2 . The Blue Planet Ⅱ's latest episode focuses on how the plastic is having a destructive effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastics in their stomachs. Indeed, oceans are drowned in plastics.

Though it seems that the world couldn't possibly function without plastics, plastics are a remarkably recent invention. The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s, the same decade when plastic packaging began gaining popularity in the United States. This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is still a very early science.

We put all these plastics into the environment, but we still don't really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. The ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastics in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.

And it's not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. I could understand why some people see the ocean plastic as a disaster, worth being mentioned in the same breath as climate change. But the ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no ocean trash deniers(否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we don't have to remake our planet energy system.

This is not a problem where we don't know what the solution is. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. We can all start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products. Things may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag, but when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference.

1. Why is plastic pollution research still a very early science?

A．The plastics pollution research is too difficult.

B．Plastics have produced less pollution than coal.

C．The world couldn't possibly function without plastics.

D．Plastics have gained popularity too fast for science to catch up with.

2. How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?

A．By citing quotes from leading experts.

B．By making a comparison and contrast.

C．By presenting solid statistics.

D．By listing examples from his own experience.

3. What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．We reap（收获） what we sow.

B．The shortest answer is doing.

C．All things are difficult before they are easy.

D．Actions speak louder than words.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The oceans become choked with plastics.

B．The ocean plastic is a global issue.

C．The Blue Planet Ⅱ Has left viewers heartbroken.

D．Plastics gain popularity all over the world.

3 . More Plastic than Fish in the Oceans by 2050

30 years from now our seas will be containing more plastic than fish．According to a report released by the World Economic Forum, plastic production around the world is expected to double within the next 20 years．    1     By 2050 it will be four．

About 8 million tons of plastic are dumped into the sea every year．    2     Environmentalists estimate that there are about 160 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans today．By 2050 there will be more plastic in the oceans than fish．

    3     In addition it produces a huge garbage patch that floats on the surface, thus putting ships in danger and polluting beautiful beaches around the world．But the plastic that floats in the water is only a fraction of the whole amount．

Plastic is becoming more and more common in our world．    4     However, it is endangering our environment more than any other material．The World Economic Forum calls for more recycling and a better use of plastic．95% of all plastic that is produced is only used once, and then it is thrown away．Almost a third finds its way into our environment．

Oil is the raw material that plastic is made of．Currently, 5% of the world's oil production is turned into plastic．    5    

A．By 2050 it will rise to a fifth．

B．There, it can last for hundreds of years．

C．It has many uses and is cheap to produce．

D．More people have sensed its seriousness．

E．Today, one garbage truck full of plastic gets into the ocean every minute．

F．They were aiming to highlight the global issue of plastic pollution in the oceans．

G．Plastic that turns up in the seas endangers the fish population and other marine animals．

4 . A new report says plastics are responsible for $13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference.    1    

Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways.     2     After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.     3     That means harmful material may get into our food supply.

    4    Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer single use product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also works — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end it after the first use. We could, when we get rid of that plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.

The report also calls on panies to improve methods for using plastics.     5    And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. But all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.

A．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.

B．But people can make a big difference.

C．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.

D．Then, fish may eat the plastics.

E．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.

F．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.

G．The report tells about harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.

5 . A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone(无人机)threatens floating rubbish instead of people.

Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.

According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet(1.5 meters by 1.1 meter)，it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish(159.6 kg)and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.

By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.

"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil，and heavy metals，and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines，"said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."

"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter(周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17,000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23,000 for the autonomous model."

Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.

1. What do we know about the WasteShark?

A．It can frighten sharks away.	B．It is an ocean explorer.
C．It is a rubbish collector.	D．It can catch fish instead of people.

2. What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?

A．The causes of ocean pollution.	B．The dangers of using plastics.
C．The severity of ocean garbage pollution.	D．The importance of ocean protection.

3. What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?

A．Avoid crashing into it.	B．Break it into pieces.
C．Swallow it.	D．Fly over it.

4. Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?

A．The WasteShark should be used more widely.

B．More measures should be taken to make water clean.

C．The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.

D．People should take a positive attitude to new technology.

6 . Microplastics(MPS) are tiny bits or threads of plastic, which are often too small to be seen. The current study shows that MPS are constantly coming down in great numbers, even in remote, protected lands.

The scientists didn't set out to study MPS. Dr. Janice Brahney from Utah State University created the experiment to test her equipment, which was meant to track the way helpful chemicals travel to farms through the air. The experiment used buckets (桶)that opened and closed automatically depending on the weather. This allowed the researchers to separate dust that fell during rain storms from dust that was carried in dry air. These "wet" and "dry" buckets were set up at 11 different protected, remote areas in the western US and checked regularly for over a year.

But when Dr. Brahney and her team began to study the dust they had collected, they got a surprise-MPS. By figuring out how much plastic was falling per square meter, the scientists were able to get a good idea of how much plastic was falling in all of the protected areas in the western US every year. The answer was a shocking 907,185 kilograms,   which is enough plastic to make over 123 million plastic bottles.

