sustainable Coastlines Hawaii also hosts free cleanups for schools. “Climate change is a concerning subject for young people,” McCall said. “We want to equip students
6 . We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea. Suddenly, she is pulled underwater. She surfaces, cries in fear, then disappears forever. This is the opening scene from the 1975film Jaws, showing a shark attack. It was a great success, attracting huge audiences and winning many awards. It also strengthened people’s long-held idea of the great white shark.
People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were dangerous animals that ate humans. Some started fishing for sharks, killing as many as they could. At that time, nobody cared if sharks were killed, or how many were killed.
After 1975, the number of large sharks fell quickly. This was not only due to fear of sharks, but also finning. Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins(鳍) cut off to be used in shark fin soup. Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley, the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. In 1980, Benchley came across an awful sight in an area where fishermen were finning, leaving the sea floor covered with dead sharks. Benchley saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him. He came to see people as a danger to sharks, rather than the other way round. From that day on, he fought to protect sharks. He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behavior. “Sharks don’t target humans,” he said.
Fortunately, not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them. Today, as we learn more about sharks, more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.
1. The passage begins with a scene of the film Jaws to ________.| A．introduce the topic of sharks | B．show the success of the film |
| C．describe how evil the shark is | D．attract people to watch the film |
| A．Sharks were believed to be endangered animals. |
| B．Sharks wouldn’t have been killed without the film Jaws. |
| C．People had no idea how scary sharks were if not for the film. |
| D．Misunderstanding towards sharks was deepened due to the film. |
| A．He became more interested in shark movies. |
| B．He no longer saw sharks as a threat to humans. |
| C．He decided to protect sharks by rewriting his book. |
| D．He admitted being responsible for the deaths of sharks. |
| A．Hopeful. | B．Unsure. | C．Mixed. | D．Unconcerned. |
7 . Efforts to preserve the Amazon rainforest, which supports immense biodiversity and locks away tons of climate threatening carbon, are growing more urgent as the ecosystem’s destruction speeds up. Indigenous (当地的) peoples have been trying to protect the region by patrolling (巡逻) their territorial boundaries for illegal activities. But rapid deforestation continues.
A recent study shows that combining on-the-ground monitoring with satellite data and smartphone technology could help put the brakes (刹车) on Amazon deforestation —and potentially that of forests elsewhere.
Illegal logging, agriculture and coca cultivation particularly threaten the Amazon in the Peruvian Indigenous communities and outsiders are often the culprits (罪魁祸首). The research team wondered if providing training for local people to use satellite based “early deforestation alerts (警报)” could help. The scientists cooperated with 76 Indigenous communities, 36 of which participated in using these alerts to watch over the forest. Over the next two years these trained participants were paid to work as forest monitors and received monthly alerts via the app when satellite data indicated local forest losses. Monitors investigated alerts, patrolled for deforestation in other areas and reported confirmed tosses back to their communities, which decided whether to deal with the culprits on their own or inform state authorities.
The researchers analyzed the same forest-loss satellite data from the given time period in all 76 communities. They found the early-alert program reduced forest loss by 8.4 hectares in the first two year — a 52% reduction compared with the average loss in the control communities.
Experts say this approach to tackling Amazonian deforestation looks promising. “Would this work in all communities that have high risk of deforestation? Given the results, it’s worth a try,” says Catherine Tucker, a researcher at the University of Florida. “But some communities may not have access to the resources needed for such a program, or their territories may hold valuable minerals that would increase the risk of deforestation by outsiders despite monitoring efforts,” wrote Francisco Hernandez Cayctano, a community member involved in the research, “we as Indigenous peoples ask the world for support.”
1. Why did the research team conduct the program?| A．To stop carbon being locked away. | B．To tackle Amazon deforestation. |
| C．To monitor satellite movement. | D．T control illegal activities. |
| A．By offering locals training in using a smartphone app. |
| B．By combining local monitoring with smartphone alerts. |
| C．By organizing native people to fight against the outsiders. |
| D．By equipping local forest with satellite data and monitors. |
| A．Pessimistic. | B．Objective. | C．Approving. | D．Sympathetic. |
| A．Local Monitors Trained for Forest Loss. | B．Satellite Data Cure Deforestation. |
| C．Outsiders Are to Blame for Forest Loss. | D．Smart Patrol Fights Deforestation. |
8 . In WALL-E, a science fiction movie, a little robot is responsible for cleaning a world covered in garbage; a world where there is no longer room for anything else, not even humans! The film encourages common people, worldwide leaders and businessmen to ask the obvious question: What can be done to prevent something like this happening? For some, microfactories could become the most promising answer.
