1 . Before you throw your trash into the nearest can, think for a moment. Not all your garbage can be dumped into one trashcan. It needs to be sorted out with different things going into different bins. Waste classification, a practice that has long been normal in developed countries like Japan, is the new challenge for many Chinese urban residents. However, though initially you might need to rack your brains to figure out which trash goes into which can, in the long run, the result is well worth the effort.

Landfills, sites where waste is buried and covered over with soil, are a major method of disposing of residential waste in China. However, considering the environmental disaster associated with burying waste, there is a pressing need to reduce the amount of waste that goes into a landfill. Classification, sorting waste into different categories such as harmful waste, recyclables and kitchen waste, is a key solution.

Currently, 46 cities across China, are carrying out a program that aims to put in place a classification-based garbage disposal system by the end of 2020. It is hoped that this will reduce the quantity of waste that ends up in landfills by a large degree. Shanghai came into the media focus in early July after it carried out compulsory garbage sorting rules that those who fail to dispose of garbage properly should be fined. Beijing is reviewing its regulations to follow in Shanghai’s footsteps. The new rules may cause short-term inconvenience but they are meant to help residents follow the concept of garbage classification for the common good.

As the programs show, residents can gradually develop this habit with their growing consciousness and the help of advanced technology. In future, this practice should be adopted across China, in urban cities and rural areas alike. With public involvement, China’s garbage sorting program will contribute not only to the nation’s sustainable (可持续的) development but also to making the planet a better place to live in.

1. What is the most probable reason for classifying waste？

A．No site for burying waste.	B．People’s habit.
C．Economic cost.	D．Environmental pollution.

2. What is the purpose of the program？

A．To practise waste classification.	B．To protect environment.
C．To save oil for farming.	D．To reduce the quantity of waste.

3. What can be a suitable title for the text？

A．A program adopted across China	B．Shanghai carried out new disposal rules
C．Doing the best with waste	D．Protecting environment is necessary

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it     1    hundreds of years ago,       2     it has brought new problems. One of the    3     (big) is pollution. Pollution comes in many     4     (form). We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious    5     there were not so many people. When the land     6     (use) up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now     7    (slow) polluting the whole world.

Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution       8       (make) us angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules     9       (fight) pollution. They stop people from     10     (burn) coal in houses and the factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.

3 . Environmental pollution kills 1.7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.

The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO.       1     . This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.

    2    The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6.5 million premature, or early deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600,000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.

Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira.     3    And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.

Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.

    4    . The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions：

• Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.

•    5    

• Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.

• Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.

• Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.

A．However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.

B．But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?

C．Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.

D．The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.

E．A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.

F．Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.

G．Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.