MPS have been found in tap waler,   bottled   water, and in sea animals that people eat. Now there is growing proof that we are also breathing MPS all the time. Scientists still don't know how eating or breathing MPS will affect people,   though many of the chemicals from plastics are known to cause health problems. There are concerns that MPS can get stuck in the lungs, where they may lead to long-term problems.

Dr. Brahney says that for these reasons, it’s important to slop producing and using plastic. She points out that much of the dust the scientists collected was too small to lest. Also, she says that the scientists only studied MPS that fell in protected areas in die western US - about 6% of the US land area.

1. How did Dr. Brahney and her team find microplastics?

A．By comparison.

B．By chance.

C．By origin.

D．By design.

2. What wails for scientists to uncover about MPS?

A．How to get MPS' helpful chemicals.	B．How to separate wet and dry MPS.
C．How taking in MPS will affect people.	D．How MPS travel a long distance.

3. What does Dr. Brahney convey about MPS in the last paragraph?

A．Most of them stay in the dust.

B．They fall mainly in the Western US.

C．They'll lead to the end of plastic use.

D．Their actual amount is higher than that tested.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Researchers Arc Observing MPS.	B．People Used to Ignore MPS Problem.
C．MPS Are Traveling all over the World.	D．MPS Rain Down in Protected Lands.

7 . Dealing with water pollution is something that everyone needs to get involved with. Here are a few things you can do to help. You should never throw rubbish away.     1     . If there is none around, please take it home and put it in your trash can, especially at the beach and at the riverside.

Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when it is not in use.     2     . If we all do this, we can significantly prevent water shortages and reduce the amount of dirty water.

Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints or medicines down the toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with the disposal (清除) of medicines and chemicals. And you should buy more environmentally-safe cleaning liquids for use at home and other public places. They are less dangerous to the environment.    3     . If you live close to a water body, try to plant trees and flowers around your home, so that when it rains, chemicals from your home do not easily flow into the water.

    4     . These laws are directed at industries ,hospitals, schools and market areas on how to treat and manage sewage (污水). In many developed cities, waste treatment is very efficient, and designed to reduce pollution of water bodies.

There are also lots of organizations and groups that help educate people on the dangers of water pollution.     5     . They regularly encourage other members of their communities to have a better attitude to towards water.

A．It is a great idea to join these groups

B．Always look for the correct waste bin

C．Use fewer chemicals to clean your home

D．Also, you can reduce the amount of water in washing and bathing

E．Check your local government's laws before you pour the dirty water

F．Many governments have strict laws that help reduce water pollution

G．If you use chemicals for your farms, be careful not to overuse pesticides(杀虫剂)

8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it     1    hundreds of years ago,       2     it has brought new problems. One of the    3     (big) is pollution. Pollution comes in many     4     (form). We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.

Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious    5     there were not so many people. When the land     6     (use) up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now     7    (slow) polluting the whole world.

Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution       8       (make) us angry more easily.

Many countries are making rules     9       (fight) pollution. They stop people from     10     (burn) coal in houses and the factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.

9 . One of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. Rubbish of all kinds is piling up in landfills and polluting our rivers and oceans. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste--electronic items that are broken and not recycled. Now solutions are being found to give this stuff a new life.

Many millions of tons of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded each year, partly because it's cheaper to replace them than fix them, but also because we lack the skills to repair them. A UN report claims the 50 million tons of e-waste generated every year will more than double to 110 million tons by 2050, making it the fastest growing waste stream in the world.

However, there's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. The BBC visited a Restart Project in London, which is one of many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said, “This project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault. ”

As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic gadgets. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining. With phones typically containing as many as 60 elements, this could be part of the solution to our appetite for new technology.

At present, in countries where there is no legislation, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers make appliances longer-lasting and supply spare parts for machines for up 10 years.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The Restart Project founded to get rid of e-waste.

B．The phenomenon of the sharp rise of electronic junk.

C．The damage caused by quantities of things we throw away.

D．Possible solutions to the growing amount of electronic waste.

2. Which word can replace the underlined word “discarded” in paragraph 2?

A．Produced.

B．Promoted.

C．Recycled.

D．Abandoned.

3. What do we know about the Restart Project according to the text?

A．It aims to reduce e-waste by providing repair service.

B．It offers poor people new devices to replace old ones.

C．It is a project recycling electrical and electronic junk.

D．It intends to make great profits by e-waste mining.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A science textbook.	B．An environmental magazine.
C．A research paper.	D．An economic journal.

10 . A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think.Think,and then act.We need to take action on our dependence on plastic.We’ve been producing plastic in huge quantities.Drinking bottles,shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic.    1     What happens to all the rest?This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.

The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet,the blue whale.But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge,thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.    2     In total,they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film.

In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.    3     We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean.The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.

    4     In the second half,the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.

They present short-term and long-term solutions.These include avoiding plastic containers and recycling as much as you can.The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes.

We make a shocking amount of plastic.Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year,and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous,but it isn’t too late to change.    5    

A．This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas.

B．Once you’ve seen the film,you’ll realize it is time to do our part.

C．It has raised public concern all over the world.

D．We live in a world full of plastic,and only a small amount is recycled.

E．But the film doesn’t only present the negative side.

F．In conclusion,we only have one earth to live on.

G．These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish.