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2024高三上·全国·专题练习
完形填空(约290词) | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:本文为一篇说明文。核污染是一个严重的全球问题。研究表明,人类的活动对海洋环境产生了重大威胁,日本排放核污水事件引起了全球的反对,因此,迫切需要进一步研究和采取缓解措施,以解决核污染对环境和人类健康的广泛影响。

1 . Nuclear pollution is a serious global   ___________, brought to the forefront by major accidents at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima. These events have demonstrated the significant health and environmental risks _________by nuclear disasters. Not only have they caused immediate health problems, such as radiation sickness and increased cancer rates, but they have also _________lasting environmental damage and genetic changes in affected communities. As a result, nuclear pollution remains a pressing concern for governments, scholars, and individuals worldwide.

When nuclear accidents occur in coastal areas, the _________environment becomes a critical concern due to the crucial role that oceans play in _________the climate, ensuring food security, and supporting the livelihoods of billions of people globally. In recent years, the increasing threats to marine ecosystems from ocean pollution have _________public awareness of the need to protect the marine environment. Studies have shown that human activities pose a _________threat to marine environments, emphasizing the importance of improving environmental management and taking measures to mitigate environmental risks.

Following the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011, efforts to cool the reactors by pumping in seawater resulted in the _________of a significant amount of nuclear waste in the water storage tank at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant. _________attempts to manage this waste, the Japanese government’s decision to release nearly 1.26 million tons of nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean over the next 40 years has faced opposition __________neighboring countries, local ____________, and international environmental organizations.

This __________poses serious risks to marine life, fisheries, and human health. Radioactive isotopes present in the wastewater, such as tritium, carbon-14, cobalt-60, and strontium-90, can accumulate in marine organisms and ultimately affect human populations through the food ____________. Therefore, there is an/a ____________need for further research and mitigation measures to __________the widespread impacts of nuclear pollution on the environment and human health.

1.
A.changeB.opportunityC.concernD.possibility
2.
A.causedB.posedC.createdD.increased
3.
A.resulted inB.led toC.brought aboutD.caused
4.
A.terrestrialB.aquaticC.marineD.atmospheric
5.
A.balancingB.regulatingC.consideringD.stabilizing
6.
A.heightenedB.raisedC.decreasedD.lifted
7.
A.minorB.slightC.substantialD.insignificant
8.
A.accumulationB.storageC.depositionD.buildup
9.
A.ThereforeB.DespiteC.HoweverD.Hence
10.
A.fromB.byC.ofD.in
11.
A.residentsB.citizensC.inhabitantsD.dwellers
12.
A.issueB.measureC.releaseD.disposal
13.
A.webB.chainC.networkD.system
14.
A.urgentB.immediateC.pressingD.critical
15.
A.addressB.tackleC.solveD.resolve
2024-02-21更新 | 0次组卷 | 4卷引用:二轮复习 热点话题 环保-日核废水污染
完形填空(约400词) | 较难(0.4) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为人类照明导致的光污染相关情况。

2 . Human beings have somehow managed to engineer the night to receive us by filling it with light. This kind of control is no different from the feat ( 壮 举 ) of damming a river. Its benefits come with_________ — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design. _________ lighting washes out the darkness of night, altering light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have_________. Wherever man-made light spills into the natural world, some aspects of life-migration, reproduction, feeding-is affected.

For most human history, the phrase “light pollution” would have_________. Imagine walking towards London on a moonlit night around 1800, when it was Earth’s most populous city. Nearly a million people lived there, _________ candles, torches and lanterns, as they always had. Only a few houses were lit by gas, and there would be no public gaslights in the streets or squares for another seven years. From a few miles away, you would have been more likely to_________ London than to see its dim collective glow.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were a(n) _________ country. As a matter of fact, among mammals (哺乳动物) alone, the number of species active at night is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet attracting them to it. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being_________ by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms, circling and circling in the thousands until they drop.

It was once thought that light pollution only affected astronomers, who need to see the night sky in all its glorious clarity. Unlike astronomers, most of us may not need a_________ view of the night sky for our work. __________, like most other creatures, we do need darkness. __________ darkness is pointless. It is as essential to maintaining our biological welfare as__________ itself; the price of modifying our internal clockwork means it doesn’t operate as it should, causing various physical discomforts. So fundamental are the regular rhythms of waking and sleep to our being that__________ them is similar to altering our center of gravity.

In a very real sense, light pollution causes us to__________ our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best__________ against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.

