1 . The Great Wall, China

Stretching over 21,000 kilometers, the Great Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of more than 2,000 years. UNESCO in February 2019 calls it an absolute masterpiece, not only because of the ambitious character of the undertaking but also the perfection of its construction.”

But perfection isn’t protection. 51.2 percent of the Great Wall had either already disappeared or is at a significant risk of disappearing. Besides for wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, human contact and so on.

Pamukkale，Turkey

Pamukkale, which means “cotton castle” in Turkish, is famous for its shining white calcite terraces (方解石阶地)with warm and mineral-rich waters overrun.

Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities. People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools, some visitors stood on the rocks and some even bathed in the hot springs with soap and shampoo. To protect the terraces, the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Home to 400 types of coral and 1,500 species of fish, the Great Barrier Reef draws visitors to Australia from all over the world.

However, the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer from increasingly frequent bleaching events, cases in which corals turn white and may die, according to a UNESCO report. The heat waves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from industry developments and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.

The Dead Sea, Jordan

At 423 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is 10 times saltier than the ocean, meaning that the water is so dense, even tourists who can9t swim will be able to float.

But the seaside resorts built in the 1980s now sit kilometers away from the water’s edge, which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years. The damage is irreversible due to the nature of the mineral industry and the type of agricultural use that has drained the water.

1. Which are you required to visit without shoes?

A．The Great Wall, China.

B．Pamukkale, Turkey.

C．Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

D．The Dead Sea, Jordan.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A．Main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall come from wind and rain erosion.

B．Pamukkale was damaged by human activities after 1988.

C．Pollution and the heat waves caused by global warming kill much coral in the Great Barrier Reef.

D．Half of the Dead Sea surface area has disappeared in the past two decades.

3. What do the above spots have in common?

A．They are all famous endangered natural spots.

B．They’re damaged only from human activities.

C．They all draw the attention of the governments.

D．They’re all seriously damaged.

2 . Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world’s oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.

Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.

One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker got stuck off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn’t the largest oil spill, the disaster was terrible because it occurred in such a sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker’s captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Many birds and otters died as a result of the oil covering their skin, and many other sea creatures and the animals that fed on them were also severely affected.

1. Which country is NOT among the largest consumers of oil?

A．Japan	B．Iraq
C．America	D．Germany

2. What does the underlined “them” refer to?

A．The birds.	B．The otters.
C．The sea creatures.	D．The birds and the otters.

3. Which of the following statement is true?

A．The oil leak of Alaska is because the captain was unfamiliar with the route.

B．Many birds and otters died from eating the spilled oil.

C．Alaska spill was the most serious spill of all time.

D．Although some oil leak is not serious, it will affect ocean life.

3 . 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are    1    (nature) gas or electric­powered stoves.

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people    2    (suffer) from indoor air pollution at present time, which results from the use of    3    (danger) fuels and cook­stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are    4    (able) to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. As a result, more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Most of the deaths are in    5    (develop) countries, such as India, China and Latin American countries.

WHO officials say opening a window or door    6    (let) out the harmful air will not correct the situation.     7    will only pollute the outdoors. Nigel Bruce,    8    is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool, says researchers are developing good cook­stoves and other equipment to burn fuels    9    a more efficient way. But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use    10    (clean) fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances (用具).

4 . Clean water is not only important for food production, but necessary for our life. However, large numbers of people in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are going without. The World Health Organization reports that almost 4,000 children die each day for dirty water or lack of water.

Agriculture is the primary user of water at 70-85% of fresh water in the world. Industrial uses of water don’t often come to mind, but you may be surprised to know that industry uses 59% of the water supply in developed countries.

Home use takes up only 8% in the world. But as cities grow, the local government has to cut down on water use. Many cities are turning to privatization (私有化) of water as a method of controlling use. The poor are paying as much as a quarter of their monthly income for water in some developing countries.

In 60% of large European cities, groundwater is being used at a faster rate. People are saving water by simply using less and being careful with what they do use. Sometimes it’s as simple as not throwing out water that they could use elsewhere.

In Australia overuse of water has always been a problem. The Australian government has encouraged households and industries to collect rainwater and reuse water from showers. Technology is helping householders for shower and bath water for reuse in toilets or gardens.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has made a water saving program designed to encourage families and businesses to examine their water use and save more water. Good water management has been considered by scientists and the UN as the key to solving the water problem. We can all work together to protect our valuable water in our daily life.

1. In developed countries, most water is used by ______.

A．industry	B．agriculture
C．families	D．businesses

2. To save water, what do Australians and Europeans both choose to do?

A．Find more groundwater.

B．Make good use of rainwater.

C．Encourage people to have fewer showers

D．Recycle water for a second use.