Veena Sahajwalla, a materials scientist and engineer in Sydney, Australia, has discovered a solution to the challenging waste problem. Her one-stop approach could go beyond the existing recycling processes. Her waste microfactories mainly target electronic waste and plastic, and are essentially small-sized trash processors. These can transform waste into new materials with the help of thermal (热的) technology.
“Using our green manufacturing technologies, these microfactories can transform waste, enabling local businesses and communities to not only solve local waste problems, but to develop a commercial opportunity from the valuable materials that are created,” she explains.
Humans generate 2.01 billion tons of solid waste annually. And as the fastest growing waste stream, roughly 53.6 million tons of e-waste was generated globally by 2019. Despite current efforts, only 17.4 percent of this is known to have been collected and properly recycled. Meanwhile, worldwide e-waste generation is expected to continue to grow, reaching almost 80 million tons by 2030.
Although the most effective solution to the waste challenges would not generate as much trash, Sahajwalla’s microfactories provide hope for all the waste that already exists. Her solution not only attenuates the amount of waste, but it also improves its management and enables new manufacturing opportunities around the new materials created.
WALL-E shows us the best and the worst of what human beings have to offer. It shows where the world is heading unless the human species slows down and stops developing at the current pace. But it also provides hope, showing that we also have a great power to change and improve.
1. What is the purpose of mentioning WALL-E in the first paragraph?| A．To recommend a science fiction movie. | B．To predict what the world will be like. |
| C．To teach people how to ask a question. | D．To lead to the use of microfactories. |
| A．They are essentially enormous trash processors. |
| B．They’re based on the existing recycling processes. |
| C．They’re mainly aimed at electronic waste and plastic. |
| D．They’re likely to exchange waste with news materials. |
| A．Improves. | B．Decreases. | C．Maintains. | D．Calculates. |
| A．Our world will be totally destroyed as is shown in the movie. |
| B．We are capable of turning our direction to a promising future. |
| C．The world is hopeless and we are bound to come to extinction. |
| D．We are developing and thus should quicken our current pace. |
1. 倡议目的；
2. 你的建议；
3. 你的呼吁。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
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10 . Ever been hungry enough to eat a house? Now, you actually could.
Food waste is a big problem in Japan and globally. Japan produced around 5.7 million tons of food waste in 2019. The government plans to reduce that by around 2.7 million tons by 2030. Tokyo University researchers Kota Machida and Yuya Sakai have developed a way to transform food waste into cement (水泥) for construction use and more. This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also eatable.
Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming. As expected, something this unique took years to develop. It took a few attempts to find just the right process. Kota and Yuya created the unique technology while researching possible environment-friendly materials to replace cement-based concrete. Cement production accounts for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide release.
After a few failures, they realized they could get the cement to bind (黏合) by adjusting the temperatures. “The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time. In the experiments, Kota and Yuya have successfully made cement using tea leaves, coffee grounds, cabbage and even lunchbox leftovers.
Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of eatable emergency shelters in disaster ones. “For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement,” he said. To eat the material, a person needs to break it apart and boil it.
1. What’s mainly talked about in paragraph 1 and 2?| A．The functions of this particular cement. |
| B．The effects of food waste in the whole world. |
| C．The characteristics of the newly made cement. |
| D．The process of transforming food waste to cement. |
| A．To handle global climate change. |
| B．To extend concrete’s service life. |
| C．To offer Fabula Inc. more cement. |
| D．To warn how serious food waste is. |
| A．Making sure to make cement tasty. |
| B．Selecting correct food waste timely. |
| C．Getting cement broken apart easily. |
| D．Adjusting the temperatures constantly. |
| A．bendable. | B．commercial. | C．recyclable. | D．temporary. |