1.
A.consequencesB.achievementsC.agreementsD.circumstances
2.
A.Randomly-designedB.Well-designedC.Poorly-designedD.Economically-designed
3.
A.appealedB.adaptedC.objectedD.amounted
4.
A.come under criticismB.made no differenceC.come into effectD.made no sense
5.
A.making do withB.fed up withC.identifying withD.overflowing with
6.
A.visitB.greetC.feelD.smell
7.
A.independentB.disconnectedC.unoccupiedD.excluded
8.
A.exposedB.capturedC.dismissedD.frustrated
9.
A.clearB.comprehensiveC.traditionalD.critical
10.
A.SubsequentlyB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Similarly
11.
A.ReviewingB.EmbracingC.DenyingD.Regulating
12.
A.lightB.rhythmC.statusD.dawn
13.
A.emerging fromB.withdrawing fromC.messing withD.coinciding with
14.
A.keep track ofB.lose sight ofC.catch hold ofD.let go of
15.
A.measuredB.neutralizedC.undergoneD.supervised

3 . Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washed up on the shore near her home. She had been_______ to call on her community to clean it up, to change the _______, so she tried to set up an organization called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. Her_______ proved quite a success.

Here's how it _______.Volunteers help clean up 300 miles of shoreline. Then, _______ only plastics from the beach cleanup, Angela and many other volunteers create sculptures of sea _______·She explains, "I mean to create sculptures that make people take a look and _______: 'How can there be this much waste on the beach?' _______ these sculptures will make people consider what they have _______ in their daily life and realize how so much plastic ends up in the oceans." So far, about 10,000 ________volunteers have collected 21 tons of waste and helped create more than 70 works of art. Four traveling ________ have demonstrated the art works in 18 places of the country. One of the sculptures, Turtle Ocean, received a ________ honor. It was admitted into the National Museum.

The Washed Ashore team is now working on sculpture of a dolphin, with ________ for more sculptures.“Until we ________ plastic on the beach, the work will continue. These sculptures are a(n)________for clean oceans. ” Angela says seriously.

1.
A.offeringB.longingC.admittingD.hesitating
2.
A.landscapeB.worldC.surfaceD.situation
3.
A.attemptB.choiceC.programD.instruction
4.
A.walksB.appliesC.functionsD.prepares
5.
A.stoppingB.presentingC.deliveringD.employing
6.
A.wasteB.floorC.wavesD.creatures
7.
A.rethinkB.remarkC.confirmD.announce
8.
A.GenerallyB.HopefullyC.FortunatelyD.Surprisingly
9.
A.achievedB.observedC.purchasedD.recommended
10.
A.devotedB.surprisedC.gratefulD.adventurous
11.
A.guidesB.managersC.advertisementsD.exhibitions
12.
A.folkB.simpleC.specialD.strange
13.
A.plansB.callsC.elementsD.exchanges
14.
A.get down toB.keep away fromC.get rid ofD.end up with
15.
A.answerB.appealC.warningD.response
2020-11-21更新 | 576次组卷 | 9卷引用:湖南省湖南师大附中2020-2021学年高二上学期期中英语试题
完形填空(约370词) | 适中(0.65) |
4 . Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing _____ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.

So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which ______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and _____ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.

United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and _____ for the future.

“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is ______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.

He praised the ______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but _____ the outcome remained uncertain.

“We are still in a race ______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.

Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to _____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels ______and transforming vast areas into desert.

______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is ______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.

Scientists and ______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently   ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.

1.
A.applicantsB.fearsC.observationsD.comments
2.
A.seeksB.allowsC.assumesD.seizes
3.
A.institutionsB.laboratoriesC.committeesD.factories
4.
A.formallyB.instantlyC.particularlyD.generally
5.
A.prejudicesB.approachesC.visionsD.concepts
6.
A.spiritualB.historicC.appropriateD.valueless
7.
A.agreementsB.groupsC.headquartersD.emissions
8.
A.apologizedB.deniedC.warnedD.overlooked
9.
A.againstB.onC.forD.without
10.
A.avoidB.findC.addressD.ignore
11.
A.fallingB.risingC.disappearingD.remaining
12.
A.UntilB.SinceC.IfD.While
13.
A.under no circumstancesB.on the contrary
C.in no caseD.by all means
14.
A.officersB.policymakersC.employersD.technicians
15.
A.removeB.preserveC.supplyD.restore
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完形填空(约250词) | 适中(0.65) |
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5 . In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The _______ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _______ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we _______ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to _______ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. _______ modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and _______.

Another cause is our _______of disposable (一次性的) products. As _______ people, we are always looking for _______ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ________ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also ________ to the problem. We are ________ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ________ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ________ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the ________ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ________ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ________, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ________, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ________ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ________. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

1.
A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem
2.
A.giftsB.rubbishC.debtD.products
3.
A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change
4.
A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw
5.
A.Thanks toB.As toC.Except forD.Regardless of
6.
A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful
7.
A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division
8.
A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy
9.
A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends
10.
A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve
11.
A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes
12.
A.tired ofB.addicted toC.worried aboutD.ashamed for
13.
A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger
14.
A.pick upB.pay forC.hold ontoD.throw away
15.
A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences
16.
A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure
17.
A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands
18.
A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile
19.
A.byB.in favour ofC.afterD.instead of
20.
A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising
2016-11-26更新 | 2128次组卷 | 26卷引用:2015年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语(安徽卷)
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