3. According to scientists, to deal with water shortage, the most important is to ______.

A．popularize privatization of water

B．cut down on water use at home

C．have good control over water use

D．introduce water-saving technologies

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Water — the source of all lives

B．Save water, save the world

C．New ways to save water

D．Water and people’s health

5 . Climate change will increase US wildfires,and the smoky air will cause terrible problems in areas far beyond those burned,reports an environmental group Thursday.

Two-thirds of Americans,or nearly 212 million,lived in states suffering from wildfire smoke three years ago,according to the report by the Natural Resources Defense Council(NRDC).These areas,which had smoke for at least a week,were nearly 50 times greater than those burned directly by fire.

“It affects a much wide area of the United States than people have realized.” says author Kim Knowlton,a Columbia University health professor,adding the smoke can move up to hundreds of miles.She says the smoke contains air pollution and can cause several kinds of diseases.

Texas was hit hardest in 2011,when smoke stayed for at least a week in areas that are home to 25 million people,according to NRDC’s report.Illinois,which recorded no wildfires within its borders, came second with nearly 12 million people affected by smoke that moved in from elsewhere.The other eight states with the most people in touch with smoky air were,in descending   order: Florida,Missouri,Georgia,Louisiana,Michigan,Alabama,Oklahoma and Iowa.

Nearly two dozen states had no wildfires within their borders in 2011,but eight of them still had at least one week of smoky air: Illinois,Missouri，Iowa,Kansas,Nebraska,Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio.

Only 18 states and the District of Columbia had no people in touch with at least a week of smoke that year,although five of them—Alaska,California,Hawaii,Nevada and Utah—had a large area burned by wildfires.

The problem will only get worse.Knowlton says.Scientific research shows climate is causing higher temperatures and health problems.

1. We can learn from the first two paragraphs that_______.

A．climate change killed many Americans

B．there are fewer states burned by wildfires

C．every state had wildfire smoke for at least a week

D．most Americans suffered from wildfire smoke 3 year ago

2. Which of the following states had wildfires within its borders in 2011?

A．Iowa.	B．Kansas.
C．Ohio.	D．California.

3. The underlined word “descending” in the fourth paragraph probably means _______.

A．going down	B．coming true
C．looking practical	D．turning back

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Climate change causes more wildfires.

B．Wildfire smoke becomes a serious health problem.

C．More wildfires cause climate changes.

D．Air pollution becomes a terrible problem.

6 . BEIJING, Feb. 26 (China Daily) -- As the smog orange warning continues, tourist attractions in Beijing are experiencing a significant decline (下降) in visitor number.
A new report launched by Beijing authorities on the morning of February 24 indicates that the concentration of PM 2.5 has risen, with no sign of decreasing, the orange warning will still be in effect, according to Xinhua News Agency.
According to data released by the Beijing Tourism Website, by 2:00 pm, February 24, popular tourist attractions including The Great Wall and Palace Museum had been affected by the smog in terms of tourist numbers.
As for the Palace Museum, the number of visitors was only 11,200 that day, far from the figure of 40,000, which is the daily average number of visitors it normally receives.
There were a few visitors in Beihai Park on the morning of February 24, and two visitors from Hebei province planned to end their morning tour earlier than scheduled because of the smog. One of them said, “The visibility is so poor that we can’t take good photos, or even see clearly. We’d better leave early.”
In response to worsening air conditions, travel agencies have also taken some measures to avoid a further decline in tourist numbers. An employee with China Youth Travel Service, Wang Tao, said the agency will inform tourists of the weather conditions at their destinations. A tour guide with China Travel Service also told the media that it was a tour guide’s duty to inform foreign visitors of the smog conditions in Beijing, and the agency will provide free face masks to those in need. But efforts to do so merely treat the symptom rather than the disease itself, because the root cause is air pollution. China will introduce various emergency responses and long-term measures against air pollution. Officials and experts called for combined efforts by governments, industries and the public to cooperate more efficiently and to jointly solve the problem.
1. In the following statements, which one is NOT TRUE?

A．The tourism in Beijing was influenced by the hazy weather.

B．Both the Great Wall and Palace Museum had been affected by the smog.

C．The concentration of PM 2.5 has risen, but it will decrease soon.

D．According to the data released by the Beijing Tourism Website, we can know the information.

2. According to the passage, if the weather is fine, how many visitors will the Palace Museum receive in a week?

A．About 11,200.	B．About 78,400.
C．About 40,000.	D．About 280,000.

3. The most effective way to solve the problem of air pollution is to _______.

A．take some measures of treating the symptom merely

B．unite the power of governments, industries and the public

C．provide free face masks to those in need

D．inform tourists of the weather conditions at their destinations

4. What does the author most probably mean by saying “efforts to do so merely treat the symptom rather than the disease itself” in the last paragraph?

A．These efforts could treat the symptom and the disease.

B．Treating the symptom is more important than the disease.

C．These efforts are not enough to solve the problem thoroughly.

D．These efforts couldn’t treat the disease, so they are unnecessary.

7 . Damage to Ozone layer Gets Worse

In the middle of winter, when snow is falling in many parts of the United States, scientists have sounded a warning to people who plan to spend many hours in the sun this summer. The warning is: The sun’s summertime rays are more dangerous than once thought.

A team of scientists from 80 nations recently reported to the United Nations that a layer of ozone (臭氧层) in the atmosphere, which protects humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation, will be thinner over the United States this summer. The thinner layer allows more ultraviolet rays from the sun to reach Earth. The extra amount of ultraviolet radiation could cause an increase in the number of cases of skin cancer.

Scientists first became concerned about the ozone layer in the mid-1980s when a hole was discovered in the layer above Antarctica during the winter. The hole was caused by chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. When these chemicals are sent out into the atmosphere, they produce gases that destroy the ozone.

Concern about the protective ozone layer rose more recently when data (数据) from satellites and ground stations showed that ozone levels were dropping over areas other than Antarctica. Low ozone levels were recorded in the spring and summer over the United States and over other populated areas in the world.

Although many countries have already begun stopping the use of ozone destroying chemicals, the new findings are expected to advance the timetable for a total ban (禁止) of the chemicals.

1. The scientists have observed the ozone layer ________.

A．since 1980	B．since last winter
C．for more than 30 years	D．for about one year

2. The ozone layer in the atmosphere can ________.

A．do a lot of good to human beings in many ways

B．protect humans from diseases caused by bad weather

C．do a lot of harm to human beings in the summer-time

D．protect humans from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation

3. Scientists first found that there was a hole in the ozone layer ________.

A．above Arctic during the winter in the mid-1980s

B．above Antarctica during the winter in the mid-1980s

C．over somewhere in the north of the equator in 1980

D．over the U.S.A in the summertime in the mid-1980s

4. The damage to the ozone layer was caused by ________.

A．the changeable weather

B．ozone-destroying chemicals

C．chemicals from refrigerators

D．chemicals from air conditioners

8 . 最近一段时间我国多个地方出现雾霾天气，极大地影响了人们的健康与生活。请你以此为话题，写一篇英语短文，向某英文报投稿。文章应包括以下要点：
1.对生活造成的影响；
2.建议采取的措施。
要求：1.词数100左右；

2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：零霾smog

Recently smog has occurred in many areas of China, _____________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

9 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO₂ is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. _______, our world is becoming much smaller.

A．Because of the rise in pollution

B．Thanks to science development

C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night

D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year

2. Hundreds of years ago, life was __________ it is today.

A．much easier than	B．as easy as
C．much harder than	D．as hard as

3. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here “it” means _______.

A．rubbish(垃圾)	B．noise pollution
C．air pollution	D．water pollution

4. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _______.

A．it makes much noise

B．it makes us angry more easily

C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty

D．it’s bad for all living things in the world

5. Which of the following is NOT true?

A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.

B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does.

C．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth.

D．If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2.

10 . Doctors have known for a long time that extremely loud noises can cause hearing damage or loss. The noise can be the sound of a jet airplane or machines in factories of loud music or other common sound at home and at work. A person only needs to hear the noise for little more than one second to be affected.
An American scientist has found that using aspirin (阿斯匹林) increase the temporary (暂时的)hearing loss or damage from loud noise. He did an experiment using a number of students at a university who all had normal hearing. He gave them different amounts of aspirin for different periods of time, then he tested their hearing ability. He found that students who were given four grams of aspirin a day for two days suffered much greater temporary hearing loss than those who did not use aspirin. The hearing loss was about two times as great.
The scientist said millions of persons in the U.S. use much larger amounts of aspirin than were used in his experiment. He said these persons face a serious danger of suffering hearing loss from loud noise.
1. Doctors have long known that__________.

A．one may lose his hearing when he hears a terribly loud noise.

B．one may become deaf when he hears a loud noise.

C．loud noises can cause damage to the hearing of the young people only

D．common sounds at home are not harmful to the ear

2. This passage suggests that one’s hearing________.

A．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second

B．will be damaged even if he has heard a loud noise less than one second

C．will not be damaged if he has heard a loud noise for only little more than one second

D．will not be damaged if he has little more than one second to get ready

3. One conclusion you can draw from the passage is that aspirin________.

A．makes hearing damage from loud noise worse

B．should never be taken more than four grams

C．can damage one’s hearing when it is given more than four grams daily

D．always increases hearing loss by two times

4. Millions of Americans are in danger of suffering hearing loss because they__________.

A．take too much aspirin

B．often take air trips

C．like listening to loud music

D．have too much loud noises at home and at work

5. The American scientist did his experiment in order to find ________.

A．how much aspirin would affect a person’s hearing

B．how much aspirin should be given in the treatment of the patients with hearing damage from loud noise

C．whether aspirin would increase the temporary hearing damage from loud noises

D．whether the people who had hearing damage should use aspirin